With an objective to provide an experimental basis for scientific officinal of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus, this research uses UPLC-TQ/MS method to analyze 7 different kinds of lignan in 70 batches of Schisandra sphenantherae Fructus samples from 9 regions. The results showed that in the area south of Qinling mountains, Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus from Zhashui county and Shanyang county of Shangluo mainly contained schisantherin A and deoxyschizandrin. However, Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus from Mei county of Baoji, Shiquan county and Ningshan county of Ankang, and Lueyang county of Hanzhong, mainly contained anwuligan. Samples from Ningshan county also consists relatively high level of deoxyschizandrin. In the central area of Qinling mountains and the Daba mountains, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus from Nanzheng county of Hanzhong mainly contained schisanhenol and deoxyschizandrin. In conclusion, the kinds and level of lignan differ significantly in Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus produced in different regions. In practical application, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus produced in different regions should be distinguished and differently applied based on their main effective components corresponding to different diseases, which can lead to the best clinical use.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Lignans ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Schisandra ; chemistry

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a potential biomarker for joint destruction associated with osteoarthritis, which is first and best investigated biomarkers to reflect osteoarthritis occurs, progress and the prognosis. In this article, multiple uses and related reports of COMP are summarized briefly to promote further investigation of COMP.
Biomarkers ; blood ; Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; blood ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Glycoproteins ; blood ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Humans ; Matrilin Proteins ; Osteoarthritis ; blood ; diagnosis ; Prognosis

Multi-leaf collimators are devices to block rays from medical linear accelerators, which directly affect doses to targets and organs at risk by adjusting field shape and dose distribution in radiation therapy. As multi-leaf collimators are diversified in structure, there has been growing research on dosimetric comparison of various multi-leaf collimators. In this paper, we introduced the classifications of multi-leaf collimators according to their basic components, as well as the hardware structure and design features of the products of main accelerator manufacturers, including Varian’s Millennium MLC, HD120 MLC, and Halcyon, Elekta’s MLCi/i2 and Agility, and Accuray’s InCise 2 MLC and TomoTherapy. In terms of clinical application evaluation, focusing on radiotherapy plans for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, we reviewed comparative studies on the dosimetry performance of multi-leaf collimators and the effects of relevant parameters on dose distribution. We hope this review on the design and application evaluation of multi-leaf collimators can provide a reference for more innovative design and accelerator selection and parameter setting in clinical individualized treatment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of occupational lead exposure on lumbar vertebral fracture in exposed male workers.

METHODSOne hundred and fifty-two lead-exposed male workers in a storage battery plant in Shanghai were selected as the study population. The blood lead (BPb) and the urinary lead (UPb) were measured by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by the monophoton absorptiometry(SPA-4) and Z score was determined. Anteroposterior and lateral lumbar spinal X-ray films were taken to determine lumbar vertebral fracture.

RESULTSFor the occupationally lead-exposed workers, geometric mean of BPb was 0.85 (0.33 approximately 1.90) micromol/L, geometric mean of UPb was 4.84 (0.46 approximately 21.31) microg/g Cr, and the prevalence of lumbar vertebral fracture was 19.7%. The prevalence of lumbar vertebral fracture would increase with the increase of age and work year, but with no significantly statistical difference (P > 0.05). The bone mineral density (BMD) would decrease with the increase of BPb and UPb (P < 0.05). The prevalence of lumbar vertebral fracture would increase significantly with the increase of the lead exposure (P < 0.05) with the linear correlation (P < 0.05). The prevalence of lumbar vertebral fracture would increase significantly with the decrease of the bone mass (P < 0.01) with the linear correlation (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe occupational exposure to lead could cause the decrease of the bone mineral density and the increase of the prevalence of lumbar vertebral fracture. The development of lumbar vertebral fracture is associated with the decrease of bone mass.

Bone Density ; drug effects ; China ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Spinal Fractures ; X-Ray Film

OBJECTIVETo estimate the benchmark dose for osteoporosis caused by cadmium exposure in a Chinese general population with an epidemiological study.

METHODSThe inhabitants living in both cadmium polluted and non-polluted areas served as the exposure group and the control group. Urinary cadmium (UCd) and Blood cadmium (BCd) were used as exposure biomarkers while the Z score was used as effect biomarker for the osteoporosis.

RESULTSThe UCd and BCd in the habitants of the polluted areas were significantly higher than those in the habitants of the control area on average (P < 0.05) and the UCd and BCd in the habitants of the highly polluted areas were significantly higher than those in the habitants of the moderately polluted area on average (P < 0.05). The bone mineral density was significantly decreased in the groups of the highest UCd and BCd level compared with the 5 microg/g Cr group with the significant difference (P < 0.05). The morbidity of the osteoporosis would increase significantly with the increase of the cadmium exposure (P < 0.05) with the linear correlation (P < 0.05). BMDs were calculated using BMDS Version l.3.2 software and BMDLs were also determined. The BMDL of UCd for cadmium-induced osteoporosis was higher than those representing cadmium-induced renal dysfunction.

CONCLUSIONHigh level of cadmium exposure can induce osteoporosis, which occurs later than renal damage related to cadmium exposure. The BMD is a practical method.

Aged ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Cadmium ; adverse effects ; metabolism ; China ; epidemiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; chemically induced ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression and the role of PTX1 located at the amplified 12p12-p11 region in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR were applied to detect the expression level of PTX1 in 36 NPC and 8 chronic nasopharyngitis (NP) biopsies. RNAi vector targeting PTX1 was constructed and transfected into NPC cell line 6-10B. The RNAi effect was determined by detecting the expression level of PTX1 in transfected 6-10B cell line. Finally, the cell biological characteristics were compared between transfected 6-10B and parental 6-10B by analyzing the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis status using flow cytometry. RESULTS: RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR revealed that PTX1 gene was over-expressed in NPC tissues (P<0.05). PTX1 expression was suppressed in NPC cell line 6-10B by approximately 65% by RNAi, confirmed by RT-PCR. The depletion of PTX1 could effectively block the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of NPC cells. CONCLUSION Blocking the expression of PTX1 on mRNA level changed the characterization of NPC cell line 6-10B by RNAi, suggesting that PTX1 identified in the amplified 12p12-p11 region may be involved in the genesis and development of NPC via promoting the cell proliferation and inhibiting the cell apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; genetics ; physiology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; genetics ; physiology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection ; Vesicular Transport Proteins ; genetics ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of occupational lead exposure on the bone mineral density and the bone metabolism in exposed workers.

METHODSTwo hundred and ninety-eight lead-exposed workers in a storage battery plant in Shanghai were selected as the exposed subjects while eighty-one healthy officers in the plant who were not occupationally exposed to lead were treated as the control. The blood lead (BPb) and the urinary lead (UPb) were used as the exposure biomarkers while the Z score, the urinary hydroxyproline (HYP) the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) the serum alkaline phosphatase bone isoenzyme BALP and the serum osteocalcin BGP were used as the effect biomarkers for the bone effect caused by the lead. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by the single-photon absorptiometry (SPA-4).

RESULTSThe BPb, UPb, HYP, ALP, BALP in the occupational lead exposure group were higher than those in the control group with significantly statistical difference in male (P < 0.01). The levels of BGP in the exposure group was higher than that in the control group without significantly statistical difference (P > 0.05). The BMD in the exposure group was lower than that in the control group without significantly statistical difference (P > 0.05). The BMD was significantly decreased in the groups of the UPb 10 approximately microg/g Cr level compared with the 0 approximately microg/g Cr group with the significant difference (P < 0.01). In males, the BMD was significantly decreased in the group of the BPb 300 approximately microg/L level compared with the 0 approximately microg/L group with the significant difference (P < 0.01). The levels of HYP, ALP, BALP, BGP in the UPb 20 approximately microg/g Cr group were significantly higher than those in the UPb 0 approximately microg/g Cr group (P < 0.05). The levels of HYP, ALP, BALP, BGP in the BPb 300 approximately microg/L group were significantly higher than those in the BPb 0 approximately microg/L group (P < 0.05). The prevalence of both osteoporosis and the abnormal bone metabolisms indexes would increase significantly with the increase of the lead exposure (P < 0.01) with the linear correlation (P < 0.01). But the prevalence of higher BGP had no significant correlation with UPb (P > 0.05). BMDs were calculated using BMDS Version 1.3.2 software and BMDLs were also determined. The BMDLs of BPb and UPb for lead-induced osteoporosis were higher than those representing the change of bone metabolism induced by lead.

CONCLUSIONSThe occupational exposure to lead could cause the decrease of the bone mineral density, lead to the osteoporosis, and may affect the bone metabolism.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers ; blood ; urine ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Lead ; adverse effects ; blood ; urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Osteoporosis ; chemically induced ; Young Adult

Objective To select the effective parts of blood nourishing and to investigate the utilization of fuzzy matter-element model in evaluating the effect of blood nourishing of Angelica's different extracted parts.Methods KM mice half males and half females were randomly divided into 10 groups,including blank control group,model group (blood-deficiency),positive control group (Complex Prescription Glue Mucilage:0.02 mL· g-1),experimental group consisted by 7 different extracted parts of Angelica (3.4 g kg-1 Angelica herbs) Acetylphenyhydrazine (APH) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) were used to copy the blood-deficiency model mice by administration APH at the second day (20 mg · kg-1) and the fifth day (40 mg · kg-1) respectively,since the fifth day,ip CTX 40 mg · kg-1 everyday,once a day for four days.Periphera hemogram and organ index,including thymus index (TI),spleen index (SI),were detected at the 10th day.Then using Fuzzy Matter-element model on variation coefficient weight.Results The TI,SI,red blood cell (RBC),platelet count(PLT),hematokrit (HCT),hemoglobin (HGB),white blood cell (WBC) were (7.70 ± 1.81) × 10-2,(56.90 ± 12.23) × 10-2,8.44 ± 1.59,1453.10 ± 102.50,56.54 ± 6.69,170.00 ± 26.39,2.10 ± 0.49,respectively in model group.The 70％ ethanol impregnation part (part 2) for TI,SI,RBC,PLT,HCT,HGB,WBC were 0.10 ± 2.66 ×10-2,(33.83 ±8.97) × 10-2,11.94 ±2.07,1749.60 ±211.50,55.53 ±9.42,55.53 ±9.42,2.60 ± 0.47,respectively.The part 2 can increase TI,RBC,PLT,HCT,WBC and reduce SI,HGB.Compared with model group,the difference was statistically significant in SI,RBC,PLT,HCT,WBC (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.001).There were no significant differences between part 1 and part 2 (P ＞ 0.05).Combining with the result of the value of Euclid approach degree,in part 1-7,the maximum is 0.50 (part 2),is greater than 0.40 (part 1).Conclusion The 70％ alcohol impregnation part is the effective part of blood nourishing.The method and model can be used to objectively evaluate the comprehensive effect of blood nourishing of Angelica's different extracted parts.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of bone marrow involvement (BMI) in patients with malignant lymphoma (ML) on laboratory indexes, and evaluate the laboratory markers that can be used to predict/diagnose BMI. METHODS: The clinical characteristics and laboratory indexes of 137 ML patients were analyzed retrospectively, from which the indexes of BMI in ML patients was studied. The logistic regression analysis and receiver operating curve (ROC) were used to evaluate independent risk factors and predictors of BMI diagnosis in ML patients. RESULTS: Compared with non-BMI group, the red blood cell distribution width, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, β CONCLUSION PLT and sIL2R show good diagnostic value for ML patients with BMI.
Bone Marrow ; Humans ; Laboratories ; Lymphoma ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Diabetes is one of the most important non-communicable chronic diseases. Although a large amount of clinical evidence on the effectiveness of diabetes prevention and treatment interventions has been established, the current quality of care and results are still insufficient. Implementation Research can bridge the gap between research and practice. Implementation Research on diabetes management can clarify what is effective and what is ineffective in management, and promote the transformation of complex, multi-component interventions into medical practice faster and more effectively. This paper reviews the main research contents and application of implementation research of diabetes management at home and abroad, aiming to provide reference for related research and promote the application of implementation research in diabetes management in China.
Humans ; Self Care/methods* ; China ; Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control*