OBJECTIVETo establish a surgical classification system for metastases of proximal femur and discuss the therapeutic strategy with retrospective analysis and literature review.

METHODSThe data of 99 patients who underwent a total of 102 operations for femoral metastatic lesions from January 2003 to December 2011 was analyzed. There were 50 males and 49 females, and the median age was 56 years (range 15-87 years). The most common diagnosis was lung cancer (30 cases), followed by breast cancer (17 cases). All femoral lesions were divided into 4 types (I-IV) with different anatomic site and biomechanic characteristic. The patients with various surgical reconstruction mode and postoperative follow-up data were recorded.

RESULTThere were 65 side who received widely or marginal resection and 37 side who received intralesional resection. The patients were operated with bipolar hip prosthesis (n = 3), ordinary total hip replacement (THR) (n = 10), bipolar tumor prosthesis (n = 48), THR with tumor prosthesis (n = 8), intramedullary nailing (n = 21), and plate/screw (n = 12). The estimated survival for the 99 patients was 10.3 months. Type I, II, III and IV patients with postoperative American Society of bone and soft tissue tumors-93 rating were 86.5%, 77.3%, 81.3% and 69.1%. Patients with type IV were worse compared with the other 3 groups (t = 4.763, P = 0.031). The 10 operations were followed by complications of any kind. Complication rate of patients with type IV were 3/12, and it was significantly higher than the other 3 groups of patients (χ(2) = 4.018, P = 0.045).

CONCLUSIONSThe classifications and corresponsive surgical methods for upper femur metastases had some superiority in hinting prognosis and guiding treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Female ; Femoral Neoplasms ; classification ; secondary ; surgery ; Femur ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of early enteral nutrition supplemented with immune nutrient on intestine immune function in mice with severe burn.

METHODSTwenty-four BALB/c mice were inflicted with 20% TBSA full-thickness scald, then they were randomly divided into EN(with oral administration of common enteral nutrition after 2 hours) and EIN (with oral administration of common enteral nutrition and glutamine, arginine after 2 hours) groups. Another 10 mice were used as the normal control (NC) group. The supplied energy ratio( carbohydrate: fat: protein)in former 2 groups was 82:3:15, and the ratio of energy to nitrogen was 150: 1. The energy requirement of each mouse was calculated according to 732.2 kJ x kg(-1) x d(-1), one third of the requirement was administrated on 1st day, and one half of it on 2nd day, and full energy requirement was started on the 3rd day,and the requirement was divided into 4-6 portions every day. The feed was isocaloric, isonitrogenous, and isovolumic for the 2 experimental groups. All mice were sacrificed and entire small intestine was harvested for determination of intestinal IgA level by ELISA, total Peyer's patches (PP) lymphocytes and their apoptosis ratio, and changes in PP lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD19+) on 7th day of the experiment.

RESULTSCompared with those in NC group [(4.5 +/- 0.6) x 10(6), (42 +/- 7) microg/cm, respectively], total PP lymphocytes and intestinal IgA levels in EN and EIN groups obviously decreased [(2.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(6), (35 +/- 6) microg/cm, (3.8 +/- 0. 5) x 10(6), (38 +/- 6), microg/cm, respectively, P < 0.05] , among which the values in EIN group were higher than EN group (P < 0.05). The changes in PP lymphocytes were similar to that of total PP lymphocytes. Compared with that in NC group [(4.8 +/- 2.1)%], the apoptosis ratio of PP lymphocytes in EN and EIN groups significantly increased [(12.7 +/- 2.4)%, (8.0 +/- 1.7)%, respectively, P < 0.05], however the ratio in EIN group was lower than that of EN group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSEarly enteral nutrition supplemented with immune nutrient can improve intestinal immune function in mice with severe burn.

Animals ; Burns ; immunology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Enteral Nutrition ; Intestine, Small ; immunology ; Intestines ; immunology ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

Prohibitin (PHB), an evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial inner membrane protein, is highly expressed in cells that require strong mitochondrial function. Recently, we demonstrated that the deletion of Phb in spermatocytes results in impaired mitochondrial function. In addition, PHB expression in the mitochondrial sheath of human sperm has a significantly negative correlation with mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels, but a positive one with mitochondrial membrane potential and sperm motility. These results suggest that mitochondrial PHB expression plays a role in sperm motility. However, the mechanism of PHB-mediated regulation of sperm motility remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that PHB interacts with protein kinase B (AKT) and exists in a complex with phospho-PHB (pT258) and phospho-AKT in the mitochondrial sheath of murine sperm, as determined using colocalization and coimmunoprecipitation assays. After blocking AKT activity using wortmannin (a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI3K] inhibitor), murine sperm have significantly ( P < 0.05) decreased levels of phospho-PHB (pT258) and the total and progressive motility. Furthermore, significantly ( P < 0.05) lower levels of phospho-PI3K P85 subunit α+γ (pY199 and pY467) and phospho-AKT (pS473; pT308) are found in sperm from infertile asthenospermic and oligoasthenospermic men compared with normospermic subjects, which suggest a reduced activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway in these infertile subjects. Importantly, these sperm from infertile subjects also have a significantly ( P < 0.05) lower level of phospho-PHB (pT258). Collectively, our findings suggest that the interaction of PHB with AKT in the mitochondrial sheath is critical for sperm motility, where PHB phosphorylation (pT258) level and PI3K/AKT activity are key regulatory factors.