PURPOSE: This study was done to explore factors related to amount of service use for elders with long-term care needs. METHODS: A descriptive-correlation design was used. The sample included 259 elders and their primary caregivers who had cared for the elders for at least 6 months. Data on long-term care need assessment, service use and interviews with primary caregivers were analyzed. RESULTS: There was no significant relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics and the amount of services use. Amount of service use differed significantly by Long-term care classification. The mean scores for class 1, 2 and 3 were 22.68, 21.47 and 17.87 days respectively. Primary caregiver relationship with the elders and the number of family-friend helpers were also significant. Multivariate regression analysis showed that gender, marital status, activities of daily living, cognitive impairment, and secondary caregiver support explained 17% of the total variance of service use among these elders (F=3.50, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that critical factors including secondary caregiver support and individual background, and other functional dependencies except for physical function should be considered in accurately predicting the amount of service use for community dwelling elders with long-term care needs.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Caregivers ; Home Care Services ; Humans ; Long-Term Care ; Marital Status

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors of nurses' patient safety behavior during inter-hospital transfer. The study was based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). METHODS: A descriptive survey design was used. Data were collected with a self-administrated 39-item questionnaire completed by 111 nurses from a university hospital in Seoul, South Korea. The questionnaire was developed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) guideline and included measure of self- reported past patient safety behaviors, intentions, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral controls. Ethical approval was granted by the hospital review board. Hierarchical regression analyses were carried out. RESULTS: The average score of patient safety behavior was 4.21±0.63 (5 point scale). The TPB variables explained 49.9%of the variance in patient safety behavior. Intention and subjective norm were the most significant predictors of nurses' patient safety behavior. Attitude was related to nurses'patient safety behavior. CONCLUSION: TPB variables predicted the nurses'patient safety behavior during inter-hospital transfer of patients except for perceived behavioral controls. The results of this study suggest that better strategies for subjective norms and intentions related to patient safety behavior will be helpful in safety culture reform.
Financing, Organized ; Humans ; Intention ; Korea ; Patient Safety* ; Safety Management ; Seoul

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relation between violence experiences and the professional quality of life for hospital nurses. METHODS: The participants for this study were 212 nurses in one general and three special hospitals located in the metropolitan area of Seoul, South Korea. Data gathered through October and November 2013 were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi2 test. RESULTS: Nurses experienced verbal violence, physical threats and physical violence more frequently from patients and their families rather than from doctors or peer nurses. Nurse's compassion satisfaction was low when nurses experienced violence from peer nurses. Burnout was high when nurses experienced violence from doctors, peer nurses, patients and their families. Secondary traumatic stress was affected by violence from patients and their families. The professional quality of life of nurses was associated with violence from doctors, peer nurses, patients and their families. Of the nurses, 69.3% answered that formation of a positive organizational culture would be the most effective measure for prevention of violence in hospitals. CONCLUSION: The formation of positive organizational culture, development of violence intervention policies and education are crucial to improve the professional quality of hospital nurses' life.
Education ; Empathy ; Hospitals, Special ; Humans ; Korea ; Organizational Culture ; Quality of Life* ; Seoul ; Violence*

Purpose: This study explored how just culture, authentic leadership, safety climate, patient safety knowledge, and safety motivation all affect military nurses' reporting of patient safety events. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional and descriptive correlational design. Data were collected from 303 nurses working across eight military hospitals under the jurisdiction of the Armed Forces Medical Command in South Korea, from June 17 to July 25, 2020. The hypothesized model was then validated using structural equation modeling. Results: The participating military nurses did not show any proactive attitudes toward reporting near misses when compared with their responses to adverse or no-harm events. The final model exhibited goodness of fit. Herein, both safety climate (β = 0.35, p = .009) and patient safety knowledge (β = 0.17, p = .025) directly influence patient safety event reporting. Moreover, just culture indirectly influences patient safety event reporting (β = 0.31, p = .002). The discovered influencing factors account for 22.9% of the variance in explaining patient safety event reporting. Conclusions Our findings indicate that just culture, safety climate, and patient safety knowledge either directly or indirectly affected patient safety event reporting among military nurses. These findings then serve to provide a theoretical basis for developing more effective strategies that would then improve military nurses' patient safety behaviors.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between job characteristics, organizational culture, job satisfaction and turnover intention, including the direct and indirect effects of the variables on turnover intention. METHODS: A questionnaire was completed by a convenience sample of 144 nurses working for two public institutions. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, Hierarchical multiple regression and Path analysis with SPSS/WIN 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs. RESULTS: The mean score for job satisfaction and turnover intention was similar to that of other hospital nurses. The factors affecting job satisfaction were: position, number of job changes, relationship-oriented culture, and hierarchical-oriented culture(Adj. R2=.48, F=14.43, p<.001). The factors affecting turnover intention were: age, position, overtime, and job satisfaction(Adj. R2=.61, F=19.48, p<.001). Job autonomy and relationship-oriented culture had a significant indirect effect on turnover intention. CONCLUSION: In developing intervention strategies to improve job satisfaction and reduce turnover intention there is a need to consider both the job characteristics and organizational culture of nurses in public institutions.
Intention* ; Job Description ; Job Satisfaction* ; Organizational Culture* ; Personnel Turnover

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify correlations among emotional labor, servant leadership, and communication competence in hospital nurses. METHODS: A self-administrated survey was conducted with a convenient sample of 210 nurses, using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: The mean emotional labor score was 3.4+/-0.60. There was very strong and negative correlation between emotional labor and servant leadership (r=-.896, p<.001). Communication competence was positively correlated with servant leadership (r=.298, p<.001) and moderately and negatively correlated with both frequency of emotional labor (r=-.166, p=.016) and the degree of attention to emotional expression (r=-.143, p=.039). CONCLUSION: As a strategy to reduce emotional labor of hospital nurses, the findings suggest training programs for nurses to enhance servant leadership and communication competence.
Education ; Leadership* ; Mental Competency* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the perception of role transition from a student nurse to a registered nurse among senior year nursing students and to examine factors affecting their role transition. METHODS: A descriptive survey with convenience sampling was conducted in four nursing colleges in Seoul, South Korea. Data were collected using a self-administrated questionnaire. Four instruments including role transition, self-esteem, interpersonal relationships and anxiety during clinical practicum were used and the students'demographics were also collected. A multiple logistic regression was used to identify predictors for the role transition. RESULTS: A total of 233 nursing students were surveyed and final analysis was conducted utilizing 226 participants. Mean point of perceived role transition (5 point scale) was 3.34+/-0.44. In a multiple regression model, high self-esteem, good interpersonal relationships, low anxiety during clinical practicum, and high satisfaction in college life were significant predictors of a smooth transition (Adj. R2=.32, F=22.28, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that role transition from a student nurse to a registered nurse is facilitated through the establishment of programs to improve self-esteem and interpersonal relationships and to reduce anxiety during clinical practicum.
Anxiety ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Students, Nursing*

Cost effectiveness is a recent and newly emerging approach in nursing evaluation studies. Nursing is in a unique position among health care providers to respond to these efforts and is ready to provide evidence of its cost-effectiveness because nurses has long advocated a holistic view of patient care, that means, nurses are unique position to identify the full range of costs and effects. The cumulative evidence showed that nurses provided cost-effective care that substituted for physician services in many situations and new and important services in long-term care and nursing homes. The purpose of this article is to review, critique, and synthesize research on the cost-effectiveness of nursing care from the research methodology perspective. Two major problems are apparent from this review. First, there is no uniform approach to identifying and valuing resources used in producing nursing intervention options. Second, although it is not difficult to find reports of cost savings, the cost to effect ratio was not used to evaluate the relationship between the cost and effects of alternative options. Based on my analysis, the nursing CEA literature seemed to have huge variation in methods, so that it is not easy to compare the CEA methods among studies. There are still such methodological problems as we found in the literature review. Many of the studies reviewed here would have profited from improved designs. Therefore, future cost-effectiveness analyses should include methodological progress in the context of nursing area application such as the definition and quantification of multi-attribute effectiveness measures, employment of sensitivity analysis, a concept of discount. Nurse and nurse researchers should consider cost-effectiveness questions when addressing other research questions. Because these efforts are forcing policy makers to consider the economics of nursing, nurses should demonstrate and document the value of nursing as compared to other uses of society's health care resources.
Administrative Personnel ; Cost Savings ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Delivery of Health Care ; Employment ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Long-Term Care ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Evaluation Research ; Nursing Homes ; Nursing Research* ; Nursing* ; Patient Care ; Research Design

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of nurses' emotional intelligence and communication within the organization on teamwork in Armed Forces hospitals. METHODS: This study employed a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 195 nurses from five Armed Forces hospitals in Korea. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from August 7 to 23, 2017 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. The SPSS/WIN 21.0 program was used for all analyses. RESULTS: The degree of teamwork was 5.03±0.73, with scores ranging from 1 to 7. Emotional intelligence and communication within the organization were positively correlated with teamwork. Specifically, communication within the organization (β=.60, p < .001), the intensive care unit (β=.21, p=.001), and the medical general ward (β=.17, p=.010) were identified as factors influencing teamwork. This model explained 51% of the variance in teamwork, and it was statistically significant (F=35.09, p < .001). CONCLUSION: These results imply the need to develop an approach including communication within the organization to improve teamwork among nurses in Armed Forces hospitals.
Arm ; Emotional Intelligence ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea ; Patients' Rooms

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the perception and factors affecting social responsibility in nursing students. METHODS: The participants for this study were 301 nursing students in three universities and three colleges located in Seoul, Gyeonggi or Gyeongbuk in South Korea. Data were collected in Dec, 2015 using structured questionnaires and analyzed using independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score for social responsibility of nursing students had a significant positive correlation with satisfaction with nursing major, nursing professionalism and sociality. Sociality, nursing professionalism and nursing major satisfaction were the major predictors of social responsibility and explained 51.0%(F=142.67, p < .001) of the total variance in the study. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that it is necessary to develop strategies to promote the various nursing curricular programs that reinforce social responsibility in nursing college students.
Gyeonggi-do ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing ; Professionalism ; Seoul ; Social Responsibility ; Students, Nursing