In order to assess the physical growth pattern of Korean Youth, the authors measured the body height, chestgirth and sitting height of 40967 persons (24832 males and 16135 females) from primary schools, middle and high schools and colleges of metropolitan (urban) and rural areas, and calculated the mene, standard deviation, standard error and coefficient variance of the body weight chestgirth, sitting height and various pertinent index by body height to demonstrate the standard physical growth and development by body height of sex and age. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. Physical growth and development: Rapid growth of physical growth in terms of body height has been observed among males in the age 7-15 and among female 7-13. Growth in terms of body height turned out to be slower among students of higher age by both sexes. The age of cross over between to sexes is between 10 to 13 years where upon girls out grows boys. Maximum annual growth were upon girls out grows boys. Maximum annual growth were both of 6.16cm from 8 to 9 years old and 12 to 13 years old for boys and 7.2cm from 8 to 9 and 6.1cm from 9 to 10 for girls. This indicates that girls enter a rapidly growing stage 2 years earlier than boys. Meanwhile, prominent improvement in body height of national students over period of ten year was noticed. 2. The distribution status of body height by age: The distribution status of body height by age were as follows; 7 year of age: boys-30cm range of body height from 104.0cm to 133.9cm, girls-27cm from 104.0 to 130.9cm, 8 year of age: boys-30cm from 116.0 to 145.9cm, girls-33cm from 113.0 to 145.9cm, 9 year of age: boys-30cm from 116.0 to 145.9cm, girls-33cm from 113.0 to 145.9cm, 10 year of age: boys-39cm from 116.0 to 154.9cm, girls-39cm from 119.0 to 157.9cm, 11 year of age: boys-45cm from 119.0 to 163.9cm, girls-39cm from 122.0 to 160.9cm, 12 year of age: boys-45cm from 125.0 to 169.9cm, girls-42cm from 125.0 to 166.9cm, 13 year of age: boys-45cm from 128.0 to 172.9cm, girls-42cm from 128.0 to 169.9cm, 14 year of age: boys-48cm from 131.0 to 178.9cm, girls-36cm from 134.0 to 169.9cm, 15 year of age: boys-42cm from 137.0 to 181.9cm, girls-33cm from 137.0 to 169.9cm, 16 year of age: boys-39cm from 146.0 to 184.9cm, girls-30cm from 143.0 to 172.9cm, 17 year of age: boys-39cm from 146.0 to 184.9cm, girls-27cm from 143.0 to 169.9cm, 18 year of age: boys-36cm from 152.0 to 187.9cm, girls-27cm from 146.0 to 172.9cm, 19 year of age: boys-30cm from 155.0 to 184.9cm girls-24cm from 146.0 to 169.9cm, 20 year of age: boys-24cm from 158.0 to 181.9cm girls-18cm from 149.0 to 166.9cm, 3. Standard values of body weight, chest-girth and sitting height by body height of age were found all age groups from 7 to 20 years old and listed in tables from 3-a to 16-a. 4. Standard values of relative body weight, relative chestgirth and relative sitting height by body height of age were found all age groups from 7 to 20 years old and listed in tables from 3-b to 16-b. 5. Standard values of physical and nutritional indices (Rohrer index, Kaup index, Vervaeck index and Pelidisi index) by body height of age were found all age groups from 7 to 20 years old and listed in tables from 3-c to 16-c.
Adolescent* ; Body Height* ; Body Weight ; Child ; Female ; Growth and Development* ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Assessment ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Korea*

A total of 471 cases of colonic adenocarcinomas and 28 cases of colonic adenomas were examined immunohistochemically to evaluate the expression of p53 protein in the light of their relationship with various prognostic factors. A monoclonal antibody, p53 DO-7, was used in the study. Two hundred and fourteen adenocarcinomas (45.5%) showed positive staining for p53, however only three of the adenomas (10.3%) were positive (P < 0.05). p53 was stained to neoplastic nuclei. Adjacent normal mucosal cells were negative. There were no significant correlations between p53 expression and prognostic parameters such as age, sex, gross configuration, modified Astler-Coller stages, microscopic tumor growth patterns, tumor depth, tumor size and lymph node involvements. However, left sided adenocarcinomas (49.3%) expressed p53 more often than right sided adenocarcinomas (35.6%) (P = 0.01). The positive rates were different according to the histologic differentiation; 45.2% in well differentiated, 51.3% in moderately well differentiated, 23.8% in poorly differentiated, and 26.5% in mucinous carcinomas (P = 0.011). The mean survival periods of the p53 positive and negative groups were 29 months and 32 months, respectively (P = 0.385). However, overall survival for patients with grade one and two positive p53 was better than those of grade three and four positive cases (P = 0.028). In conclusion, the result of this multivariate analysis suggests that immunohistochemically strong p53 protein expression (more than 30% of tumor cells) has value in estimating a prognosis for patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas.
Adenocarcinoma/*chemistry ; Adenoma/*chemistry ; Adult ; Colonic Neoplasms/*chemistry/mortality ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Age ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prognosis ; Protein p53/*analysis ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Survival Analysis ; Tumor Markers, Biological/*analysis

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the role of survivin, caspase 3, p53 and Ki-67 expression in the carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma and aggressiveness of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). METHODS: The pathology specimens of 94 patients with a diagnosis of Low grade CIN (31 cases), High grade CINL (32 cases) and squamous cell carcinoma (31 cases) were evaluated immunohistochemically for the expression of survivin, caspase 3, p53 and Ki-67 in paraffin sections. RESULTS: Survivin, p53 and Ki-67 expressions were progressively increased in accordance with the increasing degree of malignancy, but caspase 3 immunoreactivity was higher in high grade CIN than in low grade CIN and invasive cervical cancers. There was no significant difference between Ki-67 index and survivin, caspase 3 and p53 expression with the increasing degree of malignancy. The Ki-67 index was closely related to p53 overexpression in invasive cervical carcinoma group. CONCLUSION: A sequential increase of survivin, p53, and Ki-67 was observed in paralleling the progression of grade of CIN and cervical cancer. In addition, caspase 3 expression increased proportionally to the low-grade CIN to high grade CIN.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Caspase 3 ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Humans ; Paraffin ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

PURPOSE: It is widely known that allergic diseases progress through an allergic march. However, there have not been any recent reports in Korea on how the diseases progress. METHODS: Parents who visited one of the Pediatric Allergy Clinics of four university hospitals in Seoul with a child under the age of 6 years during the period from May 1-30, 2006 were asked to complete a questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 229 parents answered the questionnaire about their children, of which 122 were male and 107 were female. The most common allergic disease before 2 years of age was atopic dermatitis (79%). Meanwhile, in 2- to 4-year age group, allergic rhinitis (38%) and asthma (37%) were predominant. The most common allergic disease in the 4- to 6-year age group was asthma (72%), followed by allergic rhinitis (64%). Seventy-three percent of the children had a family history of allergic disease, most often in the fathers (39%). Among patients with allergic rhinitis, 50% had experienced asthma in their earlier days and 30% had experienced atopic dermatitis. In addition, 57% of the children with asthma had suffered from atopic dermatitis. Parents believed that asthma was the most serious allergic disease. CONCLUSION: In the present study, allergic disease showed a tendency to march from atopic dermatitis to asthma and then to allergic rhinitis. Early diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis is, therefore, considered important for prevention of the allergic march.
Asthma ; Child ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Early Diagnosis ; Fathers ; Female ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Korea ; Male ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial

BACKGROUND: Medication adherence (MA) is poor among patients with chronic illnesses, such as those involving the risk factors of stroke. However, the impacts of poor MA on the modifiable risk factors of stroke are not well known. METHODS: We evaluated the MA for the control of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and previous ischemic stroke among consecutive patients with ischemic stroke within 7 days of symptom onset. Nonadherence was defined as taking doctor-prescribed medications for less than 3 weeks during the previous month. Demographic data, risk factor profile, stroke mechanism, and baseline score on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were compared among patients with nonadherence and those without. RESULTS: Among 1133 patients with at least one medicated risk factor, the rates of nonadherence in hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and previous ischemic stroke were 18.5%, 15.3%, 30.3%, and 28.1%, respectively. Overall, 27.4% of patients with more than one risk factor presented nonadherence, with a predilection toward being male (male, 63.9% vs. female, 56.1%, p=0.02) and younger (mean age 64.9 years vs. 66.4 years, p=0.01). Stroke severity according to MA did not differ using either crude analysis (NIHSS score: 5.5+/-5.9 vs. 5.4+/-5.5, p=0.71) or multivariable analysis after log transformation. The prevalence of nonadherence was low for large-artery disease and small-vessel occlusion, and high for cardioembolism. CONCLUSIONS: Prestroke poor MA for the major risk factors was common among patients with chronic illnesses, and was more frequent in younger male patients. Stroke severity was not affected by MA during the month preceding stroke.
Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Stroke

OBJECTIVE: Cell to cell and cell to extracellular matrix interaction are crucial in tumor development and progression. Tight junction proteins such as claudins and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) play an important role in these processes. This study was performed to investigate the difference of expressions of claudin-1, claudin-4 and ZO-1 in low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC) of the uterine cervix. METHODS: The expressions of claudin-1, claudin-4 and ZO-1 were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining in 78 cervical tissue specimens (LSIL 22 case, HSIL 36 case, and ISCC 20 case). RESULTS: Claudin-1 expression was positive in 40.9% of LSIL, in 94.0% of HSIL and in 20.0% of ISCC. The expression of claudin-1 was significantly high in HSIL (p=0.0001). Claudin-4 expression was positive in 31.8% of LSIL, in 41.7% of HSIL and in 25.0% of ISCC. The expression of claudin-4 was high in HSIL, but it was not statistically different. ZO-1 expression was positive in 13.6% of LSIL, in 41.7% of HSIL, and in 25.5% of ISCC. The expression of ZO-1 was significantly high in HSIL (p=0.011). CONCLUSION: These results indicate increased expressions of claudin-1 and ZO-1 in the HSIL that includes cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 and 3, which decrease during progression to cervical cancer.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Cervix Uteri ; Claudin-1* ; Claudin-4* ; Claudins ; Extracellular Matrix ; Female ; Tight Junction Proteins ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Advances in microneurosurgical treatment of arterial aneurysm have led to increased interest being focused on aneurysm situated within the posterior cerebral fossa. Despite this, reports of neurosurgical intervention in such cases are still rare and there is no report about the distal posterior cerebral artery aneurysm in Korea. An aneurysm of the posterior cerebral artery has been referred to as a "distinct rarity", making up about 0.26 to 2.7% of all cerebral aneurysms. Especially, the incidence of the distal posterior cerebral artery aneurysm is quite rare and most of them are saccular in shape and single in number. The authors report a case of P4 segment aneurysm of left posterior cerebral artery, successfully treated by clipping cross neck and reviewed the literature, and discussed their anatomy, clinical feature, location, and variable operative methods.
Aneurysm ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Korea ; Neck ; Posterior Cerebral Artery*

Clonorchis sinensis is a liver fluke and it is the most prevalent human parasite in Korea at present. The parasite infection induces immune responses, characteristically an increased production of parasite-specific IgE in the host. Major IgE-reacting C. sinensis antigens in infected humans have been protein bands with MWs of 15, 28, 37, 45, 51, 56, 62, 66, 74, 97 and 160 KD identified by immunoblot analysis. Individual variations of the IgE binding pattern to C. sinensis antigens have also been documented. Using immune BALB/c mouse sera, IgE-reacting protein bands have been visualized with MWs of 28, 74, 86, 160 and several > 200 KD. One of the most strongly reacted C. sinensis antigenic proteins with a molecular weight of 28 KD was purified by gel filtration and preparative electrophoresis. Using a monoclonal antibody produced against the antigenic protein, the protein was localized in the parasite's intestine, and also found to be contained in excretory-secretory antigens.
Animal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Helminth/immunology* ; Antigens, Helminth/analysis* ; Clonorchis sinensis/immunology* ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Human ; IgE/immunology* ; Immunoblotting ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

Radiofrequency (RF) radiation at the frequency of mobile phones has been not reported to induce cellular responses in in vitro and in vivo models. We exposed HEI-OC1, conditionally-immortalized mouse auditory cells, to RF radiation to characterize cellular responses to 1763 MHz RF radiation. While we could not detect any differences upon RF exposure, whole-genome expression profiling might provide the most sensitive method to find the molecular responses to RF radiation. HEI-OC1 cells were exposed to 1763 MHz RF radiation at an average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 20 W/kg for 24 hr and harvested after 5 hr of recovery (R5), alongside sham-exposed samples (S5). From the whole-genome profiles of mouse neurons, we selected 9 differentially-expressed genes between the S5 and R5 groups using information gain-based recursive feature elimination procedure. Based on support vector machine (SVM), we designed a prediction model using the 9 genes to discriminate the two groups. Our prediction model could predict the target class without any error. From these results, we developed a prediction model using biomarkers to determine the RF radiation exposure in mouse auditory cells with perfect accuracy, which may need validation in in vivo RF-exposure models.
Absorption ; Animals ; Cellular Phone ; Gene Expression* ; Mice ; Neurons ; Support Vector Machine ; Biomarkers