A study was conducted to present clinical and statistical analysis of pediatric patients admitted to Severance Hospital between Jan. 1966 and Dec. 1975. Remakable progress has been made in the field of pediatrics and pediatric surgery, particularly in physiology, anesthesiology and operative technique. However, the ultimate result hasn't been totally satisfactory, largely due to the lack of cognizance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Futhermore, most of the patients with associated abnormal conditions, such as congenital heart disease, other associated G.I. anomalies and chromosomal anomalies, require surgery, urgently A total of 250 cases were analyzed according to systems. The following results were obtained; 1. 1. In the sex ratio male to female was 6-7:1. 2. 2. The order of frequency of diseases was as follows; Congenital megacolon 50 cases(20.0%), Imperforated anus 45 cases (18.0%), Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 41 cases(16.4%), Congenital anomalies of intestine 29 cases (11.6%), Congenital anomalies of hepatobiliary system 25 cases(10.0%), Meckel's diverticulum 18 cases(7.2%), Situs inversus 11 cases (4.4%), Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 6cases(2.4%), Congenital anomalies of cecum 6 cases(2.4%), Esophageal diverticulum 6 cases (2.4%), Esophagealatresia 4 cases (1.6%), Congenital anomalies of pancreas 4 cases (1.6%), Patent omphalomessentric duct 2 cases (0.8%), Congenital intestinal perforation 2 cases (0.8%), and Congenital stomach perforation 1 cases (0.4%). 3. There was an overall mortality rate of 36 cases (18.9%), the causes of death were frequently associated with respiratory failure. 4. Associated congenital anomlies were found in 57 cases. They were G. I. Anomalies, congenital heart diseases, Down's syndrome and cleft palate. 5. Of significance was the fact in this study, congenital megacolon had the highest incidence which was in sharp contrast to accidental series in which congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis showed the peak incidence. These figures are very similar to that reported in various publications. This analysis suggest that a more keen understanding of neonatal physiology, embryology, surgical technique and improved post-operative care for anomalous patients, may certainly improve the ultimate outcome of corrective surgery.
Anal Canal ; Anesthesiology ; Cause of Death ; Cecum ; Cleft Palate ; Digestive System* ; Diverticulum, Esophageal ; Down Syndrome ; Early Diagnosis ; Embryology ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Hirschsprung Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intestinal Perforation ; Intestines ; Male ; Meckel Diverticulum ; Mortality ; Pancreas ; Pediatrics ; Physiology ; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Sex Ratio ; Situs Inversus ; Statistics as Topic* ; Stomach

The increasing emphasis upon the need for education in the modern world led to a number of interesting developments. For the good result of the education, adequate intellectual, physical, and environmental factors may by essential. A visually handicapped child may be hindered hisprocess in school. The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence and their relation to school achievement of visual defects and the method of correction. 516 children (3rd and 4th year classes of Kaewha primary school children in Seoul city) were examined their visual acuity with the Snellen chart. All the children were tested with each 25 problems selected from their textbook and nursery tale books. The results were obtained as follow ; 1. Among 516 children, 42 (8.1%) needs the use of the glasses (visual acuity less than 0.7 in one or both eyes). Severe visual defects (visual acuity less than 0.3 in one or both eyes) were found in 20 children (3.8%). 2. There was each case of albinism, congenital cataract of right eye, and myasthenia gravis. 3. The average of the written examination of the suggests that except severe cases, the visual defects do not affect the reading or school process significantly. 4. Among 42 cases of visually handicapped children, 7 cases were wearing the glasses and only 3 of them were corrected adequately. 5. Among 42 cases of visually handicapped children, the parents of 27 children did not know the visual defect of their children, and 2 parents had the wrong conception about the glasses. 6. The routine school visual screening test is an important part of the regular physical examination in school and it must be carried out at least once a year. We can expect a favorable outcome through the early detection and treatment of eye defects, and therefore visual examination must be done as early as possible.
Albinism ; Cataract ; Child* ; Disabled Children ; Disabled Persons ; Education ; Eyeglasses ; Fertilization ; Glass ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Myasthenia Gravis ; Nurseries ; Parents ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Seoul ; Visual Acuity*