In this study, renal biopsy specimens from 150 cases of IgA nephropathy were studied with light-and electron microscopically. Histological lesions from minimal change to diffuse mesangial proliferation were observed. According to the degree of the renal lesions, the 150 cases were divided into 6 subtypes. Proliferation of mesangial matrix was found to be the striking ultrastructural alteration, which often appeared as focal segmental or global proliferation of mesangial cells, as well as marked increase in mesangial matrix. Electron-dense deposits were largely localized in mesangial matrix and in suben dothelial regions. However, no positive correlation could be seen between the number of the deposits and the degree of the lesions.

Peroxisomes (microbodies) were studied with CATase, G-6-Pase, TPPase, CMPase cytochemistry and stereology by electron microscopy in 15 cases of normal human liver specimens. In human hepatocytes peroxisomes are ellipsoid or round intracellular bodies. They contain homogeneous fine granular matrix, and surrounded by unit membrane, and distribute randomly in the cytoplasm. By stereological analysis, the peroxisomes accounted for 1.33?0.38% of the cytoplasmic volume, their numerical density in spase was 9.76?1.63/100 ?m~3 cytoplasm, and the ratio of mitochondria to peroxisomes in quantity was 6.22?1.17. The result of G-6-Pase cytochemistry showed no luminal connection between endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes. The membrane similar to smooth endoplasmic reticulum seem to be connected with peroxisomes which was G-6-Pase negative, hence such membrane may be peroxisomal membrane system rather than smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The TPPase cytochemistry showed that peroxisomes did not connect with the Golgi complex structurally, and the Golgi complex may not be involved in the biogenesis of peroxisomes. Some figures resembled fission and budding of peroxisomes were viewed, and this finding suggested that new peroxisomes formed probably by division of preexisting peroxisomes.

The human atrial muscle cells were investigated by ultrastructural CMPase cytochemistry and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) immunocytochemistry. The primary lysosomes and ANF were labelled by these techniques, respectively. ANF was localized in the atrial specific granules, these granules were similar in size and 0.20? 0.051?m in diameter, distributed over the entire cytoplasm, preferentially being located in the subsarcolemmal and perinuclear region and forming clusters. Primary lysosomes were various in size, 0.30?0.191?m in diameter, significantly larger than atrial specific granules (P

Two cases of Paneth's cell adenoma of the stomach are reported and their morphological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and immunocytochemical features are described. Both surgical specimens showed varied dysplasia with severe atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. 60%-70% of the tumor cells contained coarse eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules that are PAS positive but unstained by alcian blue at pH 2.5, and exhibited positive antiserum immunoreaction for ly-sozyme. The Paneth's nature of these granules was confirmed by electron microscopy and immunoelec-tron microscopy. In addition, some endocrine cells were detected in the neoplastic glands. The characteristics of Paneth's cell adenoma of the stomach are discussed and a close relationship between the histogenesis and intestinal metaplasia is suggested.

Tissue engineering is a discipline involving both materials science, engineering and life science. It has found successful application in Bioartificial renal tubule assist device RAD which is still under development. Experiments have proved that RAD can serve as renal tubule to perform its transport, metabolic and endocrine functions in patients with acute or chronic renal failure.
Animals ; Bioartificial Organs ; Cell Transplantation ; Cells, Cultured ; Kidney Tubules ; cytology ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Renal Insufficiency ; therapy ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; instrumentation ; Swine ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

Objective To further clarify the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic features, and prognostic aspect of a rare esophageal carcinoma, i.e., basaloid squamous carcinoma (BSC).Methods The archival materials of 763 cases of esophageal malignancies (1977-1996) from the Dept. of Pathology, General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, PLA, were reviewed and sixteen cases (2.1%) of BSC were detected. The clinical and pathological features of these cases were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry (S-P method), histochemical staining, and electron microscope were utilized to further characterize the neoplasm.Results There were 9 males and 7 females, with a mean age of 58 years. The tumors were classified as stage Ⅰ (n=1), stage ⅡA (n=6), stage ⅡB (n=2), stage Ⅲ (n=5), and stage Ⅳ (n=2) according to the criteria of the UICC TNM classification system of malignant tumors (1987). Most neoplasms in our series were located in the middle third of the esophagus. Grossly, they had an appearance similar to that of conventional esophageal carcinoma. Histologically, they showed a typical cytoarchitectural pattern of BSC. The most important histologic feature of this tumor was that the carcinoma had a basaloid pattern, intimately associated with squamous cell carcinoma, dysplasia, or focal squamous differentiation. The basaloid cells were round or oval in shape with scant cytoplasm. The nuclei showed pleomorphism, hyperchromatin, and numerous mitotic figures. The basaloid cells were arranged mainly in the form of solid, smooth-contoured lobules with peripheral palisading. Comedo necrosis in the islands of basaloid cells, small cystic spaces containing Alcian blue or PAS positive material, and PAS positive hyalinized stroma were frequently found. A panel of immunostains were used for the basaloid component of the tumor with the following results: cytokeratin (Pan),14/16 (+); epithelial membrane antigen, 16/16 (+); Vimentin, 4/16 (+); S-100 protein, 7/16 (+). Carcinoembryonic antigen and smooth muscle actin were negative. Electron microscopic (EM) study of 7 cases revealed that the basaloid cells are poorly differentiated, with a few desmosomes and fibrils and numerous free and polyribosome. The microcystic and intertrabecular spaces identified by light microscopy were seen under EM to be lined by basal membranes and filled with either loose reduplicated or compact globoid basal lamina showing fingerprint-like pattern. Of the 11 cases with adequate follow-up, 8 cases died within 2 years, the average survival time being 16.2 months. No cases of stages Ⅱ, Ⅲ, or Ⅳ survived beyond 5 years. The one-year survival rate was 60% and two-year 20%.Conclusion It is indicated that the BSC of the esophagus is a distinct clinicopathological entity with poor prognosis. The cellular differentiation and biologic behavior of the esophageal BSC were assumed to be situated between those of conventional squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma.

AIM: To investigate the correlation between erythrocyte immune function and serum erythropoietin(EPO)and plasma endothelin-1(ET-1)in patients with angle-closure glaucoma.

METHODS: Totally 30 patients with angle-closure glaucoma(case group)and 30 normal eyes(control group)were selected from our hospital from June 2017 to October 2017. The erythrocyte immune function, serum EPO and plasma ET-1 levels were measured and compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The rosette rate of erythrocyte C3b receptor in the case group was significantly lower than that in the control group(10.81%±2.01% vs 18.06%±3.44%), the rosette rate of erythrocyte immune complex was significantly higher than that in the control group(17.21%±3.49% vs 11.74%±2.14%), the serum EPO concentration was significantly higher than that in the control group(26.10%±5.22mU/mL vs 22.68%±4.06mU/mL), and the plasma ET-1 concentration was significantly higher than that in the control group(70.85%±7.16ng/L vs 58. 43±5.09ng/L). The rosette rate of erythrocyte C3b receptor in patients with angle-closure glaucoma was positively correlated with serum EPO concentration(r=0.271, P<0.05), but not with plasma ET-1 concentration.

CONCLUSION: There is a positive correlation between erythrocyte immune function and serum EPO concentration in patients with angle-closure glaucoma.

Atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APA) is an uncommon type of polypoid characterized by fibroid stroma and endometrial glands. It occurs mostly in premenopausal women and rarely in postmenopausal women with irregular vaginal bleeding. In our current case, a 76-year-old woman presented with irregular vaginal bleeding. The final pathological diagnosis of the mass was APA. APA is not easy to diagnose before surgery. On the one hand, there was no obvious particularity in imaging features and clinical features, especially for uncomfortably identifying endometrial cancer. On the other hand, APA has a pedicle, attaching to any part of the uterine cavity, which can cause pseudocoel between the mass with the uterine cavity wall. So, when it comes to getting the pathological tissue in the absence of hysteroscopy, it is easy to access to the pseudocoel and obtain endometrial tissue rather than the pathological tissue of the mass. Therefore, preoperative imaging examination is of great significance diagnosis way of thinking to clinicians for APA. In the meantime, pathological tissue of APA can be obtained by hysteroscopy in visual conditions.
Adenomyoma/pathology* ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Hysteroscopy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pregnancy ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Uterine Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging*

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of hyperthermia on expressions of multidrug resistance (MDR) genes in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tca8113 and its MDR cell line Tca8113/CBDEA and intracellular ADM concentration.

METHODSCell lines were hyperthermia-treated (42 degrees C for 0.5 h), 4 h and 24 h later real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detected expressions of MDR relative genes (MDR1, MRPI, GST-pi) and HTS 7000 Plus Bio Assay Reader measured intracellular ADM concentration.

RESULTSExpressions of MDR1, MRPI, GST-'pi genes in Tca8113/CBDEA significantly descended at 4 h and 24 h post-hyperthermia (P < 0.01). Expressions of MDR1, MRP1 genes in Tca8113 significantly descended at 4 h and 24 h post-hyperthermia (P < 0.05), but there was not statistical difference between 4 h and 24 h post-hyperthermia. GST-pi expression had not statistical descent at 4 h, but there was significantly descend at 24 h post-hyperthermia (P < 0.01). Drug tolerance decreased and hyperthermia increased intracellular drug concentration in Tca8113/CBDEA and Tca8113 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHyperthermia enhance chemotherapy effect and reverse MDR genes expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line. It is suggested that hyperthermia could be used as a method to overcome MDR, which is worth more investigation.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene 677C to T polymorphism with blood homocysteine (Hcy) level among women of childbearing age from Shiyan area.

METHODSPCR-chip hybridization was used to determine the genotype of MTHFR 677C to T, and a biochemical assay was used to determine the total Hcy level among 428 healthy women of childbearing age. Association of MTHFR 677C to T with total Hcy level was assessed.

RESULTSHeterozygous CT mutation was most common form for the MTHFR 677C to T polymorphisms and amounted for 49.77% among the group, while the CC wild type and homozygous TT mutation respectively accounted for 30.61% and 19.63%. These gave a frequency of 44.51% for the 677T allele. The dominant genotype among different age groups were the CT type. Of note, the proportion of MTHFR 677CC is higher in women above 30 years of age. The distribution of MTHFR 677C to T genotypes has differed significantly among different age groups (P<0.05). Compared with those with wild type alleles, carriers of MTHFR mutations had a higher plasma Hcy level. The genotypic frequencies of MTHFR C677T in Shiyan region differed significantly from those of Sichuan, Hebei, Henan and Shandong (P<0.05) but were similar to those of Jiangsu, Guangdong, Ningxia and Xinjiang.

CONCLUSIONThe distribution of MTHFR C677T polymorphism among women of childbearing age in Shiyan area is influenced by age and is geographically specific and associated with plasma Hcy level. Nearly 50% of women have carried the high risk alleles, for whom folic acid supplementation is crucial for the reduction of birth defect rate.