Strenuous exercise induces upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), whereas moderate exercise prevents URTI. This study aimed to assess the incidence of URTI and the association between URTI episodes and exercise duration in Japanese collegiate athletes. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,740 participants; 1,235 responses were eligible for analysis. Participants were classified into three groups: control group (weekly total exercise duration <60 min, n=405), exercise group (weekly total exercise duration >60 min, n=193), and athlete group (joined a sports club and weekly exercise frequency >5 days, n=637). We requested the following information from participants: basic characteristics, incidence of URTI symptoms (fever, runny or plugged nose, sore throat, and cough) or influenza for each month over the past year, day of the week exercise is typically performed, and duration of exercise per week. The incidence of URTI episodes per year was significantly lower in the athlete group (2.0 ± 2.4 episodes) compared to the control group (2.6 ± 2.4 episodes, p<0.001). The incidence of URTI episodes did not significantly differ between the control group and exercise group (2.9 ± 2.9 episodes, p=0.607). Although the frequency of URTI episodes and exercise duration were not significantly associated among male athletes (p=0.209), they were positively associated in female athletes (p=0.027). These results indicate that Japanese collegiate athletes experience fewer URTI episodes than non-athletes, but athletes who exercise for long durations may frequently experience URTI, particularly female athletes.

Methods: A total of 224 consecutive patients with OVFs aged ≥65 years who received treatment within 2 weeks after the occurrence of injury were enrolled. The patients were followed up for 6 months thereafter. The criteria for evaluating the degree of independence were applied to evaluate ADLs. Multivariable analysis with a logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the risk factors for ADL decline. Results: In total, 49/224 patients (21.9%) showed a decline in ADLs. Of these, 23/116 patients (19.8%) in the rest group and 26/108 patients (24.1%) in the no-rest group experienced a decline in ADLs. In the logistic regression analyses, a diffuse low signal on T2- weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (odds ratio, 5.78; 95% confidence interval, 2.09–16.0; p=0.0007) and vertebral instability (odds ratio, 3.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.32–11.4; p=0.0135) were identified as independent factors in the rest and no-rest groups, respectively. Conclusions In patients with acute OVFs, a diffuse low signal on T2-weighted MRI and severe vertebral instability were independently associated with ADL decline in patients treated with and without initial bed rest, respectively.

Methods: A total of 224 consecutive patients with OVFs aged ≥65 years who received treatment within 2 weeks after the occurrence of injury were enrolled. The patients were followed up for 6 months thereafter. The criteria for evaluating the degree of independence were applied to evaluate ADLs. Multivariable analysis with a logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the risk factors for ADL decline. Results: In total, 49/224 patients (21.9%) showed a decline in ADLs. Of these, 23/116 patients (19.8%) in the rest group and 26/108 patients (24.1%) in the no-rest group experienced a decline in ADLs. In the logistic regression analyses, a diffuse low signal on T2- weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (odds ratio, 5.78; 95% confidence interval, 2.09–16.0; p=0.0007) and vertebral instability (odds ratio, 3.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.32–11.4; p=0.0135) were identified as independent factors in the rest and no-rest groups, respectively. Conclusions In patients with acute OVFs, a diffuse low signal on T2-weighted MRI and severe vertebral instability were independently associated with ADL decline in patients treated with and without initial bed rest, respectively.

Methods: A total of 224 consecutive patients with OVFs aged ≥65 years who received treatment within 2 weeks after the occurrence of injury were enrolled. The patients were followed up for 6 months thereafter. The criteria for evaluating the degree of independence were applied to evaluate ADLs. Multivariable analysis with a logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the risk factors for ADL decline. Results: In total, 49/224 patients (21.9%) showed a decline in ADLs. Of these, 23/116 patients (19.8%) in the rest group and 26/108 patients (24.1%) in the no-rest group experienced a decline in ADLs. In the logistic regression analyses, a diffuse low signal on T2- weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (odds ratio, 5.78; 95% confidence interval, 2.09–16.0; p=0.0007) and vertebral instability (odds ratio, 3.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.32–11.4; p=0.0135) were identified as independent factors in the rest and no-rest groups, respectively. Conclusions In patients with acute OVFs, a diffuse low signal on T2-weighted MRI and severe vertebral instability were independently associated with ADL decline in patients treated with and without initial bed rest, respectively.

Methods: A total of 224 consecutive patients with OVFs aged ≥65 years who received treatment within 2 weeks after the occurrence of injury were enrolled. The patients were followed up for 6 months thereafter. The criteria for evaluating the degree of independence were applied to evaluate ADLs. Multivariable analysis with a logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the risk factors for ADL decline. Results: In total, 49/224 patients (21.9%) showed a decline in ADLs. Of these, 23/116 patients (19.8%) in the rest group and 26/108 patients (24.1%) in the no-rest group experienced a decline in ADLs. In the logistic regression analyses, a diffuse low signal on T2- weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (odds ratio, 5.78; 95% confidence interval, 2.09–16.0; p=0.0007) and vertebral instability (odds ratio, 3.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.32–11.4; p=0.0135) were identified as independent factors in the rest and no-rest groups, respectively. Conclusions In patients with acute OVFs, a diffuse low signal on T2-weighted MRI and severe vertebral instability were independently associated with ADL decline in patients treated with and without initial bed rest, respectively.