85 Chinese sterna(52 males and 33 females)were measured.All 7 measurements were found to have very significant sex differences.However,the overlapping rate between both sexes is very high.It's difficult to determine sex with single measurement.By using Fisher' method,the sex discriminant functions were calculated which can determine sex 90% correctly.For the purpose of sexing bro- ken sternum,some other diseriminant functions were also calculated.Compared with foreigner's,this study has higher discriminant rate and wider practical use.

135 Chinese adult tibiae (69 males, 66 females)were measured. Statistic test shows that all 12 items of measurement have significant sex differences. For the purpose of determining sex from fragmentary tibia, 17 sex diseriminant functions for fragmentary tibia were calculated by means of stepwise discriminant analysis and Fisger's method. The diseriminant rate ranges from 79.3% to 821.4%. The present study shows that the proximal epiphyseal breadth,the distal epiphyseal breadth and the circumference at the level of the nutrient foramen have the most important value in identification of sex they can determine sex alone 79.3—80.2% correctly.

1.The ramification,distribution and collateral circulation of the intraorganic renal arteries have been studied in 130 kidneys from adults and children by means of dissection, injection of casting material or arteriography of fresh kidneys. 2.The intraorganic renal arteries were characterized by a segmented arrangement. The study of arterial casts and of individual segments injected with differently colored acetone-celluloid solution and of segmental arteriogram has shown that there is no col- lateral circulation between adjoining segments.According to the distribution of the ar- teries studied,the kidney is in most cases divisible into five segments—the apical,upper, middle,lower and posterior. 3.In 85.0?3.25% of cases the renal artery is single.Its primary divisions may be distinguished into certain types,among which the anterior-posterior(65.69?4.70%) and superior-inferior(23.53?4.20%)are of the most frequent occurrence.In the former, the anterior division usually gives rise to the apical,upper,middle and lower segmental arteries,while the posterior division continues as such into the posterior segment.In the latter,the superior division usually gives rise either to the apical,upper,middle and posterior or to the apical,upper and posterior,while the inferior division continues as the lower segmental artery or gives rise to middle and lower segmental arteries. Variations in the number,origin and distribution of the apical and lower segmental arteries have been described. 4.When two renal arteries are present instead of one,in 70.58?11.05% of cases, the accessory renal artery continues as the lower or apical segmental artery,while the main stem gives off the other segmental arteries. 5.The manner of branching of the primary division was classified into “main stem” and “dispersed”patterns.In the anterior half of kidney the “dispersed”pattern is most prevalent,whereas in the posterior half the “main stem”occurs more frequently.We have also found that the branching pattern is in close correlation with the external form of the kidney or the shape of the lips. 6.The sites at which the segmental arteries enter the renal parenchyma at the hilus are more or less regular.The location of the sites may be classified into three groups.

Female ; Humans ; Hypopharynx ; Infant, Newborn ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; pathology ; Polyps ; pathology

Objective To reveal the subjects and hotspots in domestic studies on information behaviors by analyzing the domestic papers on information behaviors. Methods The key words in domestic papers on information behaviors were analyzed by factor analysis and co-word clustering analysis with the structure of subjects in domestic studies on information behaviors elaborated. Results The domestic studies on information behaviors were focused on the fol-lowing 12 aspects, such as information literacy, network information behaviors, information behavior model, infor-mation dissemination, and information service in libraries. Conclusion The hotspots in domestic studies on informa-tion behaviors are characterized by the various objects, scattered subjects, and balanced degrees.

Child ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; urine ; Proteinuria ; urine ; Severity of Illness Index

For the diathermancy of the seawater is much bigger than that of the air, and the heat dispersed from the body exceeds the heat produced by the body, the heat would be lost immediately when people fell into the cold seawater. The temperature of people would drop instantly to frozen stiff. So it has great signification to rescue the people dropped into the cold water at once. This paper will introduce how to rescue, examine, stabilize, insulate, finally transport the patient to the hospital, and some things that should be paid attention to during the whole process.

China ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; methods ; Humans ; Organizational Policy ; Publishing ; standards ; Registries

Objective To compare the difference of entrance dose between CR and amorphous silocon DR system in chest imaging, and to discuss their optimum exposure dose. Methods For CR and DR, different entrance dose was measured by dosimeter in chest phantom. The value of IQFinv was analyzed by CDRAD2. 0 software. Image quality difference between CR and DR was assessed by group t-test. The relationship between image quality and entrance dose was tested by using Pearson correlation analysis. The best IQFinv values in CR and DR system were achieved via ROC curve analysis, and the exposure dose was then calculated. Results There were direct correlation values between entrance dose and the value of IQFinv in CR and DR system, respectively( r =0. 893 ,0. 848 ,P < 0. 01 ) . The linear regression equation for DR was IQFinv =0. 0050 +3. 359, and for CR was IQFinv =0. 005D + I. 651 , where D was entrance dose. The difference of IQFinv value between CR and DR was significant(t = 5. 455 ,P < 0. 05). The best IQFinv value of the two groups from ROC analysis was 3.55. Conclusions With the entrance dose increased, the detection ability of contrast-detail was elevated in the two digital radiography systems. With equal entrance dose, the detection ability of DR in contrast-detail was superior to CR. With equal image quality, DR obviously decreased the radiation dose to the patients.

Objective To explore the application value and clinical efficacy of one half layer pancreaticojejunostomy with the posterior wall of pancreas reinforced in pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinical data of 17 patients with pancreatic neoplasms and ampullar neoplasms who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from May to September 2015 were collected.One half layer pancreaticojejunostomy with the posterior wall of pancreas reinforced method was applied to the digestive tract reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy in the 17 patients.Observation indicators included:(1)surgical situations:surgical procedures,operation time,time of pancreaticojejunostomy,volume of intraoperative blood loss,tumor sizes,(2) postoperative situations:recovery time of gastrointestinal function,postoperative complications,duration of postoperative hospital stay,(3) postoperative pathological examinations,(4) follow-up.Patients were followed up by outpatient examinations including color Doppler ultrasound or abdominal computed tomography (CT) and telephone interview detecting abdominal pain or distention and general situations (diet,sleep) up to October 2015.Measurement data were represented as average (range).Results (1) Surgical situations:all the 17 patients underwent successful operations without perioperative death,including 16 undergoing radical pancreaticoduodenectomy and 1 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy and left liver resection.The average operation time,average pancreaticojejunostomy time,average volume of intraoperative blood loss and average tumor size were 276 minutes (range,230-440 minutes),12 minutes (range,9-16 minutes),310 mL (range,200-950 mL) and 3.25 cm2(range,1.92-5.60 cm2),respectively.(2) Postoperative situations:the average recovery time of gastrointestinal function was 3 days (range,1-7 days).Three patients had postoperative complications,including 1 patient with pancreatic fistula (Grade A) and 2 patients with delayed gastric emptying,and all of them had been healed after symptomatic and supportive treatments.The results of T-tube cholangiography or CT before hospital discharge showed that there was no leakage around the anastomoses.The average duration of postoperative hospital stay was 10 days(range,6-20 days).(3) The postoperative pathological examinations showed 5 patients of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas,4 of common bile duct ampulla area adenocarcinomas,3 of duodenal papillary adenocarcinomas,3 of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and 2 of duodenal ampullary adenocarcinomas.(4) Followup:all the 17 patients were followed up for 1-4 months and the abdominal color Doppler ultrasound or CT showed that there was no evidence of tumor recurrence or leakage around anastomoses.Conclusion One half layer pancreaticojejunostomy with the posterior wall of pancreas reinforced is safe and feasible,and it can reduce the rate of pancreatic fistula successfully.