1.The number of origin,points of entrance,and relationship with other structures of the renal arteries were studied in 111 adult male and 9 female cadavers. It was found that 84.2?2.35% belonged to 1 branch-type,of which 73.4?4.03% occurred bilaterally;the two-branch type consisted only 15.4?2.33%;the three branch type being only 0.4?0.41%. 2.The average height of origin of the renal arteries from the aorta was at the level of intervertebral disc between the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae,of which 50.0?5.23% were equal in height on both sides;in 34.1?5.05% the right side was higher than the left and in 15.9?3.90% was the reverse. 3.When two renal arteries were present,the accessory one arose at a lower level than the main artery,ranging from the level of lower border of the 1st lumbar vertebra to that of the upper border of the 5th lumbar vertebra. 4.In 78.2?2.90% of the cases,the renal arteries entered the kidney through the hilum,the rest of them entered dinectly into the kidney substance,most of which through the upper extremity of the kidney. 5.When two renal arteries were present,both entered the hilum in 75.0?7.21% of the cases. 6.In most of the cases (83.7?2.60%),the renal artery divided outside of the hilum.Its primary branches could be divided into 5 types,most of which were of the anterior-posterior or superior-inferior types.They were 59.1?3.88 and 34.3?3.65% respectively. 7.The relationship of the accessory renal artery with the ureter and the inferior venal cava was discussed.

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical effects of digital artery bilobed flap for the treatment of skin degloving injury of thumb.

METHODSFrom January 2007 to December 2012, 45 patients with skin degloving injury of thumb were treated with grafting of digital artery bilobed flap. There were 39 males and 6 females, ranging in age from 19 to 46 years, with an average of 32 years. The disease course ranged from 0.5 to 15 h. Eighteen patients suffered from defect of palmar skin above nail root and nail bed, 19 patients suffered from skin degloving injury of thumb phalangette, and 8 patients had whole skin degloving injury of thumb. The double lobe flaps were designed at the ulnar side of middle finger and the radial side of ring finger according to the defect of thumb skin. The arteria digitalis communis between the middle and ring fingers and its two branches of arteriae digitales propriae supplying the two fingers were used as a vessel pedicle. The flap with digitales proprii nervi was transposed and used to cover the exposed phalanx of thumb. Full thickness graft was used for the donor site. Observation of the appearance, texture, color and wear resistance of flap, appearance, color and depression of grafting area, skin feeling, and finger activities was conducted.

RESULTSAll the flaps and grafts were alive. Forty-three patients were followed up with an average duration of 25 months, and two patients lost follow-up. The color and texture of the flaps were similar to that of the contralateral thumb pulp. The average two point discrimination was 4.2 +/- 0.3 mm. The color of graft skin was slightly deeper than that of the surroundings skin.

CONCLUSIONDigital artery bilobed flap graft is an effective and ideal operation, which is of low risk and high success rates for skin degloving injury of thumb.

Adult ; Arteries ; surgery ; Female ; Finger Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps ; Thumb ; blood supply ; injuries ; surgery ; Young Adult

The social tagging system on Internet is a new model for the organization and communication of information resources in the modern network environment.After the social tagging system and information communication model were outlined,the information communication model in social tagging system and its advantages and disadvantages were analyzed with Watercress Network as an example,and suggestions were put forward for its optimization.

1.The ramification,distribution and collateral circulation of the intraorganic renal arteries have been studied in 130 kidneys from adults and children by means of dissection, injection of casting material or arteriography of fresh kidneys. 2.The intraorganic renal arteries were characterized by a segmented arrangement. The study of arterial casts and of individual segments injected with differently colored acetone-celluloid solution and of segmental arteriogram has shown that there is no col- lateral circulation between adjoining segments.According to the distribution of the ar- teries studied,the kidney is in most cases divisible into five segments—the apical,upper, middle,lower and posterior. 3.In 85.0?3.25% of cases the renal artery is single.Its primary divisions may be distinguished into certain types,among which the anterior-posterior(65.69?4.70%) and superior-inferior(23.53?4.20%)are of the most frequent occurrence.In the former, the anterior division usually gives rise to the apical,upper,middle and lower segmental arteries,while the posterior division continues as such into the posterior segment.In the latter,the superior division usually gives rise either to the apical,upper,middle and posterior or to the apical,upper and posterior,while the inferior division continues as the lower segmental artery or gives rise to middle and lower segmental arteries. Variations in the number,origin and distribution of the apical and lower segmental arteries have been described. 4.When two renal arteries are present instead of one,in 70.58?11.05% of cases, the accessory renal artery continues as the lower or apical segmental artery,while the main stem gives off the other segmental arteries. 5.The manner of branching of the primary division was classified into “main stem” and “dispersed”patterns.In the anterior half of kidney the “dispersed”pattern is most prevalent,whereas in the posterior half the “main stem”occurs more frequently.We have also found that the branching pattern is in close correlation with the external form of the kidney or the shape of the lips. 6.The sites at which the segmental arteries enter the renal parenchyma at the hilus are more or less regular.The location of the sites may be classified into three groups.

Various devices have been introduced in the field of orthopaedic surgery for the treatment of fractures and dislocations. Widely used among these are metallic nails and pins. A rare complication is the migration of such intermal fixation devices from their original sites of insertion. Examples of migration have been shown in cases for which devices like Kirschner wire and Steinmann pin were used. Acromio-clavicular joint dislocation gives us another good example. Kuntscher nail has beenin worldwide use for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures since the original work of Kuntscher in 1940. Yet few cases were reported, for migration & Kuntscher nail. We, recently had an experience of proximal migration of a Kuntscher nail in a femoral shaft fractnre which was markedly comminuted. The case is presented here with references.
Dislocations ; Femur ; Joints

A hemangioma occurred in the bony epiphysis is extremly rare. A 5-year-old boy visited to our hospital with pain and flexion contracture on the right knee. MRI showed some lesions scattered in the epiphysis of the distal femur and the proximal tibia. Biopsy specimen from the distal femoral epiphysis revealed pathologic findings compatible with hemangioma. On 8 years follow-up, the lesion in the distal femoral epiphysis had been cured, and those in the proximal tibial epiphysis were spontaneously disappeared without surgery. The scanogram shows no leg length discrepancy and angular deformity. We reports a rare case of hemangioma occurred in the bony epiphysis with the results of 8 year follow-up with the review of literatures.
Biopsy ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Epiphyses ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioma ; Knee ; Leg ; Preschool Child ; Tibia

Baker's cyst is found as most frequent cystic mass around the knee occurring between medial head of gastrocnemius muscle and semimembranosus muscle. The proximal or posterolateral extension of the cyst had been rarely reported and the cyst into the surrounding muscular tissue extremely rare. Intramuscular Baker's cyst that we report was found between lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle and popliteus tendon, and then extended into the plantaris muscle. With review of the literature, we here report a very rare case of plantaris muscular extension of Baker's cyst.
Head ; Knee ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Popliteal Cyst ; Tendons

Cadmium ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Metallothionein ; biosynthesis ; Ubiquitin ; biosynthesis

Cadmium ; adverse effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Risk Assessment

During the period from January 1972 to July 1979. chemical analysis of renal stones were performed on 40 cases treated in the department of urology, Kyung Hee University Hospital. The chemical composition of the calculi analyzed is recorded in the following...
Calculi ; Urology