Objective To discuss a convenient and pragmatic method of fitting and optimizing standard curve for determining concentration of serum hepatitis B virus large surface protein(HBV-LP).MethodsEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the absorbance of standard preparation of HBV-LP.Concentration and absorbance of standard preparation of HBV-LP was carried out curve fitting with 4-parameter formula model and linear model and log-linear model and quadratic polynomial model and cubic polynomial model and S model by program solution of Excel,respectively.The most standard curve for determining concentration of serum HBV-LP was determined with coefficient of determination of regression model.ResultsThe scatterplot of standard preparation of HBV-LP submited nonlinear tendency.There were all significance to regression equation of 4-parameter formula model and linear model and log-linear model and quadratic polynomial model and cubic polynomial model and S model(P

Liver fibrosis is an essential stage in the development and progression of liver cirrhosis, and uncontrolled liver fibrosis may eventually lead to liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver fibrosis is a dynamic process regulated by many factors. An increasing number of evidence has shown that adipokines transmit dynamic functions in the liver and are involved in the regulation of liver fibrosis. This article reviews the research on major adipocytokines (adiponectin and leptin) involved in liver fibrosis and the recent advances in the mechanism of action of these adipocytokines in liver fibrosis.

Osteochondral defects is a common clinical joint disease. The complexity of cartilage-bone interface and the poor self-repair capacity of cartilage are both reasons for current relatively limited clinical treatments. The introduction of tissue engineering provides a new treatment method for osteochondral repair. This paper reviews three main elements of cartilage-bone tissue engineering: seed cell source and culture method, cytokines regulation and synergistic effect, and scaffold components and type. We mainly focused on current status quo and future progress of cartilage-bone repair scaffolds. This paper provides some reference for the further development of osteochondral tissue engineering.
Bone and Bones ; Cartilage, Articular ; Humans ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by nonsuppurative inflammation of the small- and medium-sized bile ducts in the liver. The pathogenesis of PBC remains unclear, and immunoregulation may play a critical role. As the important components of the immune system, cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of PBC. This article reviews related research advances in recent years, including the roles of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-12, interleukin-17, interleukin-9, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6), the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10, and their signaling pathways in PBC, so as to deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis of PBC and explore new treatment methods.

This study employed bibliometrics tools to review the studies of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of Alzheimer's disease(AD) in recent ten years, aiming to explore the research status, hotspots, and future trends in this field at home and abroad. The relevant literature published from January 1, 2012 to August 15, 2022 was retrieved from Web of Science and CNKI. CiteSpace 6.1R2 and VOSviewer 1.6.15 were used for the visual analysis of authors, countries, institutions, keywords, journals, etc. A total of 2 254 Chinese articles and 545 English articles were included. The annual number of articles published showed a rising trend with fluctuations. The country with the largest number of relevant articles published and the largest centrality was China. SUN Guo-jie and WANG Qi were the authors publishing the most Chinese articles and English articles, respectively. Hubei University of Chinese Medicine and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine published the most articles in Chinese and English, respectively. Journal of Ethnopharmacology and Neuroscience Letters published the articles with the highest cited frequency and the highest centrality. According to the keywords, the research on TCM treatment of AD mainly focused on the mechanism of action and treatment methods. Metabolomics, intestinal flora, oxidative stress, tau hyperphosphorylation, β-amyloid(Aβ), inflammatory cytokines, and autophagy were the focuses of the research on mechanism of action. Acupuncture, clinical effect, kidney deficiency and phlegm stasis, and dredging governor vessel to revitalize mind were the hotspots of clinical research. This research field is still in the stage of exploration and development. Exchanges and cooperation among institutions should be encouraged to carry out more high-quality basic research on TCM treatment of AD, obtain high-level evidence, and clarify the pathogenesis and prescription mechanism.
Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Medicine ; Amyloid beta-Peptides

Objective: To explore the relationship between an anti epidemic mentality and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among college students during the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of PTSD when college students experience sudden crisis events in the future. Methods: An online questionnaire survey was conducted among 9 399 undergraduates from Shanxi Medical University using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the public anti epidemic psychology self examination scale. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the total PCL-C scores of college students were (22.74±7.78), and the positive rate of PTSD symptoms was 5.3%. The detection rates of symptom recurrence, avoidance/numbness symptoms and increased alertness symptoms were 27.0%, 16.6% and 8.6 %, respectively. The average score of avoidance/numbness symptoms in the three symptom groups was (9.21±3.39), the two items with the highest scores were repeated recall of traumatic events (1.57±0.71) and impaired concentration (1.47±0.71). Females scored higher than males on the increased alertness dimension(6.82±2.61，6.67±2.72) ( t = -6.49 ， P <0.05). In respect to PCL-C total scores and the scores of each dimension, rural areas were associated with higher scores than urban areas, and non medical students scored higher than medical students, while the scores of those who grew up with siblings were higher than only children ( P <0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between an anti epidemic mentality and total PTSD scores ( r =0.51, P <0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that the place of origin, choice of college major, and antiepidemic mentality were predictors of PTSD symptoms ( P <0.01). Conclusion Anti epidemic mentality is associated with the occurrence of PTSD among college students.

{L-End}Objective To study the changes of complete blood cell count parameters and its influencing factors in patients with occupational silicosis (hereinafter referred to as "silicosis"). {L-End}Methods A total of 354 silicosis patients were selected as the research subjects using judgment sampling method. The patients were divided into stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ groups according to the stage of silicosis. Based on the course of the disease, they were divided into groups of ≤3, >3-≤6, >6-≤9 and >9-≤12 years. The peripheral blood of the patients was collected for complete blood cell count analysis, and the influencing factors of complete blood cell count were analyzed by multiple linear regression model. {L-End}Results The levels of hemoglobin and the average red blood cell hemoglobin in patients with silicosis at stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups were lower than those at stageⅠgroup (all P<0.05). The percentage and counts of neutrophils increased in patients at stage Ⅲ group (all P<0.05), while the percentage and counts of lymphocytes decreased (all P<0.05) compared with those in stage Ⅰand Ⅱ groups. The percentage of eosinophils in patients at stage Ⅲ was lower than those at stage Ⅰ group (P<0.05). The red blood cell count in the courses of silicosis >6-􀰤9 years group was lower (P<0.05), and the percentage of neutrophils was higher, while the percentage of lymphocyte was lower in the courses of silicosis >6-􀰤9 years group and >9-􀰤12 years group (all P<0.05) compared with the courses of silicosis ≤3 years and >3-􀰤6 years groups. The mean corpuscular volume of the courses of silicosis >6-􀰤9 years group and the neutrophil count of the courses of silicosis >9-􀰤12 years group increased (all P<0.05) compared with the courses of silicosis ≤3 years group. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the silicosis stage and course of silicosis were influencing factors of erythrocyte count (all P<0.05), gender and age of first dust-exposure were influencing factors of hemoglobin level (all P<0.05), while age at diagnosis, duration of dust-exposure, age of first dust-exposure and comorbidities were influencing factors of neutrophil count (all P<0.05). Gender, comorbidities, smoking and silicosis stage were influencing factors of lymphocyte count (all P<0.05). {L-End}Conclusion There are differences in complete blood cell count parameters in patients with silicosis at different stages and courses of the disease. Silicosis stage, course of disease, gender, age, smoking,comorbidities, duration of dust-exposure and age of first dust-exposure were influencing factors affecting complete blood cell count in silicosis patients.

Dendritic Cells ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Humans

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of glucocorticoid in patients with severe drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the data of patients with severe DILI who were admitted to The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2019 to September 2021, including demographic characteristics, drugs inducing liver injury, and clinical manifestations, and changes in liver function, treatment outcome, and adverse reactions were compared between the patients treated with glucocorticoid (glucocorticoid group) and those not treated with glucocorticoid (control group). The independent samples t -test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. Results A total of 88 patients with DILI were included in analysis, among whom there were 33 male patients and 55 female patients, with a median age of 49 years, and there were 61 patients in the control group and 27 patients in the glucocorticoid group. Hepatocellular injury type was the main clinical type, and traditional Chinese medicine and dietary supplements were the most common drugs inducing liver injury. Main clinical manifestations included jaundice, nausea, and poor appetite, and 6 patients (6/88, 6.82%) progressed to grade 4 DILI, with 2 patients in the glucocorticoid group and 4 in the control group. The comparison of baseline characteristics showed that there were significant differences between the glucocorticoid group and the control group in aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBil), and the proportion of patients with positive immune indices (all P < 0.05). On day 3 of treatment, there were significant differences between the two groups in the reduction rates of TBil, international normalized ratio (INR), and total bile acid (TBA) (all P < 0.05); on day 7 of treatment, there were significant differences between the two groups in the reduction rates of alanine aminotransferase, GGT, INR, and TBA (all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the glucocorticoid group had a significantly higher cumulative response rate on days 3 and 7 of treatment (day 3: 59.26% vs 29.51%, χ 2 =55.82, P =0.008; day 7: 81.48% vs 29.51%, χ 2 =64.27, P < 0.001). In the glucocorticoid group, the 2 patients with grade 4 DILI showed no response, while treatment response was observed in 93.75% of the patients who were treated with glucocorticoid due to the reduction in liver enzymes and the persistent increase (or a lack of significant reduction) in bilirubin after conventional liver-protecting treatment. Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine and dietary supplements are the most common drugs inducing liver injury, and short-term use of glucocorticoids may bring benefits to the patients with grade 3 DILI who fail to achieve a satisfactory reduction in bilirubin after conventional treatment.

Sodium alginate (SA) is a kind of natural polymer material extracted from kelp, which has excellent biocompatibility, non-toxicity, biodegradability and abundant storage capacity. The formation condition of sodium alginate gel is mild, effectively avoiding the inactivation of active substances. After a variety of preparation methods, sodium alginate microspheres are widely used in the fields of biomaterials and tissue engineering. This paper reviewed the common methods of preparing alginate microspheres, including extrusion, emulsification, electrostatic spraying, spray drying and coaxial airflow, and discussed their applications in biomedical fields such as bone repair, hemostasis and drug delivery.
Alginates ; Biocompatible Materials ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Microspheres ; Plastic Surgery Procedures