Objective:To investigate the factors influencing the dissolution of metronidazole tablet.　Methods:CMS-Na and magnesium stearate were added with five different ratios before tabletting, respectively, mixed equally and tabletted, then the dissolution was determined; the softmaterials were made with 87℃ and 50℃ of starch as adhesion agent, and respectively, tabletting, then the dissolution was determined; tablets were experessed with the grains of different magnitude and different hardness, then the dissolution were determined same group of grains were expressed into three tablets, of which diameters were 8, 9, 10 mm respectively.　Results:CMS-Na could obviously increase the dissolution of metronidazole tablet; when the temperature of starch were 87℃ and 50℃, the dissolution of metronidazole tablet were 94.55±1.67(n＝5)and 84.32±2.60(n＝5), respectively; when the grain is big, hardness is strong, the dissolution was declined when the grains were big magnitude and strong hardness, on the contrary, the dissolution was higher; the accumulated dissolution of three diameter of 8, 9, 10 mm were 98.85%, 99.64%, 99.51% respectively.　Conclusion:the disintegrant had larger effect on the dissolution within 30 minutes of metronidazole tablet; the grain's magnitude and hardness and the temperature of starch had also produced and effect on the dissolution of metronidazole tablet; the magnitude of tablet's diameter had only little effect on the dissolution of metronidazole tablet.

Objective:To investigate the variation of the drug resistance of Escherichia coli(Eco)against antibacterial in clinical specimens in the hospital, and to evaluate the simultaneous use of antibacterial, to explore to provide the reference for the reasonable clinical use of antibacterial. Method:Eco was separated from all kinds of clinical specimens of out-patients and in-patients in the hospital from August of 2005 to April of 2006,and ESBLs was detected with Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disk diffusion method. It was also counted that the antibacterial drugs ranked the first 30 in sales per month and their use frequencies in the same period in the hospital. Result:The detectable rate of producing ESBLs Eco was 58.6%. Eco was completely sensitive to imipenem. It had lower resistance rates, only 2% and 4% , against piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoperazone/sulbactam; and had 59% and 55% resistance rates respectively against cefotaxime claforan and ceftazidime pentahydrate in the third generation cephalosporin. The third generation cephalosporin and quinolones kept high in sales and their use frequencies ranked the first three. The use of the third generation cephalosporin with anhydrase inhibitors also had an uptrend. Conclusion:There is a direct relation between the use of a great deal of antibacterial and the imitative drug resistance of Eco. It is necessary to strengthen its clinical management and to raise the level of drug use.

OBJECTIVE：To study metabonomics of secondary components of Astragalus membranaceus injection on leukopenia model mice. METHODS ：The mice were divided into normal group ，model group ，A. membranaceus injection group （0.004 mL/g），secondary components low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （0.004，0.008，0.016 mL/g），with 7 mice in each group. Except for normal group ，other groups were given cyclophosphamide （80 mg/kg） intraperitoneally to induce leukopenia model. After modeling ，administration groups were given relevant medicine intraperitoneally ，and normal group and model group were given constant volume of sterile water for injection intraperitoneally ，once a day ，for consecutive 7 days. During the experiment ，the changes of body weight of mice were measured every 2 days. After the last administration ，the blood routine indexes [white blood cell （WBC），neutrophil（NE），lymphocyte（LY）and monocyte （MO）counts] of mice were detected by animal blood analyzer. UPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap-HRMS combined with multivariate statistical analysis were used to analyze the metabonomics of mice serum. RESULTS ：Compared with model group ，body weight of mice in the secondary component low-dose group increased significantly on the 4th and 8th day of administration （P＜0.05），and the counts of WBC ，NE，LY and MO in serum of mice in secondary component groups increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Metabonomic analysis showed that the secondary components of A. membranaceus injection could significantly regulate the contents of 8 endogenous metabolites in serum， including spermidine ， uric acid ， citric acid ， nicotinamide， eicosapentaenoic acid ， linoleic acid ， erucamide and sphingosine-1-phosphate. Their effects involved linoleic acid metabolism pathway ，nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway. CONCLUSIONS ：The secondary components of A. membranaceus injection possess the effect of increasing white blood cells in leukopenia model mice ，the mechanism of which may be related to intervention of linoleic acid metabolism pathway ， nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism pathway ，and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway.

Objective: To explore the relationships among perceived stress, emotion regulation strategies, and abnormal eating behavior among medical students, in order to provide healthy eating behavior reference for medical students, especially under pressure. Methods: Chinese Perceived Stress Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire were administered among 777 students from three medical universities in Shanxi seleceted by a stratified random cluster sampling method. Results: There were significant differences in unhealthy eating behavior by gender and major. Abnormal eating problem score of clinical medicine students was significantly higher than that of non-clinical medicine students (t=3.56,P<0.01); Scores of restrained eating behavior, emotional eating behavior, and exogenic eating behavior of clinical medicine students were all significantly higher than those of non-clinical medicine students (t=3.45, 3.04, 4.19, P<0.01). Abnormal eating behavior, and restrained eating behavior and exogenic eating behavior in female students were significantly higher than those of male students (t=2.28, 2.58, 2.46, P<0.05). The perceived stress significantly and positively correlated with the abnormal eating behavior (P<0.01); Cognitive reappraisal and expressive inhibition significantly and negatively correlated with abnormal eating behavior respectively (P<0.01); No significant association was found between expressive inhibition and abnormal eating behavior. Cognitive reappraisal mediated the association between abnormal eating behavior with perceived stress which accounted for 36.89%, mediating effect in boys was higher than that of girls. However, expressive inhibition showed no similar effect and gender difference. Conclusion Perceived stress can influence abnormal eating behavior of medical students through cognitive reappraisal directly or indirectly, while expressive inhibition shows no such mediating effect. For medical students under pressure, the skill of emotion regulation through cognitive reappraisal, emotion expression as well as appropriate coping style under pressure should be developed.

Objective: To observe and evaluate the clinical effect of cement reinforced pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures and its effect on the quality of life. Methods: From April 2015 to June 2017, 60 patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures were selected from Shanxi Coal Center Hospital.The patients were divided into two groups according to different treatment method, with 30 cases in each group.Routine percutaneous vertebroplasty was performed in the control group, and bone cement reinforced pedicle screw fixation was performed in the observation group.The scores of health and function, life satisfaction score, the scores of social and economic factors, self-concept score, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Cobb's angle were calculated and evaluated before operation and 6 months after operation in the two groups. Results: The scores of health and function, life satisfaction, social and economic factors, self-concept in the observation group at 6 months after operation were (60.2±6.0)points, (39.8±4.0)points, (32.0±3.5)points, (47.7±4.0)points, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group[(48.0±5.5)points, (32.4±3.0)points, (29.3±2.0)points, (44.0±3.3)points], the differences were statistically significant (t=8.988.106, 3.668, 3.908, all P<0.05). The VAS score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 6 months after operation[(1.5±0.4)points vs.(2.3±0.8)points](t=4.898, P<0.05). The Cobb angle of the observation group[(5.3±1.0)°] was significantly lower than that of the control group[(14.0±2.2)°] at 6 months after operation (t=19.718, P<0.05). Conclusion Treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture with bone cement reinforced pedicle screw fixation has better clinical effect and can obviously improve the quality of life.

Objective: To investigate parent-child conflict among primary and secondary school students and their parents, and to promote family harmony and mental health of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An anonymous online survey was completed by 12 711 parents of primary and middle school students during mid-March, 2020. Emotional translation, coping style, parent-child conflict were collected and analyzed by grade. Results: The incidence of parent-child conflict was emotional opposition (62.3%), verbal conflict (52.6%) and physical conflict (20.5%), respectively. About 38.1% of parents and 23.6% of students experienced negative emotions, such as anxiety and anger, and the students used coping styles that were more uniform than those of their parents. About 77.9% of families reported that they experienced different levels of parent-child conflict, which was mainly caused by child learning difficulties(45.6%), daily arrangements(22.1%), and the use of electronic devices(10.2%); compared with the previous year, about 31.4% of families reported an increase in the frequency of parent-child conflicts in the last month. Conclusion Parent-child conflict is highly prevalent in the families of primary and middle school students, and such conflicts were affected by stress-related factors, which included COVID-19. It s necessary to improve the provision of relevant mental health education and psychological assistance.

To characterize the chemical constituents of Huanbei Zhike Prescription by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry( UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). A Thermo Syncronls C18 column( 2. 1 mm×100 mm,1. 7 μm) was used with methanol( A)-0. 1% formic acid solution( B) as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The injection volume was 2 μL; the column temperature was 40 ℃; the flow rate was 0. 3 m L·min-1; and electrospray ionization( ESI) source was used to collect data in positive and negative ion modes. The ion scanning range was m/z 50-1 200,with capillary voltage of 3 000 V,ion source temperature of100 ℃,atomization gas flow rate of 50 L·h-1,desolvent gas flow rate of 800 L·h-1,desolvent temperature of 400 ℃,cone hole voltage of 40 V,with argon as the collision gas and the collision energy was 20-35 V. The excimer ion peak information was analyzed by Waters UNIFI data processing software. The molecular formula with error within 1×10-5 was compared with the data in database to identify the compounds. The secondary fragment ion information of the target compound was selected,and then compared with the retention time and fragmentation patterns provided by the database and the existing literature to further confirm the compositions and structures of the compounds. A total of 68 main compounds in Huanbei Zhike Prescription were identified,including 38 flavonoids,10 organic acids,6 terpenoids and 10 nitrogen-containing compounds,of which 12 compounds were verified by the control substances. This method is rapid and accurate,which provides a new strategy for the qualitative analysis of the chemical constituents of Huanbei Zhike Prescription,and lays a foundation for the further study and quality control of the compound pharmacodynamic substance.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Terpenes ; analysis

Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccines, Inactivated

The poor mechanical property and vulnerability to bacterial infections are the main problems in clinic for dental restoration resins. Based on this problem, the purpose of this study is to synthesize silver-titanium dioxide (Ag-TiO₂) nanoparticles with good photocatalytic properties, and add them to the composite resin to improve the mechanical properties and photocatalytic antibacterial capability of the resin. The microstructure and chemical composition of Ag-TiO₂ nanoparticles and composite resins were characterized. The results indicated that Ag existed in both metallic and silver oxide state in the Ag-TiO₂, and Ag-TiO₂ nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the resins. The results of mechanical experiments suggested that the mechanical properties of the composite resin were significantly improved due to the incorporation of Ag-TiO₂ nanoparticles. The antibacterial results indicated that the Ag-TiO₂ nanoparticle-filled composite resins exhibited excellent antibacterial activities under 660 nm light irradiation for 10 min due to the photocatalysis, and the Ag-TiO₂ nanoparticle-filled composite resins could also exhibit excellent antibacterial activities after contact with bacteria for 24 h without light irradiation because of the release of Ag ions. In summary, this study provides a new antibacterial idea for the field of dental composite resins.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Composite Resins ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry* ; Nanoparticles ; Titanium/pharmacology*

OBJECTIVE：To study the intervention effects of Huan gqi injecti on on leucopenia model mice. METHODS ： Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal group ，model group and drug group ，with 8 mice in each group. Model group and drug group were given intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide to induce leukopenia model. Normal group was given intraperitoneal injection of equal volume of sterile water. After modeling successfully ，normal group and model group were given intraperitoneal injection of equal volume of sterile water ；drug group was given intraperitoneal injection of Huangqi injection 0.04 mL/10 g，once a day ，for consecutive 7 d. Based on the detection of blood routine indexes （leukocyte，lymphocyte，neutrophil， monocyte count ）of mice in each group ，the metabolites in serum were analyzed by LC-MS. Principal component analysis （PCA）， partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA），orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA），HMDB， METLIN， KEGG and other databases as well as related literatures were used to identify the differential metabolites. The metabolic pathways of differential metabolites were analyzed with MetPA online tools ，and the correlation of blood routine indexes and differential metabolites were analyzed on the basis of Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS： Compared with normal group ， blood rountine indexes of model group were decreased significantly （P＜ 0.01）. Compared with model group ，above blood r ountine indexes of drug group were all increased siginificantly （P＜0.01）. LC-MS chromatogram of serum samples in normal group and model group were significantly different ，and LC-MS metabonomics data of serum samples in drug group were similar to those of normal group. Multivariate statistical analysis and correlated database analysis revealed that compared with normal group ，serum contents of 17 metabolites as L-isoleucine，eicosapentaenoic acid were increased significantly in model group ，while the contents of 4 metabolites as spermidine were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，Huangqi injection could reverse the serum contents of 9 metabolites in mice ，such as citric acid ，L-proline，acetylcarnitine，L-isoleucine， L-phenylalanine，sphingosine-1-phosphate，lysophosphatidylinositol，eicosapentaenoic acid and linoleic acid （P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01），which were associated with linoleic acid metabolism ，biosynthesis of phenylalanine ，tyrosine and tryptophan ，and phenylalanine metabolism （metabolism pathway influential values were all higher than 0.1）. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between blood routine indexes and the contents of D-sphingosine，linoleic acid and citric acid in model group（the absolute values of r were generally greater than 0.5）. CONCLUSIONS ：Huangqi injection can increase the counts of leukocytes，lymphocytes，neutrophils and monocytes in leucopenia model mice. The increase of leukocytes may be related to linoleic acid metabolism ，biosynthesis of phenylalanine ，tyrosine and tryptophan ，and phenylalanine metabolism.