We report a patient with candidemia, and remote organ infection, who underwent surgical treatment of aortic valvular stenosis. The patient was a 77-year-old man. Candida glabrata was detected in a blood culture during pharmacological treatment for pyelonephritis associated with vesicoureteral transition stenosis. A ureteral stent had been placed to preserve urine outflow, and vesicoureteral surgery had been scheduled. However, the urological surgery had to be performed first because of severe aortic valvular stenosis. After long-term (5 months) of antifungal treatment, Candida was no longer detected in the urine or blood cultures, but the serum β-D-glucan level did not fall below the reference value (21.6 pg/ml at the last measurement). It was difficult to control the infection further, and we decided to perform aortic valve replacement. There was no evidence of endocarditis at surgery, but pathological examination revealed traces of the fungus in the tissue of the aortic valve. The post-operative course was uneventful, and urological surgery was carried out 45 days later. Infection recurred when the antifungal medication was temporarily discontinued. The infection was then controlled by resumption of the antifungal medication. The patient has been free of recurrence for the past year since the aortic valve replacement. In the present case, in which a mycosis from a remote source was not readily eradicated prior to valve replacement, we were able to obtain good results by first administering long-term antifungal medication to quell the inflammation as much as possible.

We herein report a 79-year-old man who developed anaphylactoid purpura after thoracic endovascular aortic repair, which he underwent for a distal aortic arch aneurysm of saccular type. On the third postoperative day he had purpura over his lower legs and abdomen accompanied by intermittent fever. His serum C-reactive protein concentration reached a maximum of 12 mg/dl, and remained at around 4 mg/dl thereafter. A dermatologist diagnosed anaphylactoid purpura ; this gradually improved with topical steroid and the nature and dosage of the oral medication. We suspected the presence of malignancy ; however, appropriate investigations failed to identify a cause for the purpura. During 6 months of outpatient follow up he has been free of recurrence. Anaphylactoid purpura occurs most frequently in childhood, often after an upper respiratory tract infection, whereas this condition is rare in adults. Triggers for anaphylactoid purpura include surgery, infection, certain medications, chronic lung, liver, or renal failure, and malignancy. We believe that the stress of undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair was the trigger in this case. Anaphylactoid purpura may be complicated by arthritis, gastrointestinal involvement and renal manifestations. There were no such complications in this case.

An 8 year-old boy had a cardiac murmur pointed out on day three after birth and was given a diagnosis of ventricular septal defect (VSD). He underwent VSD patch closure at two months after birth. He was also found the having Loeys-Dietz syndrome on the basis of mutation of TGFBR2 and physical examination at the age of 2 years. He had been followed up at pediatrics clinic of our hospital since then, and was hospitalized for a 46.5-mm extension of valsalva sinus diameter and moderate aortic insufficiency. The aortic valve was three-cusped and had no abnormality. We performed valve-sparing aortic root replacement. He was discharged on day 18 after the operation without any problems in the postoperative course. Use of an artificial heart valve for the surgery of the aortic root lesion in childhood will probably cause reoperation in the future and difficulty in Warfarin anticoagulation control. A careful decision is needed in the choice of an operation method. Valve-sparing aortic root replacement is a useful operation for patients without aortic valve abnormality.

Background : The Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy in 2011 reports that the number of hemodialysis patients has been increasing and that there is an increase in long-term hemodialysis patients and the aging of hemodialysis induction. Therefore, it can be expected that the number of valve surgeries in chronic hemodialysis patients will increase. However, there are many problems between chronic hemodialysis and valve surgery. Objectives : To describe the results of valve surgery in chronic hemodialysis patients at our institution and evaluate the selection of prosthetic valve and associated problems. Methods : Between January 2001 and June 2011, a total of 29 patients on chronic hemodialysis including 3 patients for re-operation, underwent valve replacements. The average age was 67.3±9.3 years and 17 (65%) were men. The average dialysis duration was 7.9±6.4 years. The etiologies of renal failure were 8 for chronic glomerulonephritis (31%), 8 for nephrosclerosis (31%) and 3 for diabetic nephropathy (12%). Results : There were 2 (7.7%) in-hospital deaths, which resulted from ischemia of intestine and multiple organ failure due to heart failure. Twelve (46%) patients died during the follow-up period and the 5-year survival rate after surgery was as poor as another authors have reported previously (30.6%). However, the 5-year survival rate after hemodialysis introduction was 87.1%, which was better than the report of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy in 2011 (60%). Average age was significantly higher in bioprosthetic valves than in mechanical valves (p=0.02). There was no significant difference in survival rate among mechanical and bioprosthetic valves (p=0.75). There was no significant difference in valve-related complication free rate among mechanical (27.5%) and bioprosthetic valves (23.4%) (p=0.9). Three patients with mechanical valves had cerebral hemorrhage, and 1 patient with bioprosthetic valve had structural valve deterioration. Conclusions : Surgical result of valvular disease in hemodialysis patients was as poor as another authors reported previously (5-year survival rate : 30.6%), but survival rate after hemodialysis introduction was not very poor (87.1%). There was no significant difference in survival rate among mechanical and bioprosthetic valves. Bioprosthetic valve has the risk of reoperation due to early structural valve deterioration, but there was no significant difference in valve-related complication free rates. Therefore, we should select prosthetic valve in consideration of individual cases.

The patient was a 74-year-old woman who had undergone mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve for rheumatic mitral valve stenosis at age 60. She was scheduled for aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis. However, she had significantly worsening anemia before the operation. Capsule endoscopy showed angiodysplasia with bleeding in her small intestine, which was considered the cause of the anemia. Because of progressive anemia, we tried embolization under angiography. However, there was no evidence of extravasation. Neither melena nor exacerbation of anemia was observed, and she underwent aortic valve replacement. She was discharged on postoperative day 22 without gastrointestinal bleeding. Heyde syndrome is aortic valve stenosis associated with gastrointestinal bleeding induced by von Willebrand disease and angiodysplasia in small intestine. Molecular multimeric analysis of von Willebrand factor and the existence of angiodysplasia with hemorrhage of the digestive tract are important for definitive diagnosis. Capsule endoscopy, which is a general examination, is more useful for diagnosis than molecular multimeric analysis of von Willebrand factor. Aortic valve replacement is the only therapeutic option for Heyde syndrome. It is important to decide the appropriate timing of AVR with cardiopulmonary bypass.

We report a case of type A acute aortic dissection in an elderly woman with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who underwent replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic arch and later required aortic root replacement for redissection of the aortic root one month after her initial surgery. She was an 86-year-old woman with severe mitral regurgitation, and surgery was contraindicated because of her age and ITP. In October 2014, the patient presented with back pain. Computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis of her condition as type A acute aortic dissection, and she was immediately transferred to our hospital. Because echocardiography showed severe aortic regurgitation, severe mitral regurgitation, and moderate tricuspid regurgitation, we performed replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic arch, mitral valve repair, and tricuspid annuloplasty. We used Bioglue to fuse the false lumen of the type A acute aortic dissection and used a Teflon felt sandwich for the proximal anastomosis technique. Respiratory support was discontinued 91 h after her first operation ; however, 30 days after surgery, she developed a to-and-fro murmur-a sign of the progression of heart failure. Echocardiography showed aggravation of aortic regurgitation, and computed tomography showed aortic root redissection ; therefore, 39 days after the initial surgery, we performed aortic root replacement. During the operation, we found the entry under the proximal anastomosis with an almost semicircle form at the right coronary cusp to the noncoronary cusp, and the dissection extended close to the right coronary artery ; thus, we performed bypass to the right coronary artery. Pathologic findings did not establish a causal association between the redissection and Bioglue, and we believed the fragility of the tissue and the selection of the surgical procedure to be the cause of redissection. The patient was transferred to another hospital when she was able to walk and eat, which was 121 days after her first operation. The patient required 50 units of platelet transfusion during her first and second operations, but her bleeding was easily controlled during surgery. She needed two procedures of pericardium drainage for pericardiac effusion and cardiac tamponade, which may relate to ITP. The diagnosis of redissection of the aortic root was made 30 days after the patient's first operation, on the basis of exacerbation of the to-and-fro murmur. Here, we emphasize the clinical importance of basic observations over time, such as auscultation, that are liable to be overlooked in the intensive care unit.

Until the Sui Dynasty in China, night sweat and spontaneous perspiration had been thought to be caused by same pathophysiology, that is, lowered superficial resistance by deficiency of Qi.In the Tang Dynasty, these were considered to have different pathophysiologies and a new principle indicated that pathogenic heat caused night sweat.In the Song and Jing Dynasties, deficiency of blood and pathogenic heat by deficiency of Yin was also considered to cause night sweat.In the Jing Dynasty, exogenous pathogens, such as Cold were considered to cause night sweat, which indicated the principle that not only the deficiency syndrome but also the excess syndrome caused night sweat.In the beginning of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it was concluded that the deficiency of Yin caused night sweat and the deficiency of Yang caused spontaneous perspiration.In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, another new theory indicated that deficiency of Yang also possibly caused night sweat; therefore we should diagnose abnormal sweat depending on the pathophysiology in each case.In the Qing Dynasty, new theories were established stating that not only exogenous pathogens but also Damp-heat, undigested food and stagnation of blood, all of which are included in excess syndrome, cause night sweat, and that based on which part of the body sweats occurred we might understand pathophysiology of night sweat. The night sweat by Warm-heat, which is different from the one by Wind-cold, was considered to be caused with deficiency of Yin.Thus we conclude that the theories of night sweat developed over time, based on Chinese medical classics.

Tenmin NAMIKAWA (並河天民) thought the Shanghanlun (傷寒論) was an important text. He also taught his pupils the importance of prescribing Zhongjing ZHANG's (張仲景) medicines. Ryokyu ARIMA (有馬凉及) was a physician-teacher, who prescribed Chengqitang (承気湯) for the emperor without conferring with other doctors. His chengqitang formulary was derived from medical texts by Zhongjing ZHANG. Kyugo GODA (合田求吾) on the other hand, was a pupil of Ikkannsai MATSUBARA (松原一閑斎), who wrote in the Idokikigaki (医道聞書) : theKoho (古方) school started by Ryokyu ARIMA. He was a hero who was punished by the Goseiin (後西院) emperor. He taught Koho to Tenmin. This therefore reveals that Ryokyu ARIMA was a teacher who taught the importance of the Shanghanlun.

An 84-year-old man electively underwent abdominal aortic open repair for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. During the operation, the ureter was not confirmed when manipulating the iliac arteries. Subsequently, intestinal paralysis occurred on the fifth day after surgery and a drainage tube of the intestinal tract was inserted. Liquid retention around the left iliopsoas muscle, and left renal nephropathy were recognized on performing enhanced computed tomography (CT) on postoperative day 11. An initial diagnosis of an iliopsoas abscess was considered. Simple CT imaging was performed on the 13th day after surgery without symptomatic improvement. This scan revealed that the contrast agent had remained in the cavity since the previous CT scan, which had been misdiagnosed as an abscess. Ureteral injury was now suspected. Retrograde ureterography revealed an urinoma caused by left ureter injury. We diagnosed paralytic ileus due to urinoma. For drainage of the urine, a percutaneous renal fistula was constructed. He was discharged from the hospital on the 56th postoperative day, and by six months after the operation, the urinary tract problem had disappeared. In conclusion, we report a case of delayed ureteral injury that occurred after abdominal aortic open repair surgery.

A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital following cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) during work. After resuscitation, coronary angiography revealed left main coronary artery stenosis and three-vessel disease. We considered that coronary artery revascularization was required, but the neurological prognosis was unknown. Thus, an IMPELLA CP® device was inserted and systemic management, including hypothermic therapy, was initiated. Circulatory conditions were stable during hypothermia therapy. Rewarming was initiated 24 h later, and we confirmed no abnormal neurological findings. Emergency off-pump coronary artery bypass was then performed. During the procedure, hemodynamic status was maintained using the IMPELLA CP® device. After surgery, the patient was discharged without neurological complications. We report the management of a patient with severe three-vessel disease after resuscitation for CPA using an IMPELLA CP® device and hypothermic therapy.