No abstract available.
Humans ; Leukocytes*

No abstract available.
Head* ; Humans ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal* ; Lymphoma, T-Cell* ; Neck*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of the torsion of the ovarian tumor in postmenopausal women. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 20 postmenopausal patients with a postoperative diagnosis of torsion of the ovarian tumor in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanyang University Hospital from January 1989 to December 1998. RESULTS: The postmenopausal patients with torsion of the ovarian tumor constitute 20/94 (21.3%) of all adnexal torsion patients encountered during this period. The mean (+/-SD) age of the 20 patients was 63.5+/-9.0 years, with a range of 52-90 years. The mean time since menopause was 16.5+/-10.3 years, with a range of 1-39 years. The mean parity was 5.4+/-2.0 (range of 3-10). Lower abdominal pain (65%) was the most frequently presenting symptom, palpable mass(20%) or diagnosed mass(15%) being the second. But, in 20% of cases there was no lower abdominal pain. The torsion occurred at the right side in 11cases (55%) and at the left side in 9 cases. The most frequent degree of torsion was those cases that was rotated twice (720 degrees). The neoplasms undergoing torsion ranged in diameter between 5cm and 30cm and the most prevalent size was 6 to 10 cm (8 cases). Most of the patients (17cases) were treated by total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The tumors that produce torsion varied histologically and the most common type was cystic teratoma (in 5 cases), simple cyst(in 3 cases), serous cystadenoma(in 2 cases), mucinous cystadenoma(in 2 cases). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, ovarian tumor torsion occurring in postmenopausal patients constituted approximately 20% of all torsion patients, therefore adnexal torsion should be considered when a postmenopausal woman presents with lower abdominal pain. When torsion is diagnosed, total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the usual treatment for postmenopausal patients. Histologically, in more than 90% of cases, the tumors that produce torsion were benign. If cancer is evident, more extensive surgery is required.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Medical Records ; Menopause ; Mucins ; Obstetrics ; Parity ; Teratoma

No abstract available.
Uterus*

OBJECTIVE: The videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) has been accepted for standard method of dysphagia evaluations. But there is no research for oropharyngeal effects depending on the change of viscosity. METHOD: The 10 normal subjects without dysphagia symptom or history were participated. 4 test foods were selected according to viscosity which was measured by line spread test (LST); thick semiblended diet: LST 1 cm, Yoplait: LST 2.44 cm, tomato juice: LST 3.67 cm, 35% diluted barium: LST 4.15 cm. Each foods were swallowed 3 times during VFSS. We measured oral transit time (OTT), pharyngeal delay time (PDT), pharyngeal transit time (PTT), and cricopharyngeal opening time (CPOT) RESULTS: There was linear correlation between OTT and LST (cm)(r= 0.965, P<0.05). As the score of LST increased, PDT tended to increase linearly, but there was no statistical significance (r=0.949, P=0.509). PTT and CPOT had no significant correlation with viscosity. CONCLUSION: The viscosity affected OTT and PDT. The test foods of VFSS and dysphagia diet shoud be selected by viscosity measures.
Barium ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; Diet ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Viscosity*

OBJECTIVE: To describe the inappropriate application of spinal orthosis and the frequency of the noncompliance and to identify the relating factors for compliance of spinal orthosis in patients with spinal metastasis. METHOD: Twenty patients diagnosed as spinal instability due to spinal metastasis and applied with Knight-Taylor thoracolumbosacral orthosis or Knight lumbosacral orthosis were interviewed about the mobility and pain. Visual analogue scale (VAS) about severity of back pain and discomfort was also applied to each patient. RESULTS: Nine of the twenty patients were considered as being in poor compliance group. Six of eleven patients with good compliance had inappropriate application method or fitting problems. Inability to walk, poor walking endurance, greater degree of discomfort were related to the poor compliance of the spinal orthosis in patients with spinal metastasis. CONCLUSION: Even with intensive education about the need for spinal orthosis and the method for application, there is high probability that the patients did not use the orthosis or use the orthosis incorrectly especially when patients cannot walk (or cannot walk enough time) and complain severe discomfort.
Back Pain ; Compliance ; Education ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Orthotic Devices* ; Walking

PURPOSE: To ascertain the factors associated with the proportion of death certificate only (DCO) cases contained in the Kwangju Cancer Registry (KCR) that are not as yet in the good range. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The distribution of DCO cases was analyzed by sex, age, cancer site, histological verification (HV) as well as the physician's death certificate status. RESULTS: All cases (n=4,243) in Kwangju diagnosed as having cancer between 1997 and 1998 were registered with the KCR. Death certificates (n=2,390) reporting cancer as the causes of death were collected from the National Statistics Office and reviewed with hospital data linkage and a total of 590 cases were registered as DCO. DCOs accounted for 12.2% (male 12.8%, female 11.5%) of all registrations in Kwangju, 1997~1998. The proportion of DCO cases was high in subjects under 15 (male13.5%,female 9.4%) as well as those 75 and over (male 20.3%, female 27.2%). For cancer sites, the proportion of DCO cases was high (over 10%) for liver, bronchus-lung, esophagus and pancreas and low (under 3%) for skin, bladder, uteri cervix and breast. The proportion of DCO cases was inversely associated with HV%. When the death certificate was issued by physician, the possibility of DCO decreased. CONCLUSION: The proportion of DCO is positively associated with increasing age and negatively associated with HV% and the issuance of a physician's death certificate. These findings suggest that further socio-cultural efforts are required to reduce the DCO proportion.
Breast ; Cause of Death ; Cervix Uteri ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Death Certificates* ; Esophagus ; Female ; Gwangju* ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver ; Pancreas ; Skin ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterus

STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively analyzed 26 cases of failed back surgery syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To reveal the cause of failure, to analyze the results of treatment and to report how to prevent failure. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: The trend term failed back surgery syndrome(FBSS) is used to describe a heterogenous group of patients whose unifying factor is a persisting complaint of back and leg pain. FBSS is a serious problem to both patient and surgeon, and incidence is about 10-15 percent. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Twenty-six patients, who diagnosed as FBSS were followed up for 28 months on an average from 1994 to 1997. We analyzed cause of failure, treatment modalities and results of treatment. Clinical result was evaluated by Kirkaldy-Willis criteria. RESULTS: The causes of FBSS were recurred disc(9 cases), spinal stenosis(7 cases), epidural fibrosis(4 cases), segmental instability(2 cases) infection(2 cases), hematoma and worker's compensation(1 case each). The clinical results were good in case of recurved disc and having symptom free interval more than 6 months. According to kirkaldy-willis criteria, excellent and good results were in 18 cases of 26 cases and most of excellent results were obtained from recurred disc and combined spinal stenosis. CONCLUSION: Removal of mechanical cause and decompression were the most commonly used treatment modalities and posterolateral or anterior fusion was performed when instability was suspected.
Decompression ; Failed Back Surgery Syndrome* ; Fibrinogen ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leg ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Stenosis ; Treatment Failure

PURPOSE: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is an extensive public health problem, so cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been widely taught to lay communities. However, little research has been done to assess attitude and reluctance to performing CPR in Korea. The present study clarified the basic factors affecting attitude and reluctance towards resuscitation in Seoul, Korea. METHODS: Using a telephone survey of a randomly selected sample of Seoul citizens, we questioned 1,007 subjects over a 2 week period in November 2006 on their prior training, knowledge, and awareness of resuscitation. The survey questions sought to clarify basic aspects of knowledge and attitude towards CPR, as well as to gather demographic information. RESULTS: Forty-five percent of subjects had previously been taught CPR. Of these, 70% had been taught more than two years previously. While sixty-nine percent indicated a general willingness to performed CPR on a stranger, only 6.8% responded that they definitely would perform CPR. In addition, only 3.3% were able to remember the correct compression- to-ventilations ratio for adult CPR. Of the 314 respondents who were unwilling to performed CPR, 44.3% gave as their reason the risk involved in a deteriorating situation, while 33.1% cited a lack of CPR knowledge. The factors most related to CPR performance and reluctance were male (odds ratio=1.997, p=0.048), prior CPR education (odds ratio=1.798, p=0.001), and accuracy of CPR knowledge (odds ratio=1.983, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Although general awareness of CPR among the Korean community is high, practical knowledge relating to the performance of basic CPR is poor. This suggests that present community CPR educational strategies had limited efficacy.
Adult ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest ; Public Health ; Resuscitation ; Telephone

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the pedagogical validity for a the six-years curriculum in pharmacy education in Korea. METHODS: The focus group, composed of 5 specialists, analyzed the pedagogical validity for a six-years curriculum from the perspective of administrative policies of higher education, educational sociology, curriculum composition, and educational economy. In addition, 3 consultants advised on the main issues related to the reformation of the school system in pharmacy education. RESULTS: It is not clear that the reformation of the school system in pharmacy education is aimed at undergraduate or graduate education in view of specialization of a higher education institute. The reformation of the school system is likely to cause educational inequality since a student who lacks financial support and cultural resources might give up entering pharmacy school. It also may ignite a struggle for power between pharmacists and physicians. The six- years curriculum is supposed to offer integrated experiences with a balance of theory and practice, representing characteristics such as consistency, clarity, reliability, and legitimacy. From the educational economy view, the validity of reformation of the school system can only be secured on the premise the expected income exceeds the total costs if the age-earning profile is constant in the current situation. CONCLUSION: Prior to discussions on the reformation of the school system in pharmacy education, the quality of pharmacy education should be improved first through multifarious efforts such as curriculum development, improvement to teaching and learning, introduction to an accreditation system, revision of the license examination, and graduate and continued pharmacy education and so on.
Accreditation ; Consultants ; Curriculum* ; Education ; Education, Graduate ; Education, Pharmacy* ; Financial Support ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Illegitimacy ; Korea ; Learning ; Licensure ; Pharmacists ; Pharmacy* ; Schools, Pharmacy ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Sociology ; Specialization