No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Immunotherapy*

Chronic cough is a symptom frequently encountered by the pediatrician. Although most coughs are self-limited, chronic cough often proves to be a frustrating problem. This study was performed at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 1992, and 83 children with chronic cough persisting for longer than 3 weeks was evaluated. We categorized these patients into 5 age groups (1. Infant: uner 12 months of age, 2. Toddler: above age 1~below age 3, 3. Preschool: above age 3~below age 6,4. School: above age 6~below age 6~below age 12, 5. Adolecent: above age 12). The most common cause of chronic cough was the reactive airway disease (71.1%) such as asthma with or without sinusitis (56.6%) and bronchiolitis-reactive (14.5%). In infant age group, the most frequent causes of chronic cough were reactive airway disease(52.4%)such as bronchiolitis-reactive (28.6%) and infantile asthma (23.8%). The second and third common causes were congenital anomalies(23.8%) and bronchiolitis-nonreactive (23.8%). In toddler age, the most common cause was the reactive airway disease such as infantile asthma (10 cases: 50%) and bronchiolitis reactive (6cases; 30%) and congenital anomalies were the second common causes of chronic cough. In preschool, school and adolescent age group, asthma and sinusitis were the main causes of chronic cough. In the groups above age 3,73.2% of chronic cough were associated with sinusitis. Therefore, in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of chronic cough, it should be considered that the cause of cough is either reactive airway disease with or without sinusitis or not. In infant and toddler age, congenital anomaly should be considered.
Adolescent ; Asthma ; Bronchiolitis ; Child* ; Cough* ; Humans ; Infant ; Sinusitis

This study was attempted to reveal the clinical and electroencephalographic findings in children who were experienced febrile convulsion and epilepsy. The subjects were 226 cases, under 15 years of age, who visited with convulsive disorders to the St. Mary's hospital between Jan. 1977 and Aug. 1978. Of these, 45 cases were febrile convulsion and 123 cases were epilepsies. The results were as follows : 1. The major cause of convulsions, in order of frequency, were epilepsy (54.4%), febrile convulsion (19.9%), meningitis and encephalitis (11.5%), cerebral palsy (4.0%), diarrhea (3.1%) and tetany (1.3%). 2. The leading cause of convulsions were different according to age : Before the age of 3, febrile convulsion, meningitis and encephalitis were common cause of convulsions and epilepsy was common after that age. 3. 68.8% of first febrile convulsion observed during the first 2 years of age. Male to female ratio was 3:2. 4. The EEG findings, of 24 cases with reccurent febrile convulsions, were normal in 29.9%, borderline in 8.3% and abnormal in 62.5% of them. The incidence of abnormal EEG findings were more frequent in the older children than in the younger ones : Of the 10 cases less than 3 years old, the chance of abnormal EEG findings was noted in 2 cases, compared to 13 cases of 14 cases more than 3 years old. This result suggest that the incidence of abnormal EEG in reccurent febrile convulsion seems to be correlated with the preexisting numbers of convulsive attacks. The findings of abnormal EEG were sporadic spike (40.0%), high voltage slow wave (20.0%), multiple spike (20.0%), slow wave dysrhythmia (13.3%) and spike and wave complex (6.7%). 5. The clinical type of epilepsies, in order of frequency, were grand mal (45.5%), minor motor seizure (17.1%), focal seizure (9.8%), petit mal absence (8.1%) and psychomotor seizure (4.9%). The major abnormal EEG finding in grand mal and focal seizure was asymmetric and focal slow wave, and it was found in 33.9% and 58.3% of their traces respectively. In psychomotor seizure, spike or sharp wave was noted in 66.7%, and in petit mal absence and minor seizure, spike and wave complex were noted 100.0% and 33.3% of them.
Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea ; Electroencephalography ; Encephalitis ; Epilepsy* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Meningitis ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile* ; Tetany

Clinical studies were made on 50 cases of chronic cough infants who were admitted to the department of Pediatrics of Kangnam St. Mary' s hospital from January, 1990 to July, 1991. The results were as follows; 1) The age distribution was from 3 months to 24 months old, and the most prevalent age group was 13~18months old. The male to female was 2.1:1. 2) The etiologic classification of the 50 cases were infantile asthma in 23 cases(46%), viral lower respiratory infection in 13 cases(26%), and infantile asthma associated with sinusitis in 5 cases(10%). 3) Cough was the most common clinical manifestation in all cases and followed by rhinorrhea, dyspnea, fever, and nasal stuffiness. Among physical findings, wheezing rales, and chest retraction were noted. 4) The duration of cough was 5 to 8 weeks in 26 cases(52%), 2 to weeks in 19 cases(38%), and above 9 weeks in 5 cases(10%). 5) 13 of 50 cases had a past allergic history and 8 of 50 cases had a family history of allergy. 6) In 50 cases, formula feeding was done in 28 cases(56%), breast feeing in 13 cases(26%), and mixed feeding in 9 cases(18%). 7) Eosinophilia was noted in 39.3% of infantile asthma and total IgE level above 100IUm/ml was noted in 60.7% of infantile asthma and in 18.2% of other diseases. 8) RAST results of infantile asthma showed that the positivity was 21.4% in house dust, 32.1% in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, 28.6% in Dermatophagoides farinae, 28.6% in egg white, 35.7% in milk. The ratio of positive RAST results were higher in infantile asthma than in other diseases. 9) Abnormal findings, including overinflation, infiltration, increased bronchovascular marking, and atelectasis, were noted in 42 cases(84%) on chest X-ray. In 7 cases, total opacification was noted on Waters' and Caldwell's view. In conclusion, chronic cough in infancy is best managed by determining the precise cause of the cough, then specificially treating the underlying disorder.
Age Distribution ; Asthma ; Breast ; Child, Preschool ; Classification ; Cough* ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ; Dust ; Dyspnea ; Egg White ; Eosinophilia ; Fees and Charges ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Infant ; Male ; Milk ; Pediatrics ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Respiratory Sounds ; Sinusitis ; Thorax

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a potent inducer of polyclonal B lymphocyte proliferation and a tool for the establishment of human B lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCLs), which have proven useful for several human immunologic applications. B-LCLs serve as efficient antibody-producing cells and antigen-presenting cells. In spite of these advantages, the cloning efficiency of B-LCLs is less than 1%. In order to generate clones of B-LCLs, we cultured B-LCLs with and without canine stromal cell line, DO64, as feeder cell which was immortalized by transduction of retrovirus encoding E6 and E7 of the human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV-16), which was defined to produce various cytokines including stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin- 6 (IL-6). After 3 weeks of B-LCLs cultured with DO64, 8.3% and 37.5% in 1 cell and 3 cells per well were efficiently cloned, respectively. There was no significant effect on growing of 8-LCLs without DO64 cells and on high concentration of FBS. The cloning efficiency of B-LCLs transduced by retrovirus cultured with and without DO64 cells was 4.2% and 0% in 3 cells per well, respectively, while that of stable transfectant 33.3% and 8.3% in 1 cell per well, respectively. Our results suggest that the use of DO64 cells as feeder cells might permit the cloning of B-LCLs. This efficient cloning of B-LCLs could be used for the convenient source of autologous antigen-presenting cells expressing foreign antigen for the study of human immune responses in vitro, and for a variety of additional purposes, such as the production of human monoclonal antibodies.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibody-Producing Cells ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; Cell Line* ; Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; Cytokines ; Feeder Cells* ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans* ; Lymphocytes ; Papilloma ; Retroviridae ; Stem Cell Factor ; Stromal Cells*

Orthostatic hypotension with other signs of progressive neuronal degeneration particularly affecting the autonomic nervous system has been recognized independently and is called Shy-Drager syndrome. Degenerative changes in the autonomic ganglia, loss of neurons in the intermediolateral columns and degenerative changes in the neurons of the cortex and basal ganglia have been reported on examination of this condition. The authors report a case of Shy-Drager Syndrome with symptoms of orthosatatic hypotension, dysarthria, Parkinson's features, muscle wasting, sexual impotence, atonic bladder and loss of sweating.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Basal Ganglia ; Dysarthria ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Ganglia, Autonomic ; Hypotension ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; Male ; Neurons ; Shy-Drager Syndrome* ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Urinary Bladder

Orthostatic hypotension with other signs of progressive neuronal degeneration particularly affecting the autonomic nervous system has been recognized independently and is called Shy-Drager syndrome. Degenerative changes in the autonomic ganglia, loss of neurons in the intermediolateral columns and degenerative changes in the neurons of the cortex and basal ganglia have been reported on examination of this condition. The authors report a case of Shy-Drager Syndrome with symptoms of orthosatatic hypotension, dysarthria, Parkinson's features, muscle wasting, sexual impotence, atonic bladder and loss of sweating.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Basal Ganglia ; Dysarthria ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Ganglia, Autonomic ; Hypotension ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; Male ; Neurons ; Shy-Drager Syndrome* ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Tachycardia, Supraventricular* ; Tachycardia, Ventricular*

No abstract available.
Moyamoya Disease* ; Seizures*