To reflect specialty teaching characteristics and levels in clinical standardized training of medical professional degree postgraduates and highlight the thinking of evidence-based medicine culture,in urology rotation training practice,we conducted clinical pathway teaching according to picot principle (PICOT-CP teaching).According to the requirements of the teaching syllabus,the six kinds of major diseases were brought into PICOT-CP teaching.After the screening of pre teacher training,teaching tools and teaching cases,and based on the form of PICOT-CP,we standardized the implementation of clinical teaching of Urology,fully used subject website platform to discuss the interaction between teachers and students,and assessed the effect in combination with the departmental rotation examination and the teaching questionnaire survey of the students and the training teachers.Preliminary practice shows that PICOT-CP teaching helps to stimulate students' interest in learning,improve their overall quality,expand their clinical thinking,and establish their concept of evidence-based medicine.In addition,PICOT-CP teaching is beneficial to the teaching norms of teachers' teaching and can improve teaching level.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) within 1 year.Methods One hundred and thirty-one prostate cancer patients treated with ADT in our institute between Jan.2008 and Jan.2011 were selected for this study.Patients were followed up by telephone or in clinic,including serum testosterone,serum PSA,clinical symptoms,imaging studies,digital rectal examination (DRE),survival data,PSA nadir,time to PSA nadir and et al.We mainly studied the CRPC after prostate cancer treated with ADT within 1 year.In the 131 patients,the median age was 70 (ranged from 44-89) years.There were 13 patients (9.9％) less than 60 years,43 patients (32.8％) between 60 and 69 years,62 patients (47.3％) between 70 and 79 years,13 patients (9.9％) more than 80 years.The average body mass index (BMI) was 23.0 (ranged from 14.4-34.4) kg/m2.There were 10 patients less than 18.5 kg/m2,77 patients between 18.5 and 24.0 kg/m2,34 patients between 24.1 and 28.0 kg/m2,and 10 patients more than 28.0 kg/m2.The initial PSA was between 0.3 and 4 707.0 μg/L,there were 19 patients (14.5％) less than 20 μg/L,45 patients (34.4％) between 20 and 99 μg/L,67 patients (51.1％) more than 100 μg/L.One patient (0.7％) was in T1,39 patients (29.8％) in T2,59 patients (45.0％) in T3,32 patients (24.4％) in T4.5 patients (3.8％) were with Gleason score 4,13 patients (9.9％) were with Gleason score 5,24 patients (18.3％) were with Gleason score 6,51 patients (38.9％) were with Gleason score 7,26 patients (19.8％) were with Gleason score 8,9 patients (6.9％) were with Gleason score 9,3 patients (2.3％) were with Gleason score 10.Results There were 32 of 131 patients (24.4％) progressed to CRPC after treated with ADT within 1 year.In the CRPC group,there were 3 patients less than 60 years,15 patients between 60 and 69 years,12 patients between 70 and 79 years,2 patients more than 79 years; 3 patients were less than 18.5 kg/m2,19 patients were between 18.5 and 24.0 kg/m2,7 patients were between 24.0 and 28.0 kg/m2,3 patients were more than 28.0 kg/m2 ; 4 patients were less than 20 μg/L,6 patients were between 20 and 100 μg/L,22 patients were more than 100 μg/L; 4 patients were in T2,13 patients were in T3,15 patients were in T4; 2 patients were with Gleason score 6,11 patients were with Gleason score 7,11 patients were with Gleason score 8,6 patients were with Gleason score 9,2 patients were with Gleason score 10; 29 patients were with metastasis,3 patients without metastasis.Clinical stage (P =0.001),Gleason score (P＜0.001) and metastasis (P=0.011) were statistically significant between the CRPC within 1 year group and the rest group.Conclusions The clinical stage and Gleason score are the risk factors of CRPC treated with ADT within 1 year.The higher of the clinical stage and Gleason score,the greater risk to be the CRPC within 1 year.

Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide with limited medications and neuroinflammation was recognized as a critical player in the progression of stroke, but how to control the overactive neuroinflammation is still a long-standing challenge. Here, we designed a novel SIRT6 activator MDL-811 which remarkably inhibited inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and primary mouse microglia, which were abolished by silencing SIRT6. RNA-seq screening identified the forkhead box C1 (

The skeletal system, which contains bones, joints, tendons, ligaments and other elements, plays a wide variety of roles in body shaping, support and movement, protection of internal organs, production of blood cells and regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism. The prevalence of skeletal diseases and disorders, such as osteoporosis and bone fracture, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration, increases with age, causing pain and loss of mobility and creating a huge social and economic burden globally. Focal adhesions (FAs) are macromolecular assemblies that are composed of the extracellular matrix (ECM), integrins, intracellular cytoskeleton and other proteins, including kindlin, talin, vinculin, paxillin, pinch, Src, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and integrin-linked protein kinase (ILK) and other proteins. FA acts as a mechanical linkage connecting the ECM and cytoskeleton and plays a key role in mediating cell-environment communications and modulates important processes, such as cell attachment, spreading, migration, differentiation and mechanotransduction, in different cells in skeletal system by impacting distinct outside-in and inside-out signaling pathways. This review aims to integrate the up-to-date knowledge of the roles of FA proteins in the health and disease of skeletal system and focuses on the specific molecular mechanisms and underlying therapeutic targets for skeletal diseases.