BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in health behaviors and dietary habits between the metabolically healthy group and the metabolically abnormal group in overweight and obese subjects based on the data of National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES). METHODS: Using the NHANES data (2007–2010), a total of 18,188 subjects were grouped into the metabolically healthy group and the abnormal group using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) definition. Then we compared their health behaviors, dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes after adjustment for variables in overweight and obese groups. RESULTS: The proportion of metabolic abnormalities tended to increase with increasing age in both overweight and obesity groups.(P for trend <0.001) After adjusting various confounding variables, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of skipping any meal and breakfast for metabolically abnormality were 1.318 (1.066–1.631) and 1.354 (1.076–1.705) in male obese group and those of skipping breakfast and carbonated drink intake were 1.578 (1.168–2.133) and 1.540 (1.188–2.492) in female obese group. Daily potassium intake (P=0.032) and daily vitamin C intake (P=0.048) in the male overweight group and daily water intake (P=0.046) and daily carbohydrate intake (P=0.038) in the female overweight group were associated with metabolically abnormality. CONCLUSIONS: There were differences in health behaviors and nutrient intake according to metabolically abnormality in overweight and obese groups.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Adult ; Ascorbic Acid ; Breakfast ; Carbonated Beverages ; Cholesterol ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Drinking ; Education ; Female ; Food Habits ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity* ; Odds Ratio ; Overweight* ; Potassium

BACKGROUND: Topical anesthetics, such as eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream, can be applied to reduce pain before minor procedure. This trial evaluated EMLA as pretreatment for facial lacerations and compared pain, discomfort and overall satisfaction. METHODS: This trial included consecutive emergency department patients > or =16 years of age who presented with simple facial lacerations. At triage, lacerations were allotted to either the routine processing group or EMLA pretreatment group according to date of admission. Initially, the emergency department doctors inspected each laceration, which were dressed with saline-soaked gauze. In the pretreatment group, EMLA cream was applied during wound inspection. The plastic surgeon then completed primary closure following the local injection of an anesthetic. After the procedure, all patients were given a questionnaire assessing pain using the 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) ("no pain" to "worst pain"). All questionnaires were collected by the emergency department nurse before discharge. RESULTS: Fifty patients were included in the routine processing group, and fifty patients were included in the EMLA pretreatment group. Median age was 39.9 years, 66% were male, and the average laceration was 2.67 cm in length. The EMLA pretreatment group reported lower pain scores in comparison with the routine processing group (2.4 vs. 4.5 on VAS, P<0.05), and lower discomfort scores during the procedure (2.0 vs. 3.3, P=0.60). Overall satisfaction was significantly higher in the EMLA pretreatment group (7.8 vs. 6.1, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pretreating facial lacerations with EMLA topical cream aids patients by reducing pain and further enhancing overall satisfaction during laceration treatment.
Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Local ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Lacerations* ; Male ; Triage ; Visual Analog Scale ; Wounds and Injuries ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.

As in other countries, type 2 diabetes is major health concern in Korea. A dramatic increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its chronic complications has led to an increase in health costs and economic burdens. Early detection of high risk individuals, hidden diabetic patients, and improvement in the quality of care for the disease are the first steps to mitigate the increase in prevalence. The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association revised and updated the '3rd Clinical Practice Guidelines' at the end of 2010. In the guidelines, the committee recommended active screening of high risk individuals for early detection and added the hemoglobin A1c level to the diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes based on clinical studies performed in Korea. Furthermore, the committee members emphasized that integrating patient education and self-management is an essential part of care. The drug treatment algorithm based on the degree of hyperglycemia and patient characteristics were also updated.
Committee Membership ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Health Care Costs ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Patient Education as Topic ; Prevalence ; Self Care

As in other countries, type 2 diabetes is major health concern in Korea. A dramatic increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its chronic complications has led to an increase in health costs and economic burdens. Early detection of high risk individuals, hidden diabetic patients, and improvement in the quality of care for the disease are the first steps to mitigate the increase in prevalence. The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association revised and updated the '3rd Clinical Practice Guidelines' at the end of 2010. In the guidelines, the committee recommended active screening of high risk individuals for early detection and added the hemoglobin A1c level to the diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes based on clinical studies performed in Korea. Furthermore, the committee members emphasized that integrating patient education and self-management is an essential part of care. The drug treatment algorithm based on the degree of hyperglycemia and patient characteristics were also updated.
Committee Membership ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Health Care Costs ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Patient Education as Topic ; Prevalence ; Self Care

The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association revised and updated the '3rd Clinical Practice Guidelines' at the end of 2010. In these guidelines, the committee recommends active screening of high risk individuals for early detection and added HbA1c level as a diagnostic criterion of type 2 diabetes to produce a more practical approach based on clinical studies performed in Korea. Furthermore, committee members emphasize that integrated patient education for self-management is an essential part of patient care. The drug treatment algorithm was also updated based on the degree of hyperglycemia and patient characteristics.
Committee Membership ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Patient Care ; Patient Education as Topic ; Self Care

PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of 2 injection methods of lidocaine during a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy for pain control and complication rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent a TRUS-guided prostate biopsy from March 2005 to March 2006. One hundred patients were categorized into two groups based on injection method. For group 1, 10 mL of 1% lidocaine was injected bilaterally at the junction of the seminal vesicle and prostate and for group 2, into Denonvilliers' fascia. Pain scores using a visual analog scale (VAS) as well as immediate and delayed complication rates were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean VAS score showed no significant differences between the groups (group 1, 3.4+/-1.78; group 2, 2.8+/-1.3; p = 0.062). The difference in delayed complication rates and incidence of hematuria, hemospermia, and blood via the rectum was not significant between groups. However, two patients in group 1 complained of symptoms immediately after local anesthesia; one of tinnitus and the other of mild dizziness. CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences between pain control and complication rates between the 2 lidocaine injection methods. However, injection into Denonvilliers' fascia is thought to have less potential risk.
Anesthesia, Local ; Biopsy ; Dizziness ; Fascia ; Hematuria ; Hemospermia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine ; Nerve Block ; Prostate ; Rectum ; Retrospective Studies ; Seminal Vesicles ; Tinnitus

Surgical site infection is one of the most common hospital infections and surgical complications. Appropriate administration of prophylactic antibiotics is, therefore, important to reduce surgical site infection rate. The use of prophylactic antibiotics in Korea tends to be too long and clinical confirmation of safe reduction of oral antibiotics use is mandatory. This is a preliminary report on the results of reducing oral antibiotics from 5 to 2 days in clean plastic surgery patients. Patients who underwent clean operation under local anesthesia between June 2008 and December 2008 were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups, and they received oral antibiotics for 2(group O2) or 5(group O5) days. Complication rates, related expenses, and patients' complaints regarding the medication were compared between the two groups, considering the intravenous antibiotics use. There was no significant systemic or infection-related complication. An overall complication rates were 2.8% in group O2, 4.8% in group O5. All the complications were regional and required no surgical intervention. There were no significant differences between total(p=0.72), intravenous antibiotics administered patients(p=0.08), and intravenous antibiotics non-administered patients(p=1.00). Oral antibiotics could safely be reduced to 2 days in clean plastic surgery excluding intravenous antibiotics.
Anesthesia, Local ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cross Infection ; Humans ; Korea ; Surgery, Plastic ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

PURPOSE: Tight junction proteins are either over-expressed or suppressed in some cancers. These suppressions of claudin-1 and ZO-1 protein are known to have a significant relationship with the progression of breast cancer. The authors reviewed 42 cases of breast cancer and the staining status of claudin-1 and ZO-1 in order to evaluate Claudin-1 and ZO-1 as clinicopathologic risk factors. METHODS: Immunohistological staining for Claudin-1 and ZO-1 was performed in 42 post-operative pathologically diagnosed infiltrating duct carcinoma specimens. The rate of expression was compared with the clinical record, the pathological diagnosis, the estrogen receptor and progesteron receptor status and the c-erbB2 gene to evaluate the protein expression-breast cancer progression relationship and to investigate the expressions of Claudin-1 and ZO-1 as a prognostic factors in breast cancer. RESULTS: The claudin-1 and ZO-1 expressions were both decreased in all the post-operative specimens. The claudin-1 expressions were significantly decreased 100%, 82.4% and 66.7% as the histologic grade increased. The ZO-1 expressions were shown in 44.8% of the lymph node metastasis negative group and in 7.7% of the lymph node positive group. The expression of ZO-1 decreased by 53.3%, 28.6% and 0%, with statistical significance, as the stage increased. CONCLUSION: The claudin-1 expressions were decreased in the poorly differentiated group, i.e., a high histologic grade, and the ZO-1 expressions were decreased in the lymph node positive group and in the high stage cancer. This shows the possibility of Claudin-1 and ZO-1 as factors for tumorigenesis and progression and as prognostic factors in breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinogenesis ; Claudin-1* ; Diagnosis ; Estrogens ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Risk Factors ; Staphylococcal Protein A* ; Tight Junction Proteins ; Tight Junctions

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous pneumothorax patients with blebs or bullae are considered to be good candidates for operation, and various objective diagnostic modalities have been performed for detection of blebs and bullae. This study was performed to compare the efficacy of thoracoscopic examination with using a minimally invasive 2 mm thoracoscope with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for treating primary spontaneous pneumothorax. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From June 2001 to March 2002, 34 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax underwent study with 2 mm video-thoracoscopic examination and HRCT. We regarded a bleb larger than 5 mm in diameter as significant. Standard thoracoscopic wedge resection was performed in 18 patients with significant bleb via a 2 mm video-thoracoscopic examination. 1 patient incurred bleeding, and the remaining 15 patients were treated with pleural drainage. RESULT: Multiple or single bleb lesions were detected by 2 mm video-thoracoscope in 52.9% (18/34) of the patients with primary pneumothorax. For a total of 19 patients who were operated on, the diagnostic accuracy of the 2 mm video-thoracoscopic examination for bullae and bleb was 94.7% (18/19), which was superior to that of HRCT (73.7%, 14/19). At a mean follow-up of 30+/-3 months, no recurrence occurred in both the operative group and the non-operative group. CONCLUSION: 2 mm video-thoracoscopic examination under local anesthesia has higher diagnostic accuracy than HRCT, and it is a useful alternative for determining the operative indications for spontaneous pneumothorax.
Anesthesia, Local ; Blister ; Drainage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Pneumothorax ; Recurrence ; Thoracoscopes ; Thoracoscopy