To determine the usefulness of MR axial images for diagnosis ACL tears, we reviewed MRIs of 67 patients with ACL tear confirmed by arthroscopic examination, retrospectively. There were 53 acute and 14 chronic tears. The axial MR images had a 97% sensitivity(acute: 96%, chronic: 100%). Findings of acute ACL tears on sequential axial imaging could be categorized as 1) diffuse swelling with abnormal substance signal in 14 cases(27.5%), 2) focal bulging or irregularity of medial border in 11 cases(21.6%) or 3) combination of the two in 26 cases(50.9%). Findings of chronic ACL tears also could be categorized as abnormally irregular thin fibers in 6 cases(42.9%) or nonvisualization(empty lateral wall) in 8 cases(57.1%). We concluded that MR axial images could provide additional useful information in the diagnosis of ACL tear.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies

The funding acknowledgment in this article was omitted as published.

The funding acknowledgment in this article was omitted as published.

The latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap (LDMCF) is widely used for breast reconstruction. However, it has the disadvantage of frequent seroma formation at the donor site, and late seroma has also been reported. The authors report histological findings after the surgical treatment of a late, repeatedly recurrent seroma at 10 years after breast reconstruction with LDMCF. In 2008, a 66-year-old female patient underwent immediate breast reconstruction with LDMCF. In 2015, a late seroma was found at the donor site. After aspiration and drainage, the seroma recurred again in 2018. Total surgical excision of the seroma was performed and bloody-appearing fluid was identified in the capsule. The excised tissue was biopsied. Histological examination revealed no evidence of blood in the fluid, and multinucleated giant cells with amorphous eosinophilic proteinaceous material were identified. The cyst was suggestive of chronic granulomatous inflammation. There was no recurrence at 8 months postoperatively. The patient described herein underwent surgical treatment of late seroma that recurred after immediate breast reconstruction with LDMCF, and histological findings were identified. These results may be helpful for other future studies regarding late seroma after breast reconstruction with LDMCF.

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the nasolabial angle changes between closed lip position at centric occlusion and relaxed lip position at which the bite is open so that the lips do not touch and to elucidate the significance of the relaxed lip position for dentofacial diagnosis. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 60 (35 Males, 25 Females) skeletal Class III malocclusion adult patients (mean age 23.3 years) with anterior crossbite. RESULTS: In Class III malocclusion adult patients, there were significant differences in the nasolabial angle changes between closed lip position and relaxed lip position. Using the cluster analysis, the subjects were divided into three groups according to the pattern of nasolabial angle change: Group 1 (N = 27, 45%, -8 ~ 1), Group 2 (N = 30, 50%, 2degrees ~ 17), and Group 3 (N = 3, 5%, over 18). CONCLUSION: The results showed that the pattern of the nasolabial angle change between closed lip position and relaxed lip position varies in skeletal Class III malocclusion patients. Thus, relaxed lip position should be taken into account when diagnostic records are obtained and analyzed to accurately to evaluate the facial soft tissues and predict facial esthetics after surgical-orthodontic treatment.
Adult* ; Diagnosis ; Esthetics ; Humans ; Lip ; Male ; Malocclusion*

OBJECTIVE: Many factors are considered when a patient chooses the type of dental institution they wish to receive treatment from. Numerous studies have been conducted regarding this issue. However, more research is needed in analyzing the patient's psychological aspects when he/she decides to choose the dental institution they wish to receive treatment from. METHODS: A locus of control test was utilized to analyze the psychological aspects in orthodontic patients of a university dental hospital and a private dental clinic. The locus of control test is known to be useful in predicting a human being's behavior. Both intrinsic and extrinsic locus of control tests were carried out in 934 orthodontic patients attending Seoul National University Dental Hospital and 1466 orthodontic patients from a private dental clinic. RESULTS: The orthodontic patients at the university dental hospital showed a stronger extrinsic locus of control compared with those from the private dental clinic. CONCLUSION: The orthodontic patients at the university dental hospital value the doctor as the authority figure and the treatment quality more than those at the private dental clinic.
Dental Clinics* ; Humans ; Internal-External Control* ; Seoul

This paper describes the case of a 50-year-old female with a Class II malocclusion who presented with severe bimaxillary protrusion and generalized alveolar bone loss due to adult periodontitis. The treatment plan consisted of extracting both upper and lower first premolars and periodontal treatment. Anterior segmental osteotomy (ASO) of the mandible and upper anterior segment retraction using compression osteogenesis after peri-segmental corticotomy (Speedy orthodontics) was performed. Correct overbite and overjet, facial balance, and improvement of lip protrusion were obtained. However, a slight root resorption tendency was observed on the lower anterior dentition. The active treatment period was 9 months and the results were stable for 27 months after debonding. This new type of treatment mechanics can be an effective alternative to orthognathic surgery.
Adult ; Alveolar Bone Loss ; Bicuspid ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Dentition ; Female ; Humans ; Lip ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Mechanics ; Middle Aged ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Osteogenesis ; Osteotomy ; Overbite ; Root Resorption

OBJECTIVE: In general, quadriplegic patients use their voices to call the caregiver. However, severe quadriplegic patients are in a state of tracheostomy, and cannot generate a voice. These patients require other communication tools to call caregivers. Recently, monitoring of eye status using artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in various fields. We made eye status monitoring system using deep learning, and developed a communication system for quadriplegic patients can call the caregiver. METHODS: The communication system consists of 3 programs. The first program was developed for automatic capturing of eye images from the face using a webcam. It continuously captured and stored 15 eye images per second. Secondly, the captured eye images were evaluated for open or closed status by deep learning, which is a type of AI. Google TensorFlow was used as a machine learning tool or library for convolutional neural network. A total of 18,000 images were used to train deep learning system. Finally, the program was developed to utter a sound when the left eye was closed for 3 seconds. RESULTS: The test accuracy of eye status was 98.7%. In practice, when the quadriplegic patient looked at the webcam and closed his left eye for 3 seconds, the sound for calling a caregiver was generated. CONCLUSION: Our eye status detection software using AI is very accurate, and the calling system for the quadriplegic patient was satisfactory.
Artificial Intelligence ; Caregivers ; Humans ; Learning ; Machine Learning ; Quadriplegia ; Tracheostomy ; Unsupervised Machine Learning ; Voice

A 7-year-old spayed female English Cocker Spaniel dog presented with polyuria (PU), polydipsia (PD), intermittent vomiting, and weight loss. Physical examination revealed pale, tacky mucous membranes and severe emaciation. Hematological and biochemical examinations revealed moderate normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia and moderate azotemia. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated bilaterally small lumpy-bumpy kidneys with hyperechoic parenchyma as well as loss of renal corticomedullary junction. Based on clinical history and examinations, the dog was diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The dog was treated with supportive care including fluid therapy, phosphate-binding agent, and histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Darbepoetin Alfa was administered to control renal secondary non-regenerative anemia. Prescribed diet with low-protein and low-phosphorus was fed to alleviate CKD signs. Further, dietary probiotics were supplemented. This case demonstrates that oral probiotic supplementation helped reduce blood urea-nitrogen (BUN) levels. This case indicates that dietary probiotics can be a potential alternative therapeutic agent for management of renal failure.
Anemia ; Animals ; Azotemia ; Child ; Darbepoetin alfa ; Diet ; Dietary Supplements* ; Dogs* ; Emaciation ; Female ; Fluid Therapy ; Histamine ; Humans ; Kidney ; Mucous Membrane ; Physical Examination ; Polydipsia ; Polyuria ; Probiotics* ; Renal Insufficiency ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic* ; Ultrasonography ; Vomiting ; Weight Loss

OBJECTIVE: Arterial compliance (AC) reflects the buffering function of the vessel. Low AC caused by arterial stiffness increases pulse pressure amplitude. Therefore, Low AC must be correlated with high cardiovascular mobidity and mortality in HD patients. Dialysate calcium concentration is potentially a main determinant of serum ionized calcium level and the vasoconstriction is associated with high calcium concentration. Therefore, We conducted a study for evaluation of the interdialytic effects of treatment with a low dialysate calcium (LdCa) concentration and high dialysate calcium (HdCa) concentration on the changes of AC, BP, biochemical parameters. METHODS: Eight HD patient (mean age 45.5, sex ratio 1 : 1) were studied. The mean HD period was 3 years. Arterial Compliance, stroke Volume, SBP, DBP, PP, MAP, Ionized Ca, T-CO2, P and CaxP product were compared after treatment with a LdCa and HdCa concentration for each 10 sessions. RESULTS: AC were 0.143+/-0.076 mm2/kPa in baseline, 0.166+/-0.097 mm2/kPa in LdCa (1.25 mmol/L) dialysate, 0.142+/-0.082 mm2/kPa in HdCa (1.75 mmol/L) dialysate. SBP, DBP, MAP and PP were 157.75+/-15.97, 94.25+/-9.48, 114.12+/-10.56, 63.50+/-10.87 mmHg in baseline and 135.25+/-13.00, 78.75+/-11.24, 98.37+/-15.14, 56.50+/-5.95 mmHg in LdCa dialysate and 160.50+/-15.36, 94.05+/-10.34, 115.75+/-9.64, 62.00+/-15.71 mmHg in HdCa dialysate. Ionized Ca were 4.66+/-0.40 mg/dL in baseline, 4.45+/-0.28 mg/dL in LdCa dialysate and 4.65+/-0.43 mg/dL in HdCa dialysate. However, there were no changes of other biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION: Treatment with LdCa dialysis, by minimizing the risk for LdCa-induced hypocalcemia, may have a beneficial role in the prevention of the ongoing reduction of arterial compliance in HD patients and thus improve cardiovascular prognosis.
Blood Pressure ; Calcium* ; Compliance ; Dialysis ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Renal Dialysis* ; Sex Ratio ; Stroke Volume ; Vascular Stiffness ; Vasoconstriction