We examined that the effect of Gorei-san and Bakumondo-to in 37 cases (18 males and 19 females) with thirst and dry mouth due to psychotropic drugs. The results were as follows:
1. By administration of Gorei-san, the 40% of the patients with thirst was improved (“markedly improved” and “improved”) and the 25% of the patients with dry mouth was improved.
2. By administration of Bakumondo-to, the 47.1% of the patient with thirst was improved (“markedly improved” and “improved”) and the 59.1% of the patients with dry moth was improved.
3. There is no significant difference between Gorei-san and Bakumondo-to for thirst. But Bakumondo-to was significantly effective for dry mouth.

Urinary mineral excretions were measured on five healthy 19-years-old female students in domestic sciences course of a woman's college and five healthy 18-19-years-old female students in physical training course, during the training camp of ski events.
The examination for the female students in domestic sciences course was done on 22 December as of ordinary time at school and on 23-25 December 1969 in training camp of ski event at a skiing ground. For the female students in physical training course the examination was done on 9-13 January 1970 in training camp at the same skiing ground and on 3-5 February 1970 in ordinary time at school. Every three hours urine was collected during the examination periods.
(1) Whole urine volume per 24 hours decreased in training camp in comparison with that in ordinary school time, while the excretion increased after the physical exercise and decreased during the sleeping hours.
(2) Creatinine excretion per 24 hours increased in the training camp and diurnally the excretion increased after the physical exercises. The variation of creatinine excretion seemed to be effected by the physical exercise.
(3) Decrease of Na excretion and increase of K excretion were observed in the students of domestic sciences course in training camp. Increase pattern of Na and K excretion with diurnal variation in training camp was observed with physical exercises.
(4) Urinary excretion of Ca and Mg increased by the female students of physical training course in training camp. On the diurnal pattern, the increase of Ca and Mg excretion caused by physical exercise showed some time lag of the peak compared to that of Na and K.
(5) Phosphorus excretion increased both in the students of domestic sciences course and of physical training course in training camp. The decrease of P excretion in the daytime and the increase in the sleeping hours was commonly observed for both groups.
(6) Following up the diurnal variations of urine volume and urinary excretions of Na, K, Ca and Mg in the female students of physical training course through the training camp for five days, difference between the increase of the excretions after, physical exercises and the decrease in sleeping hours got less day by day. Such a change seems to be the physiological adaptation of human body in order to control excess excretions of the important substances.
(7) Although the value of Na f K ratio fell in both student groups during training camp, the decrease was smaller for the physical training course group than for the domestic sciences course group. The fact that more excretions of urine volume and creatinine and less lowering of Na/K ratio than those of the domestic sciences course students were observed in the physical training course students seemed to be the effect of the daily training.

Introduction
Women in northeast Asian countries follow special practices during prenatal and postnatal periods. The traditional ‘Yu fai’ custom in Thailand includes a food taboo known as kalum.This paper intends to describe the unknown details of parturient women's traditional taboos in northeast Thailand.
Methods
Ethnographic semistructured interviews in the Thai language were conducted in February 2006 with 10 women in northeast Thailand who had babies ranging in age from newborn to 6 years.
Results
The purpose of Yu fai is to enable a mother who has recently undergone parturition to recover her pregestation physical and mental conditions following childbirth. Some new mothers will complain of bad health if they fail to apply Yu fai. Certain food taboos and recommendations are part of the Yu fai practice, and each has a specific context based on traditional beliefs.
Conclusions
The three objectives of Yu fai are identified as follows: to recover the mother's body to its usual pregestation condition; to enable sufficient breast milk or the capability for future pregnancies; to endure a long and healthy life. Applying Yu fai will influence a mother's lifetime health conditions after childbirth. Each of the prohibited or recommended food items is the result of specific contexts based on traditional beliefs. However, Yu fai is now changing, along with urbanization and improved communications, even in the rural areas of northeast Thailand.

Purpose: The Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life - Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW) is designed to investigate an individual's perspective on their own quality of life (QOL) and has been used widely among various clinical populations, including cancer patients and those with chronic kidney disease, in addition to healthy participants. While the original SEIQoL-DW is a semi-structured interview, other formats have been developed; recently computer-based versions have yielded equivalent results comparable to paper-based versions. However, no previous study has examined differences between the computer-based version and its original interview-based design. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility and validity of a computer-based version of the SEIQoL-DW, compared with the original interview-based format.
Methods: We conducted a non-randomized crossover study with 13 medical students from November 2008 to January 2009 at a municipal university in Yokohama, Japan. Both the computer-based and interview-based versions of SEIQoL-DW were administered to all study participants. Wilcoxon-signed rank test was used to compare differences in mean SEIQoL Index score between computer-based and interview-based results. The intra-class correlation coefficient and the Bland and Altman limits of agreement methods were used to compare formats.
Results: No significant differences were found in the SEIQoL-DW Index between the computer-based and interview versions after analysis with Wilcoxon-signed rank test (p = 0.501). The intra-class correlation between formats was 0.94 (CI: 0.81–0.98). The limit of agreement analysis showed that 53.3% of the observations were within ±1–5 units of the average score, while 46.7% were within ±5–10 units. In total, 100% of observations were within ±1–10 units.
Conclusions: The computer-administered version of SEIQoL-DW may be feasible and acceptable and provides a valid alternative, at least in healthy subjects, to the more cumbersome interview version. Use of the computer-based version will facilitate its application to larger patient populations in various clinical settings.

Purpose : To examine the characteristics of second-year residents intending to become primary care physicians.
Methods : Using a self-administered questionnaire, we surveyed 7344 second-year residents in March, 2006. Of the 4167 responders (response rate 56.7%), the 3838 who answered that they intended to make a career choice of being clinical practitioners were taken as subjects for analysis. The odds ratios (OR) for the intention of being a primary care physician was calculated, together with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI), using logistic regression models (primary care physicians intended=1 vs. specialist intended=0)
Results : In total, 56% of the residents affirmed an interest in becoming primary care physicians. Multiple stepwise logistic models showed that residents intending to become primary care physicians planned to open their own clinics in the future (OR 1.44, 95% CI : 1.20-1.73), did not wish to obtain doctor of medical science (DMSc) degrees (OR 1.29, 95% CI : 1.07-1.55), and were more likely to choose internal medicine (OR 1.44, 95% CI : 1.07-1.94).
Conclusion : This study demonstrated that second-year residents who aimed to be primary care physicians were associated with more interest in opening private clinics for their future practice, preferably in the field of internal medicine, and with less interest in earning DMSc degrees.

We have developed a new gait assisting device for patients with hemiplegia, by which a single therapist alone can work with : 1) swing of the paretic limb, 2) stance of the paretic limb, and 3) alternate lateral weight-shift during gait. This device (ASSWS : Assistance of Swing, Stance and Weight Shift) imitates the kinesiological complex (patellar ligament, quadriceps, iliotibial ligament and gluteus maximus) to maintain a standing posture for the lower extremities. We compared the results of a gait analysis using a motion analyzer for gait with ASSWS and gait without ASSWS. With ASSWS, the walking speed was faster, stride length was longer, and stride duration was shorter. No differences in floor reaction force were identified. With ASSWS, the flexion peak of the hip joint became larger and the knee joint was in a more flexed position throughout the walking cycle. Also, the joint moment of hip extension, hip flexion and knee extension all increased with use of the ASSWS.

The purpose of this workshop was to discuss on various issues for the development of a protocol for the Ja pan-Korea research collaboration. An important issue is to select/develop the experimental design of the clinical trial for individualized therapy done in Japan and Korea. Randomizedn-of-1 trial and randomization test were proposed as an possible candidate. A pilot study using randomized n-of-1 trial was done using intradermal acupuncture on pollinosis, and the methodological issues on the generalizability of randomized n-of-1 trial and the need of the selection of target disease were discussed. Onthe other hand, the literature survey has shown that the individualized acupuncture therapy is more effective than those of the standardized' fixed acupuncture therapy in usual RCTs. The diagnosis and selection of acupuncture point and method of manipulation were also shown to be an important factor. Further discussions will be required for the development of the adequate protocol for the individualized therapy.

Introduction and Purpose
Overweight and obesity have recently emerged as major problems of malnutrition among children in developing countries. However, risk factors for childhood obesity in Asian countries remain largely unknown. Identification of target populations for its prevention and intervention is urgently needed. This survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity and identify possible risk factors among kindergarten children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study conducted in March, 2005, 780 children in their third and fourth years in kindergarten and their mothers were randomly selected from eight local kindergartens. Height and weight of mother-child pairs were measured, and an interview was conducted by trained staff using a questionnaire in Vietnamese. Overweight/obesity was defined as a weight-for-height > 2 SD above the National Center for Health Statistics median reference value. Risk factors for overweight/obesity were analyzed using logistic regression.
Results
There were 741 respondents (377 boys and 364 girls); the response rate was 95.0%. Average age of children was 61.8 ± 6.8 months; the average age of mothers was 35.0 ± 5.2 years. The average height and weight were 110 ± 5.7cm and 21.2 ± 4.0kg respectively. Of the 741 children, 27.8% were identified as being overweight/obesity. Four possible variables selected were: 1) child's sex, 2) mother's awareness of her child's current body type, 3) mother's expectation for her child's body type in the future, 4) mother's awareness of her own current body type .
Conclusion
Our findings point to the importance of addressing appropriate body images in the management of children's nutritional health. Providing sufficient amounts of information on appropriate body type in addition to feeding practice to mothers should be a priority at the Ho Chi Minh City Nutrition Center to prevent child overweight and obesity.

Subchondral insufficiency fracture (SIF) of the femoral head is one of the predominant etiologies of rapidly progressive osteoarthritis of the hip (RPOH). SIF is a rare disease that causes acute pain in the hip joint. It is most frequently found in elderly women with osteoporosis. It is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as osteonecrosis of the femoral head. SIF is currently a well-established cause of RPOH; however, the deeper etiology of SIF is not clear. Good clinical outcomes have been reported for hip preservation therapy and hip replacement. SIF is not obvious radiologically in the early stage, and a T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging shows a discontinuous low-intensity band under the articular cartilage convex to the articular surface as its characteristic manifestation. Some patients will lose the opportunity to preserve the hip joint due to symptoms such as progressive joint space narrowing and subchondral collapse within a very short period. Patients with progressive hip space narrowing and subchondral collapse on Xray should be converted to total hip arthroplasty. Based on the characteristics of the disease, surgeons need to master the clinical and radiological characteristics of SIF and strive for early diagnosis and treatment.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been one of the most successful orthopaedic surgery in the last 50 years, with an excellent survival rate of more than 20 years. However, hip instability, impingement, dislocation, and liner wear remain common causes of THA failure and revision after THA. To minimize the risk of postoperative complications, abnormal spine-pelvic-hip mobility and its impact on THA outcomes have received increasing attention. According to the concept, the patient's pelvic mobility should be fully considered when making preoperative plans for THA. Individualized anteversion and inclination angles should be set according to the patient's sagittal balance and pelvic mobility to reduce the incidence of postoperative adverse events and prolong the life of the prosthesis. In the literature, recent studies have shown that patient aging, postural changes in daily life, high body mass index (BMI), and different surgical approaches and positions can impact spinopelvic mobility. Because changes in pelvic mobility translate into changes in acetabular orientation, excessive intraoperative or postoperative changes in pelvic mobility may result in poor intraoperative prosthesis orientation, postoperative impingement, dislocation, and accelerated liner wear, ultimately shortening the life of the prosthesis. Therefore, it is vital to evaluate and measure spinopelvic mobility preoperatively, investigate the factors that influence intraoperative pelvic mobility changes and the use of assisted positioning devices for accurate cup placement, and observe postoperative changes in pelvic mobility and the resulting adverse outcomes. This review takes the current literature on the spine-pelvic-hip interrelationship as a starting point and presents studies on the factors influencing spinopelvic mobility and the strategies for perioperative management of THA.