A 5-year-old Mongolian girl from Inner Mongolia presented with a painless,round skin lesion on the left cheek for 10 months.Several weeks prior to the development of lesions,her left cheek was seratched by a dog.Subsequently small asymptomatic erythematous papules developed at the scratched site and gradually enlarged.Direct microscopy of scales from the lesions revealed septate,branching hyphae and fungal culture grew Eurotiom amstelodami(perfect stage of aspergillus).She was initially diagnosed as cutaneous aspergillosis and treated with itraconazole 200 mg per day for 2 months,but limited improvement was achieved.Histopathological examination with Wright-Giemsa staining of skin biopsies revealed abundant leishman Donovani hodies intracellulatry and extracellularly in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue; PAS staining of tissue specimens showed no fungal element and fungal culture was negative.She was finally diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis.After treatment with terbinafine 125 mg per day for 2 months,the lesion subsided.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the eruption pattern and root resorption of the bovine anterior dentition in relation to growth-related parameters based on dental maturity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 bovine anterior mandibles by using standard radiography, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and actual measurements. We determined the relationships between the stages of dental maturity by using a modification of Demirjian's method and various growth-related parameters, such as the activity of the root-resorbing tissue and mobility of the deciduous teeth. The correlation of growth-related parameters with interdental spacing and distal unusual root resorption (DRR) of the deciduous fourth incisor was assessed. The cause of mesial unusual root resorption (MRR) of the deciduous fourth incisor was determined on the basis of the arrangement of the permanent third incisor. RESULTS: An independent t-test and chi-square test indicated significant differences in growth-related parameters associated with dental arch length discrepancy and factors related to the shedding of deciduous teeth between the low and high dental maturity groups. The samples with interdental spacing and DRR showed a larger sum of mesiodistal permanent crown widths and higher dental maturity than did the respective controls. Samples with MRR tended to show a lingually rotated distal tip of the adjacent tooth crown. CONCLUSIONS: Dental maturity has relevance to the interdental spaces and unusual root resorption of mixed dentition. The position of the adjacent tooth crown on CBCT may be correlated with the occurrence of unusual root resorption of the incisor.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Crowns ; Dental Arch ; Dentition ; Dentition, Mixed ; Growth and Development ; Incisor* ; Mandible ; Methods ; Radiography ; Root Resorption* ; Tooth Crown ; Tooth* ; Tooth, Deciduous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the morphological changes of the roof of the subacromial bursa (SAB) and its involvement extent after rotator cuff tear.

METHODSIn the experimental group, the roof of SAB was obtained from 30 cases of rotator cuff tear both at the tear site and a site 2.5-3.0 cm distal to the tear site during rotator cuff repair. In the control group, the roof of SAB was obtained from the exposed site of recurrently dislocated shoulder or fractured humeral shaft of 8 cases. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and observed under a transmission electron microscope. The cell number was quantitated through counting the blue-stained nucleus in SAB with a computer image analysis system.

RESULTSThe number of cells increased significantly in the roof of SAB in the experimental group compared with that of the control group. However, no difference of the bursal reaction was found among the type of rotator cuff tear, the bursa thickness and the presence of fluid in the bursa. The great majority of cells were type B cells observed under the transmission electron microscope.

CONCLUSIONSThe increase in cell number in the roof of SAB in the experimental group is a reactive increase rather than an inflammatory process and the involvement of SAB is not limited in extent. The change of the roof of SAB is a secondary reaction to the rotator cuff tear.

Adult ; Aged ; Analysis of Variance ; Bursa, Synovial ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Rotator Cuff Injuries

Pemphigus represents a group of autoimmune blistering diseases caused by autoantibodies against desmogleins (Dsgs), a class of desmosomal cadherins. Recently, several pemphigus patients only with desmocollin (Dsc) 3-specific antibodies have been reported. Here, we report a case of pemphigus herpetiformis (PH), where only anti-Dsc3-specific antibodies but not anti-Dsg antibodies were detected. A 76-year-old woman presented with a 3-year history of blister formation. Physical examination revealed pruritic erythemas with vesicles on the trunk and legs, but no lesions of the oral mucosa. A skin biopsy specimen revealed intraepidermal blister containing neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes. Direct immunofluorescence (IF) showed immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement 3 (C3) depositions on the keratinocyte cell surfaces. Indirect IF showed IgG anti-keratinocyte cell surface antibodies. These findings hinted at a diagnosis of pemphigus. However, repeated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for both anti-Dsg1 and 3 antibodies proved to be negative. Immunoblotting of normal human epidermal extracts revealed Dsc antibodies, and recently established ELISAs using human Dsc1-Dsc3 recombinantly expressed in mammalian cells detected anti-Dsc3 antibodies. Based on these clinical, histopathological, and immunological findings, the patient was diagnosed as PH with only anti-Dsc3 antibodies. Treatment with corticosteroid prednisolone and steroid-sparing agent dapsone accomplished complete clinical remission of the patient.
Aged ; Antibodies* ; Autoantibodies ; Biopsy ; Blister ; Complement C3 ; Dapsone ; Desmogleins ; Desmosomal Cadherins ; Diagnosis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophils ; Erythema ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunoblotting ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Keratinocytes ; Leg ; Lymphocytes ; Mouth Mucosa ; Neutrophils ; Pemphigus* ; Physical Examination ; Prednisolone ; Skin

Narcolepsy with cataplexy (NC) is associated with hypocretin deficiency, and is thought to be an autoimmunity condition. The mean age at onset is estimated to be in the early 20s. Recent papers have addressed the response to immunotherapies in NC, with challenging results. We report a case of late-onset NC in a patient who did not benefit from early intravenous high-dose immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy. This is the first reported attempt at using IVIg to treat an NC patient in Korea.
Autoimmunity ; Cataplexy ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Immunotherapy ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Korea ; Narcolepsy ; Neuropeptides ; Orexins

Limited nucleotide sequences of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) provirus isolated from the first case of a Korean patient with HTLV-I associated myelopathy and tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) were analysed and compared with other isolates from different regions of the world. The sequences of the env, LTR regions (536bp, 690bp respectively) showed 98.7%, 99.3% homologies with the prototype HTLV-I, ATK-1, isolated from a Japanese Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patient. A comparison between other isolates from different geographical origins revealed that the Korean HTLV-I isolate is more closely related to Japanese isolates than to those from other geographical origins
Adult ; Base Sequence ; Case Report ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Human ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Korea/ethnology ; Male ; Molecular Probes/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Paraparesis, Tropical ; Spastic/epidemiology/ethnology/*genetics/*microbiology

Background/Aims: The adenoma detection rate (ADR) of screening colonoscopies performed by trainees is often lower than that of colonoscopies performed by experts. The effcacy of cap-assisted colonoscopy (CAC) in adenoma detection is well documented, especially that of CACs performed by trainees. Endocuff, a new endoscopic cap, is reportedly useful for adenoma detection; however, no trials have compared the effcacy of Endocuff-assisted colonoscopy (EAC) and CAC conducted by trainees. Therefore, the present study retrospectively compared the effcacy between EAC and CAC in trainees. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study involving 305 patients who underwent either EAC or CAC performed by three trainees between January and December 2018. We evaluated the ADR, mean number of adenomas detected per patient (MAP), cecal intubation rate, cecal intubation time, and occurrence of complications between the EAC and CAC groups. Results: The ADR was significantly higher in the EAC group than in the CAC group (54.3% vs. 37.3%, p=0.019), as was the MAP (1.36 vs. 0.74, p=0.003). No significant differences were found between the groups with respect to the cecal intubation rate or cecal intubation time. No major complications occurred in either group. Conclusions Our results suggest that EAC exhibits increased ADR and MAP compared to CAC when performed by trainees.

Background/Aims: Intestinal fibrosis is a major complication of Crohn’s disease (CD). The profibrotic protein transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been considered to be critical for the induction of the fibrotic program. TGF-β has the ability to induce not only the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) including collagen, but also the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) that prevents enzymatic degradation of the ECM during the onset of fibrotic diseases. However, the significance of PAI-1 in the developing intestinal fibrosis has not been fully understood. In the present study, we examined the actual expression of PAI-1 in fibrotic legion of intestinal inflammation and its correlation with the abnormal ECM deposition. Methods: Chronic intestinal inflammation was induced in BALB/c mice using 8 repeated intrarectal injections of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). TM5275, a PAI-1 inhibitor, was orally administered as a carboxymethyl cellulose suspension each day for 2 weeks after the sixth TNBS injection. Results: Using a publicly available dataset (accession number, GSE75214) and TNBS-treated mice, we observed increases in PAI-1 transcripts at active fibrotic lesions in both patients with CD and mice with chronic intestinal inflammation. Oral administration of TM5275 immediately after the onset of intestinal fibrosis upregulated MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9) and decreased collagen accumulation, resulting in attenuation of the fibrogenesis in TNBS-treated mice. Conclusions PAI-1-mediated fibrinolytic system facilitates collagen degradation suppression. Hence, PAI-1 inhibitor could be applied as an anti-fibrotic drug in CD treatment.