The toxic action of benzene on erythropoiesis and myelopciesis, has been recognized since the early years of the present century. With the advance in high civilization and modern covenience, benzene as a kind of aromatic compound has been used for industrial solvent and its longstanding use has committed a public nuisance to be overcome by medical approach. Chromosomal breakage and rearrangement may be produced by radiation, radiomimetics, virus infection and various chemicals, especially, antibiotics and antitumor agent, causing chroimosomal rearrangement in vitro, whose teratogenic action in rats was previously demonstrated. Several works hsve been published on the chromosome damage as a consequence of benzene intoxication. Recently, it was shown by certain workers that individuals who had been exposed to atmospheric benzene, even without haematological disorders, might have an elevated percentage of structural chromosome aberrations in the lymphocytes cultured from their peripheral blood. Moreover, structural and numerical chromosome aberrations were demons trated in patients with blood disorders which were believed to be due to exposure to beuzene vapors. Accordingly, much interest has been paid to its cytologic effect on the hematopoietic tissues in man and experimental animals. A high incidence of chromosomal aberrations has also been found in rabbits exposed to benzene during a period of peripheral pancytopenia and after hematologic recovery. The significance of these findings was discussed in relation to leukemic transition and to their diagnostic value in human benzene intoxication. Chromosomal anomalies can also be induced by benzene given subcutaneously to rata. A pronounced individual variation of the degree of chromosome damage was shown. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether benzene could a direct effect on the chromosome complement of mammalian bone marrow cells in vivo and whether characteristic banding patterns might be demonstrated in rat chomosomes by a modified trypsin-Giemsa method. Four-week old Sprague-Dawley strain rats of both sexes(each weighing about 50gm) were used for this experimental study. Three groups of animals were treated-with subcutaneous infections of pure benzene. Group I received benzene, 2.0ml per kg body weight, 24 hours before sacrifice; Group II, 48 and 24 hours and Group III, 72, 48 and 24 hours. A control group was given no treatment. The animais were sacrificed in ether anesthesia. Femur and iliac bone marrow cells were suspended in medium 199 within 30 minutes and transferred to warm Hanks-distilled water(1:3) for hypotonic treatment(10 minutes). A freshly prepared solution of methanol glacial acetic acid (3:1) was used as fixative. Finally, a few drops of the cell suspension were placed on moistened, pre-cleaned slides being dried by rapid-drying technique. The slides were stained with either simple Giemsa or trypsin Giemsa banding technique. From the data obtained, this report was summarized as follows: 1. For the benzene-treated groups, chromosomal aberration rate was 13.4% in group II and 38.6% in group III, while in the controls the rate was 6.4 percent. 2. Numerical aberrations included aneuploidy, polyploidy and monoploidy. The most frequent type was hypodiploidy (5.8–9.4%) in all the treated groups. 3. Structural aberrations could be divided in gaps, ring chromosomes, breaks, deletions, exchanges and dicentrics. Among those, the majority of abnormal metaphases was gaps; 2.4%, 2.2% and 10.8% in group I, II and III respectively, and 1. 6% in control group. 4. The translocations and dicentrics were not demonstated in group I and II. 5. The normal chromosome set of the Sprague-Dawley rat was comprised of 42 chromosomes: 20 pairs of autosomes, and one pair of sex chromosomes, xx or XY chromosomes. The total number of major bands in s chromosome complement was about 40 and minor bands, 13, 6. Sucessful demonstration of banding patterns was available by proper adjustment of the concentration, temperature and duration of trypsin solution.
Acetic Acid ; Anesthesia ; Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Benzene ; Body Weight ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone Marrow ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Breakage ; Civilization ; Complement System Proteins ; Erythropoiesis ; Ether ; Femur ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Incidence ; Lymphocytes ; Methanol ; Methods ; Pancytopenia ; Polyploidy ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ring Chromosomes ; Sex Chromosomes ; Trypsin

No abstract available.
Ciprofloxacin* ; Vibrio vulnificus* ; Vibrio*

In attempting to ellucidate the mechanism of action of CCl4 toxicity on the liver, the histobgical and histochemical studies were carried out, at the cellular or ultrastructural level, rats were given a single oral dose of 1.25 ml/kg of CCl4 one hour after cervical spinal cordotomy. Hepatic lesions induced by CCl4 administration such as the fatty change of hepatic cells and the sinusoidal congestion were abolished by cordotomy. The decreased activities of adenosine triphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the hepatic cells and bile canaliculi of the poisoned animals were restored to a large extent by the operation. Cordotomy also prevented some liver cell changes as seen by the electron microscope in the CCl4-intoxicated rats. It is evident that the hepatotoxic effects of carbon tetrachloride can be inhibited or prevented by cervical cordotomy.
Acid Phosphatase/analysis ; Adenosinetriphosphatase/analysis ; Animal ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning* ; Cordotomy* ; Hepatitis, Toxic/prevention & control* ; Histocytochemistry ; Liver/drug effects* ; Liver/enzymology ; Liver/pathology ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains

It is interesting and in important to study histochemical changes of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) activity by electron microscopy in order to promote the knowledge needed for diagnosis and prognosis in such liver diseases as von Gierke's disease, hepatoma and various other hepatocellular alterations of different origins. Since we had not accomplished the electron microscopic demonstration of G-6-Pase, although light microscopic studies on changes of the enzyme activity were done in this laboratory, this investigation was planned to obtain a satisfactory technique for ultrastructural demonstration of the enzyme activity. Unfixed frozen sections (80 micro thick) of mouse liver were washed for 2~3 minutes in a 0.4M sucrose solution (pH6.8) containing 4 mM lead nitrate and then incubated for 15~20 minutes at 32~37 degrees C in several different media to which 0.4M sucrose solution was added: A) a modification of the original Chiquoine medium, B) the first modification of the Wachstein-Meisel medium C (the second modification; the 2% lead nitrate solution was reduced in amount to 1.5 m1 instead of 3.0 ml in the medium-B). After incubation, these sections were fixed in 1% osmic acid containing sucrose, followed by embedding in Epon, ultrathin-section, mounting and staining with uranyl acetate and/or lead nitrate. By incubating the sections in the medium (B or C), satisfactory preparations were obtainable for its electron microscopic demonstration. The granular deposits of reaction products were found characteristically on the membranous component of the rough-and smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and unclear envelope. Occasional deposits were observed within cisternae or vesicles, in the nucleus, and immediate1y adjacent to the cisternal membrane and glycogen areas.
Animal ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase/metabolism* ; Liver/enzymology* ; Liver/ultrastructure ; Male ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron

Prednisolone, a cortisol analogue, was given intraperitoneally to rats with 5, 10 or 15 doses of 5 mg. per kg. of body weight per day. Sacrificing the animals 24 hours after the last injection, unfixed frozen sections from small pieces of liver tissue were incubated and stained by a modification from the method of Wachstein and Meisel(1965) for glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) activity. Some of the tissue blocks were processed for staining with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological observation. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity, being represented histochemically by brownish-black deposits, was progressively increased after administrations 5 or 10 times. With 15 doses of prednisolone the general histochemical picture of G-6-Pase activity appeared to be similar to that of the control group, except for a different distribution of hepatocytes possessing strong activity. In prednisolone treated rats, the swollen hepatocytes showed a marked, cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear pyknosis, particularly in the periportal and midzonal areas of hepatic lobules. Some discussion of the G-6-Pase corticosteroids are presented in terms of their metabolic effects.
Animal ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase/analysis* ; Liver/drug effects ; Liver/enzymology* ; Male ; Prednisolone/pharmacology* ; Rats

Although the glands of von Ebner have been believed to be purely serous glands, they may be of the mixed type in some cases. In order to ascertain the occurrence of mucous cells in the glands and to study the staining properties of them, the authors obtained 23 vallate papillae from 7 Korean adult tongues, cut them serially and stained them with the hematoxylin and eosin, mucicarmine, mucihematein, toluidin blue or ferric mannitol technic. Observing numerous glands of von Ebner opening into the furrows of 23 vallate papillae, the authors found 9 glandular lobules of the mixed type belonging to 8 Vallate papillae (2 lobules out of 9 belonged to one papilla). The mucous cells in the mixed glandular lobules of the glands showed mucin reactions with mucicarmine and mucihematein, and revealed a typical metachromatism by toluidin blue and safranin O.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

The variations of the sigmoid sinus were studied in 50 Korean adults (average age 67). The classification of the shape and a measurement of the diameters of the sinus were done and the morpological. 1. The shape was classified into 4 types, and the round type was the most common in both sides. S shaped type was below 10% in both sides. 2. The breadth was regular in 54% of the right and in 70% of the left sinuses. According to the breadth change, the shape was classified into 4 shapes. 3. The average diameter was 8.6mm on the right side and 7.2mm on the left side. 4. Symmetry was present in 16% of all. 5. The right transverse sinus was absent in 1 case (2%) and the superior petrosal sinus did not open into the sigmoid sinus in 2 cases (4%). 6. Petrosqamous sinus was observed in 16%.
Adult* ; Classification ; Colon, Sigmoid* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Tongue*

The purpose of this study was the presence of accessory tendon and its anatomical variation of insertion of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis. 1. Among 46 cases, all had one or more accessory tendon except one which inserted into the base of the first metacarpal bone on its anterolateral surface with a single tendon. 2. Among 45 cases (which had one or more accessory tendon), the abductor pollicis longus tendon inserted into the trapezium in 30 cases(66.6%), and thenar muscles in 38 cases (84.4%). 3. Among 46 cases, the extensor pollicis brevis tendon inserted into the proximal phalanx in 30 cases(65%) and into the distal phalanx with extensor pollicis longus in 8 cases (18%) and into both in 8 cases (18%). 4. Among 22 cadavers, symmetry of insertion of the abductor pollicis longus noticed in 16 cases (88 and extensor pollicis brevis in 21 cases (95%).
Cadaver ; Muscles ; Tendons

The authors studied 100 Koreans for sex determination using the sex chromatin of the epithelial cells from the oral mucosa according to Marberger's method. Turbid suspensions obtained by scraping the buccal mucosa were used; these were stained with a modified Feulgen technic for DNA. Summarizing our observations, the percentage of the sex chromatin in the nuclei of the epithelial cells showed a remarkable difference between the male and feamle of 23.6%. The authors confirmed the fact that the method of oral smear which had already been introudced by Marberger and his associates (1955) might be applicable to the Korean, also.
Female ; Male ; Humans