1.Hints from a Female Patient with Breast Cancer Who Later Presented with Cowden Syndrome
Wen-Chung WANG ; Tai-Cheng HOU ; Chen-Yun KUO ; Yen-Chein LAI
Journal of Breast Cancer 2020;23(4):430-437
A 51-year-old woman presented with metachronous tumor development in bilateral breasts, thyroid, and endometrium. Additional signs and symptoms fulfilled the National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria for Cowden syndrome. Immunohistochemistry showed loss of PTEN expression in all tumors. Single nucleotide variants, 647 germline variants (including one each in PTEN and MSH3), and 21 somatic mutations within exons were detected in all tumors after whole-exome sequencing. There were 0, 11, and 46 specific somatic mutations in bilateral breasts, thyroid, and endometrial cancers, respectively.Although PTEN mutation is key to the development of Cowden syndrome, DNA repair dysfunction might be the initial driver of mutations. Fewer mutations were required to induce initial bilateral breast carcinomas, with subsequent thyroid and endometrial carcinomas requiring more mutations for induction. When genetic screening is unavailable, breast cancer patients with clinical manifestations of Cowden syndrome must be carefully assessed for secondary malignancies, such as thyroid and endometrial carcinomas.
2.Asia-Pacific consensus on long-term and sequential therapy for osteoporosis
Ta-Wei TAI ; Hsuan-Yu CHEN ; Chien-An SHIH ; Chun-Feng HUANG ; Eugene MCCLOSKEY ; Joon-Kiong LEE ; Swan Sim YEAP ; Ching-Lung CHEUNG ; Natthinee CHARATCHAROENWITTHAYA ; Unnop JAISAMRARN ; Vilai KUPTNIRATSAIKUL ; Rong-Sen YANG ; Sung-Yen LIN ; Akira TAGUCHI ; Satoshi MORI ; Julie LI-YU ; Seng Bin ANG ; Ding-Cheng CHAN ; Wai Sin CHAN ; Hou NG ; Jung-Fu CHEN ; Shih-Te TU ; Hai-Hua CHUANG ; Yin-Fan CHANG ; Fang-Ping CHEN ; Keh-Sung TSAI ; Peter R. EBELING ; Fernando MARIN ; Francisco Javier Nistal RODRÍGUEZ ; Huipeng SHI ; Kyu Ri HWANG ; Kwang-Kyoun KIM ; Yoon-Sok CHUNG ; Ian R. REID ; Manju CHANDRAN ; Serge FERRARI ; E Michael LEWIECKI ; Fen Lee HEW ; Lan T. HO-PHAM ; Tuan Van NGUYEN ; Van Hy NGUYEN ; Sarath LEKAMWASAM ; Dipendra PANDEY ; Sanjay BHADADA ; Chung-Hwan CHEN ; Jawl-Shan HWANG ; Chih-Hsing WU
Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia 2024;10(1):3-10
Objectives:
This study aimed to present the Asia-Pacific consensus on long-term and sequential therapy for osteoporosis, offering evidence-based recommendations for the effective management of this chronic condition.The primary focus is on achieving optimal fracture prevention through a comprehensive, individualized approach.
Methods:
A panel of experts convened to develop consensus statements by synthesizing the current literature and leveraging clinical expertise. The review encompassed long-term anti-osteoporosis medication goals, first-line treatments for individuals at very high fracture risk, and the strategic integration of anabolic and anti resorptive agents in sequential therapy approaches.
Results:
The panelists reached a consensus on 12 statements. Key recommendations included advocating for anabolic agents as the first-line treatment for individuals at very high fracture risk and transitioning to anti resorptive agents following the completion of anabolic therapy. Anabolic therapy remains an option for in dividuals experiencing new fractures or persistent high fracture risk despite antiresorptive treatment. In cases of inadequate response, the consensus recommended considering a switch to more potent medications. The consensus also addressed the management of medication-related complications, proposing alternatives instead of discontinuation of treatment.
Conclusions
This consensus provides a comprehensive, cost-effective strategy for fracture prevention with an emphasis on shared decision-making and the incorporation of country-specific case management systems, such as fracture liaison services. It serves as a valuable guide for healthcare professionals in the Asia-Pacific region, contributing to the ongoing evolution of osteoporosis management.