Abstract: Objective　To analyze the serotype distribution, drug resistance rate and drug resistance gene carrying of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in hospitalized patients, and evaluate the coverage of the vaccine to the serotype of Streptococcus pneumoniae in this area, so as to provide reference for the rational use of antibiotics in clinic. Methods　A total of 150 strains of non-repetitive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from inpatients from January 2015 to December 2019 were collected for serotyping and antimicrobial sensitivity test. The carrying rates of pbp2b, ermB and tetM were detected by PCR. Results　The PCR classification rate of 150 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae was 93.1%, and the classification rate of capsular swelling test was 100%, and a total of 19 serotypes were divided, mainly 19F and 6B. Children's serotypes were predominantly 19F, 6B, and 15A; adult serotypes were predominantly 19F, 14, and 23F. The coverage rates of the PCV7, PCV10, PCV13 and PPV23 vaccines were 36.8%, 42.1%, 57.9% and 68.4%, respectively. Strains with serotypes of 19F, 6B, 3, and 23F had higher rates of resistance to antimicrobials. The sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin was greater than 96.0%. Antimicrobials with significant differences in resistance rates between invasive and non-invasive strains were penicillin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin. The percentage of strains carrying both ermB and tetM resistance genes was 96.0%, and the concordance rate between pbp2b, ermB and tetM resistance genes and the resistance phenotype was >98.0%. A total of 10 multi-resistance combinations were detected, with a multi-resistance rate of 62.6%, and the multi-drug resistance pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae was mainly concentrated in the 19F and 6B serotypes. Conclusion　There are significant age differences in the serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in this area. The vaccine currently used has low coverage in this region and therefore offer limited protection to the population. The drug resistance rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae varied significantly among serotypes. Erythromycin and tetracycline are not recommended for clinical treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Penicillin can still be used as the first choice for clinical treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.

The infection status of anisakid larvae was examined in 290 marine fish of 25 species and in 108 cephalopods of 3 species purchased in Bayuquan region, Yingko city nearby the coast of the Bohai Sea from may to August 1992. A total of 7,327 larvae were collected from 156 fish of 19 species and 8 squids of one species. The 3rd-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex were collected from 121 fish (63.4%) of 15 species (N = 191) and from 8 squids (14.8%) of one species (N = 54), and they were total, 5,992 (81.8%). Out of remaining 1,335 larvae, 154 (2.1%) were classified as Thynnascaris type B from 23 fish of 4 species, 1,013 (13.8%) as Thynnascaris type C from 79 fish of 13 species. 164 (2.2%) as Hysterothylacium China type V from 20 fish of 4 species, 3 (0.04%) as Raphidascaris from 3 fish of 2 species and one was Pseudoterranova decipiens larva.
Animal ; Anisakiasis/veterinary* ; Anisakiasis/parasitology ; Anisakiasis/epidemiology ; Anisakis/isolation & purification ; Anisakis/classification* ; China ; Fish Diseases/parasitology* ; Fish Diseases/epidemiology ; Fishes ; Larva ; Seawater ; Squid/parasitology*

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of alternative splicing form -MAD2beta of mitotic arrest deficient protein 2 (MAD2) on the formation of multidrug resistance in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell SGC7901.

METHODSRNA was extracted from a multidrug resistance cell line SGC7901/ADR. The full-length MAD2beta cDNA was obtained by RT-PCR and cloned into the pUCm-T vector, and then recombined into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 in forward direction. Subsequently, pcDNA3.1/MAD2beta vectors were then transfected into SGC7901 cells by lipofectamine. Sensitivity to drug was detected by MTT assay. Cell cycle alteration and intracellular fluorescence intensity were determined by FACS.

RESULTSA fragment of 0.53 Kb was obtained and confirmed by DNA sequencing which was a new alternative splicing form of MAD2 named as MAD2beta. pcDNA3.1/MAD2beta transfected SGC7901 cells (SGC7901/MAD2beta) were more resistant to ADR, VCR and MMC than the control cells (SGC7901/pcDNA3.1), and also ADR fluorescence intensity of SGC7901/MAD2beta cells was lower (P < 0.05) than that of SGC7901/pcDNA3.1 cells.

CONCLUSIONMAD2beta could increase the multidrug resistance of SGC7901 cell line.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Alternative Splicing ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Humans ; Mad2 Proteins ; Mitomycin ; pharmacology ; Repressor Proteins ; Smad2 Protein ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Trans-Activators ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection ; Vincristine ; pharmacology

The present study investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnetic fields on the synaptic ultrastructure of hippocampal formation of rats at different postnatal development stages. Pregnant rats with gestation of 12-18 days were exposed to the magnetic fields used for MRI clinical applications. When the offspring were 1, 2, or 5-month-old, the synaptic morphologic parameters were measured in female offspring. In the 2-month-old MRI group, the curvature of synaptic interface, the length of active zone and the surface density per unit volume (S(v)) of active zone in the dentate gyrus (DG) decreased significantly, and the width of synaptic cleft increased in the CA1 area. In the 5-month-old MRI group, the width of synaptic cleft increased, the thickness of postsynaptic density and the curvature of synaptic interface decreased significantly in the CA1 region, and the width of synaptic cleft increased in the DG. No significant change was observed in the 1-month-old group. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to the medical magnetic fields causes synaptic ultrastructural changes. The relationship of these changes with behavioral impairments was discussed.
Animals ; Female ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; adverse effects ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synapses ; pathology

Objective:To investigate the detection rate of pulmonary nodules (PN) by CT scan at different doses and the application value of artificial intelligence(AI) system assistance.Methods:From October 2019 to October 2021, 210 patients with PN in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, were retrospectively selected, and they were divided into the study group (106 cases) and the control group (104 cases) by CT scan at different doses. The control group used the conventional average dose (169 mAs) CT scan, the study group used an average low-dose (54 mAs) CT scan. The PN detection rate of different gender, age, body mass index (BMI) between the two groups were compared. The morphological characteristics, radiation dose, CT image quality between the two groups were compared. The diagnostic efficiency of radiologists and AI system was compared.Results:The detection rate of PN in the study group and the control group had no significant difference: 73.58% (78/106) vs. 80.77%(84/104), χ2 = 1.54, P>0.05. The detection rate of PN with different gender, age group and BMI in the two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05). The diameter of nodules and the rates of calcification, cavitation, bronchial sign, lobar sign, burr sign and pleural adhesion sign in the two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05). The mean effective tubular bulb dose, length product of radiation dose, total tubular bulb dose, radiation volume dose index in the study group were higher than those in the control group: (46.15 ± 7.38) mAs vs. (104.39 ± 10.53) mAs, (169.24 ± 19.77) mGy·cm vs. (427.17 ± 43.58) mGy·cm, (972.65 ± 58.34) mAs vs. (2 861.26 ± 181.37) mAs, (3.55 ± 1.16) mGy vs. (8.95 ± 2.07) mGy, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The excellent, good, acceptable, poor of 1.0 mm image quality in the study group were 26, 60, 18, 2, and in the control group were 32, 64, 8, 0, there was statistical difference ( u =1.71, P = 0.087). The excellent, good, acceptable, poor of maximum intensity projection (MIP) image quality in the study group were 58, 42, 6, 0 and in the control group were 70, 34, 0, 0, there was statistical difference ( u = 1.81, P = 0.070). The detection rate of PN by AI low-dose CT scan was higher than that of radiologists: 88.68%(94/106) vs. 73.58%(78/106), there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 7.89, P = 0.005). Conclusions:The low-dose CT chest scans for PN, the results of detection rate, morphological characteristics, CT image quality are basically the same as those of conventional-dose CT chest scans, and can greatly reduce the radiation dose, which is more suitable for PN screening, and combined with AI system can significantly improve the detection rate of PN.

OBJECTIVETo develop a new technique of bilateral angiography in a single radial access (BASiRalA) which can reduce a puncture site.

METHODSFrom March 2011 to February 2012, 13 cases of coronary heart disease patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) were treated (6 CTOs in right coronary artery and 7 in left anterior descending artery). All patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via the right radial artery access and 6 F guiding catheters were delivered to the diseased artery. Once the wires crossed the CTO lesions and were uncertain if the wires were in true lumen or not, BASiRalA was performed. The Finecross microcatheters were advanced out of the 6 F guiding catheter, then withdraw 6F guiding catheter to the opening of diseased artery, the soft wires were manipulated into the middle portion of opposite coronary artery. After that, the microcatheters were advanced to this segment or the branches relative to the collateral vessels connected with CTOs. After pulling out the wires, microcatheter injections can be performed for contralateral angiography. BASiRalA related complications were observed after the procedure.

RESULTSBASiRalA technique was applied to 13 CTOs and 10 procedures succeeded (76.92%). BASiRalA failed in 3 cases and the wires and microcatheters could not be advanced to the opposite coronary arteries within 20 minutes. Alternatively, contralateral angiography via femoral arteries was performed in these 3 patients. The average time of BASiRalA technique was 7 (5 - 13) minutes and the shortest time of wires crossing to the opposite coronary artery was 5 seconds. There was no procedure induced complication during procedure or post procedure.

CONCLUSIONBASiRalA technique is feasible in treating CTO patients by PCI.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Cardiac Catheterization ; methods ; Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Coronary Occlusion ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radial Artery ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors and angiographic features of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in women below 50 years of age.

METHODSA total of 131 women with ACS aged 50 years or younger were enrolled in this study as the case group, with another 425 women aged below 50 years with normal coronary angiographic findings as the control group. The risk factors and clinical and coronary angiographic features of ACS were analyzed.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, significantly higher frequencies of dyslipidemia, hypertension (especially diastolic hypertension), diabetes, or a positive family history for coronary artery disease (CAD) were found in ACS group (P<0.05) . The proportion of post-menopausal women and the menopausal ages were similar between the two groups (P>0.05), but the mean diastolic pressure was significantly higher in ACS group than in the control group (P<0.05). Among the menopausal women, the conventional risk factors for ACS were similar between the two groups with the exception of family history CAD, which was more frequent in ACS group. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in ACS group than in the control group (P<0.05), but the levels of high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were comparable between them. Positive findings of urine protein were more frequent in ACS group. In ACS group, 54.2% of the patients had a single diseased artery, 29.6% had more than one diseased artery, and 16.0% had slightly diseased or even normal coronary arteries; the lesion was found most commonly in the left anterior descending artery.

CONCLUSIONIn women with ACS below 50 years of age, the risk factors of ACS included the conventional risk factors of CAD and a positive finding of urine protein. Menopause is not associated with an increased incidence of ACS. A substantial portion of these ACS patients can have slightly diseased and even normal coronary arteries.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; Dyslipidemias ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVEto explore the feasibility of percutaneous recanalization by retrograde approach via epicardial collaterals.

METHODSretrograde percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via epicardial collaterals was performed in 5 patients with previously failed antegrade PCI from April 2009 to November 2009. 7 F guiding catheters were engaged in donor artery. Hydrophilic wires and microcatheters were crossed to the distal ends of chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions via epicardial collaterals. Four retrograde wires were exchanged into stiffer wires and further crossed the CTO, eventually went into the 6 F antegrade guiding catheters and were jailed by a 2.5 mm balloon. After dilatations of retrograde balloons, the lesions were crossed by antegrade wires, and finalized by conventional PCI method. One case was recanalized with retrograde wire trapping technique and another case was recanalized by reverse CART technique.

RESULTSthe epicardial collaterals were reached from left anterior descending branch (LAD) to distal right coronary artery (RCA) via apex in 3 patients, from left circumflex branch via left atrium branch to posterior descending artery and RCA in 1 patient and from obtuse marginal artery to diagonal artery and LAD in 1 patient. CTO was successfully recanalized and stents were implanted in 4 patients and failed in 1 patient despite successful wire positioning to the distal end of CTO. There was no procedure-induced cardiovascular event in all cases.

CONCLUSIONSepicardial collaterals may not be used as a routine route in retrograde approach PCI due to the potential risk of myocardial rupture and pericardial tamponade. In some cases with unavailable or unsuitable septal collaterals, epicardial collaterals may be used as an alternative route for CTO recanalization.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; methods ; Arteriosclerosis Obliterans ; therapy ; Collateral Circulation ; Coronary Artery Disease ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by myofibroblast foci in lung parenchyma.Myofibroblasts are thought to originate from epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).Wnt1 and lithium chloride (LiCl) induce EMT in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs),but the mechanisms are unclear.AECs were treated with Wnt1 and LiCl,respectively;morphological change and molecular changes of EMT,including E-cadherin,fibronectin,and vimentin,were observed.SB203580 was administrated to test the role of p38 MAPK signaling in EMT.Then AECs were treated with siRNAs targeting p38 MAPK to further test the effects of p38 MAPK,and the role was further confirmed by re-expression of p38 MAPK.At last β-catenin siRNA was used to test the role of β-catenin in the EMT process and relationship of β-catenin and p38 MAPK was concluded.Exposure of AECs to Wnt1 and LiCl resulted in upregulation of vimentin and fibronectin with subsequent downregulation of E-cadherin.Wnt1 and LiCl stimulated the p38 MAPK signaling pathways.Perturbing the p38 MAPK pathway either by SB203580 or through p38 MAPK siRNA blocked EMT and inhibited fibronetin synthesis,which were reversed by transfection of p38 MAPK expression plasmid.β-catenin siRNA attenuated the EMT process and decreased p38 MAPK phosphorylation,indicating that β-catenin is involved in the EMT-related changes through regulation of p38 MAPK phosphorylation.These findings suggest that p38 MAPK participates in the pathogenesis of EMT through Wnt pathway and that p38 MAPK may be a novel target for IPF therapy.

OBJECTIVESTo analyze the frequency and the clinical and virological features of HBeAg-negative and HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B.

METHODSFour hundred and seventeen chronic hepatitis B patients, 286 males and 131 females seen in our center were studied. Liver biopsies were taken from 83 patients.

RESULTSThe cases with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B were 241 (57.8%), with an average age of 43.7+/-10.8 and a history of 16.8+/-8.5 years. HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B cases were 176 (42.2%), with an average age of 36.95+/-11 and a history of 12.3+/-8.0 years. HBeAg-negative patients were significantly older (P < 0.01) in age and had a longer disease history. ALT levels and the percentage of HBV DNA were higher than 10(5) copies/ml in HBeAg-negative patients and were significantly lower than those in the HBeAg-positive patients [(37.66+/-32.93) U/L vs. (82.09+/-107.57) U/L, 38.2% vs. 94.3%, P < 0.01]. Liver biopsies from 47 HBeAg-negative patients showed that the number of cases with inflammation scores of G1, G2, G3 and G4 were 5, 27, 14, 1 and the number of cases with fibrosis scores of S1, S2, S3 and S4 were 10, 12, 5, 20, respectively. In the 36 HBeAg-negative patients the respective number of cases with inflammation scores of G1, G2, G3 and G4 were 5, 14, 15, 2, and with fibrosis scores of S1, S2, S3, S4 were 8, 12, 6, 10. Although histopathological inflammation and fibrosis scores had no statistical difference between HBeAg-negative and positive patients (P > 0.05), 53.2% patients of HBeAg-negative group and 44.5% patients of HBeAg-positive group had a fibrosis score of >or= S3.

CONCLUSIONDespite lower serum ALT and HBV DNA, HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B still has a significant disease progression. This observation may help to develop better clinical management in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients.

Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged