The effect of dietary supplementation of the two oriental medicinal prescriptions, Sypjeondaebotang or Jahyulyanggeuntang, on iron bioavailability was evaluated in rats which were depleted of iron by being fed an irondeficient diet for 4 weeks. Seventy two iron-depleted rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 24) , and fld one of the following experimental diets for 4 (n=8), 12 (n=8), and 25 days (n=8) : Control diet (CD), Sypjeondaebotang-supplemented diet (SD), Jahyulyanggeuntang -supplemented diet (JD). The CD contained 20 mg Fe/kg diet as FeSO4, and the SD or JD was identical except that the respective oriental medicinal prescription extract was included at the level of 4 g/kg diet. Animals fed the SD and JD for 25 days consumed significantly less food (p<0.001), but showed no change in food efficiency ratio compared to those that were fed the CD. Serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation values were significantly higher in rats fed the SD for 25 days compared to those that were fed the CD for the same period (p<0.05). The values of serum UIBC (p<0.05) and TIBC (p>0.05) were lower in rats fed the SD compared to those fed the CD. Dietary supplementation of Sypjeondaebotang during the period of iron repletion significantly increased blood levels of hemoglobin (p<0.05) and hematocrit (p<0.01) measured at day 12, and increased mean corpuscular volume (p<0.05) measured at day 25, compared to the values for the CD rats. Regression analyses of hemoglobin-repletion bioassay data from rats fed the SD and JD showed the relative biological values of 123% and 99%, respectively, calculated against the slope for the CD rats. Apparent iron absorption and retention values were also significantly lower (p<0.05) in rats fed the SD for 25 days than those for the CD rats. Based on the results from diverse biochemical indices of iron status and the chemical balance study, the effect of Jahyulyanggeuntang on iron bioavailability appears to be less prominent than that for Sypjeondaebotang. Taken together, these results indicate that Sypjeondaebotang has a positive effect in restoring iron depletion by increasing the iron bioavailability in rats.
Absorption ; Animals ; Biological Assay ; Biological Availability* ; Diet ; Dietary Supplements* ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Hematocrit ; Iron* ; Prescriptions ; Rats* ; Transferrin

The ruptured aneurysms are frequently complicated with cerebral infarction, rebleeding, hydrocephalus and severe medical complications which add secondary injury to the brain surviving initial hemorrhage. Early diagnosis and judicious medical management for the complications as they occur will improve patient outcome. This paper will review current opinion about prevention and management of secondary complications associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Aneurysm* ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Brain ; Cerebral Infarction ; Early Diagnosis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

PURPOSE: Distant metastasis can occur early after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with rectal cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients who developed early systemic failure. METHODS: The patients who underwent neoadjuvant CRT for a rectal adenocarcinoma between June 2007 and July 2015 were included in this study. Patients who developed distant metastasis within 6 months after CRT were identified. We compared short- and long-term clinicopathologic outcomes of patients in the early failure (EF) group with those of patients in the control group. RESULTS: Of 107 patients who underwent neoadjuvant CRT for rectal cancer, 7 developed early systemic failure. The lung was the most common metastatic site. In the EF group, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen was higher (5 mg/mL vs. 2 mg/mL, P = 0.010), and capecitabine as a sensitizer of CRT was used more frequently (28.6% vs. 3%, P = 0.002). Of the 7 patients in the EF group, only 4 underwent a primary tumor resection (57.1%), in contrast to the 100% resection rate in the control group (P < 0.001). In terms of pathologic outcomes, ypN and TNM stages were more advanced in the EF group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.047, respectively), and numbers of positive and retrieved lymph nodes were much higher (P < 0.001 and P = 0.027, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although early distant metastasis after CRT for rectal cancer is very rare, patients who developed early metastasis showed a poor nodal response with a low primary tumor resection rate and poor oncologic outcomes.
Adenocarcinoma ; Capecitabine ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rectal Neoplasms

This study was undertaken to examine effects of dietary intake of garcinia cambogia extract, soy peptide and L-carnitine mixture on body weight gain and obesity-related bio-markers in rats fed high-fat diet for 9 weeks with or without regular treadmill exercise. Forty 5-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups; sedentary control group (SC), exercised control group (EC), sedentary formula-fed group (SF), and exercised formula-fed group (EF). The SC and EC rats were fed high-fat control diet (fat comprises 40% of total caloris), and SF and EF rats were fed high-fat formula (composed of garcinia cambogia, soy peptide and L-carnitine) supplemented diet. Statistical analyses by two-way ANOVA indicated that the regular treadmill exercise significantly lowered cumulative body weight gain, total visceral fat mass, and epididymal, perirenal and retroperitoneal fat pad weights, and serum concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL + VLDL cholesterol, insulin, c-peptide and leptin. Feeding the formula also resulted in significant reductions in cumulative body weight gain and visceral fat pad weights, along with other related parameters including serum total and LDL + VLDL cholesterol levels, and hepatic enzyme activities involved in fatty acid synthesis. Statistical analyses by one-way ANOVA revealed that the formula consumption significantly improved body weight gain (18% reduction), total visceral fat weight (20% reductions), and serum total (43% reduction) and LDL + VLDL cholesterol (54% reduction) levels, as well as serum levels of insulin (49% reduction), and c-peptide (41% reduction) in sedentary rats, but failed to exhibit significant reductions in these indices in animals under treadmill exercise program. Taken together, these results suggest that the treadmill exercise per se exhibited significant improvements in body fat reduction and other related bio-markers, and so the formula consumption did not achieve a further significant reductions in these bio-markers in exercised rats. Nevertheless, animals fed the formula with regular exercise showed the most efficient weight reduction compared to other groups either fed formula without exercise or received regular exercise without dietary supplementation.
Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Body Weight* ; C-Peptide ; Carnitine* ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, VLDL ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat* ; Dietary Supplements ; Garcinia cambogia* ; Garcinia* ; Humans ; Insulin ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Leptin ; Male ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Weight Loss ; Weights and Measures

Systemic multiple aneurysms are rare, and an association between intracranial and visceral arterial or abdominal aortic aneurysm in the same patient is a very rare occurrence. We report herein three such cases. In one case, aneurysms of the right internal carotid artery(ICA) and the right middle cerevral arterial bifurcation(MCAB) coexisted with the inferior pancreaticoduodenal arterial pseudoaneurysm and two ileal arterial aneurysms. In another case, the patient had the A-com arterial aneurysm and the right renal arterial aneurysm. And in the other patient, he had the right vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm with the abdominal aortic aneurym. Initially, all patients were referred to our hospital with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), and thereafter first two patients developed visceral arterial aneurysm rupture in the course of hospital stay and in the last patient, the abdominal aortic aneurysm was detected incidentally during carotid angiogram for Guglielmi detachable coil(GDC) embolization of vertebral dissecting aneurym. After thorough review of our cases together with pertinent literatures, we emphasize the possibility of underlying extracranial aneurysms in ruptured intracranial arterial aneurysm patient and it's uncommon but fatal complication.
Aneurysm* ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; Aneurysm, False ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Rupture ; Vertebral Artery

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clip reinforcement technique by circumferential wrapping with silastic sheet for the treatment of unclippable cerebral aneurysms and evaluate its long term follow-up results. METHODS: The nature of 26 unclippable aneurysms were as follow:12 blister-like superior wall aneurysm of internal carotid artery (ICA), 6 microaneurysms (<2 mm), 4 fusiform aneurysms, 4 broad-based aneurysms. After aneurysm and the parent artery are circumferentially wrapped by silastic sheet, aneurysm clips are positioned on the sheet with parallel to the parent artery. The mean follow-up period was 37 months (range, 3-140 months). RESULTS: 25 of 26 patients had a favorable outcome and one patient had a severe disabled due to severe vasospasm at 3 months after operation. Of the 21 patients who underwent immediate angiographic examination, stenosis of parent artery was detected in 6 patients and remnant of aneurysm in 4 patients. Asymptomatic occlusion of parent artery was observed in one patient on follow-up angiographic examination. 22 of 24 patients followed-up for a long time had a favorable outcome and 2 patients had a severe disabled (one patient was due to previous severe disabled and the other was due to thalamic intracerebral hematoma developed during the follow-up period). CONCLUSION: In our study, there was no clip reinforcement technique-related clinical complications such as rebleeding of aneurysm or ischemic event during follow-up period. Clip reinforcement technique by circumferential wrapping with silastic sheet is simple and useful method for the unclippable cerebral aneurysm.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Parents

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects of temporary clipping on an infarction after middle cerebral artery aneurysmal surgery. METHODS: Three hundreds and seventeen patients with a middle cerebral artery aneurysm were treated surgically at our department. Among them, the patients who had an intracerebral hematoma or a cerebral infarction prior to surgery or poor clinical mental state (Hunt and Hess grade V) on admission were excluded from the analysis. Two hundreds and twenty nine patients were selected in this study. An acute cerebral infarction, which had no any evidence of retraction injury or vasospasm and occurred on the same side of the surgical site within 3 days after the operation, was regarded as the cerebral infarction as a result of the temporary clipping. RESULTS: Twenty out of 229 patients (8.7%) developed a new acute cerebral infarction after surgery. The causes of the infarction were as follows: 13 patients related to the temporary clipping, 5 patients to the vasospasm and 2 patients to the brain retraction injury. The incidence of an acute cerebral infarction according to the frequency of temporary clippings was 5.5% (3 of 55 patients) of those who underwent a single temporary clipping, 6.7% (4 of 60 patients) of those who underwent two or three temporary clipping and 20.7% (6 of 29 patients) of those who underwent more than 4 temporary clippings. The incidence of an acute cerebral infarction was significantly higher when the temporary clip had been applied more than 4 times (P<0.021). However, the clipping time didn't show statistically significance. CONCLUSION: The incidence of acute cerebral infarction after a surgery for a middle cerebral artery aneurysm was related to the frequency of temporary clippings during surgery. It was significantly higher in the cases where more than 4 temporary clipping had been applied.
Aneurysm ; Brain ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Middle Cerebral Artery*

BACKGROUND: The ultimate goal of minimally invasive surgery to the cerebral lesions is the smallest possible approach with an optimal surgical results. We present our experience in the surgery for anterior circulation aneurysms by using trans-supraorbital approach. METHODS: Between December 1998 and September 1999 seventeen patients with nineteen anterior circulation aneurysms were operated on via trans-supraorbital approach. Through a 4 to 5 centimeters long eyebrow or wrinkle incision trans-supraorbital approach was performed making a 3x2 cm bone flap including the orbital roof and rim. Advantages, indication of the this approach are discussed and surgical results are presented. RESULTS: All aneurysm were clipped without remmant. Outcome evaluated by the Glasgow outcome scale at 3 months after surgery was as follows; good recovery in 14 patients, moderate disability in 2 patients, severe disability in 1 patients. There was no procedure-related complications in our series. CONCLUSION: The trans-supraorbital approach to anterior circulation aneurysms may be the alternative minimally invasive approach in selected aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.
Aneurysm* ; Eyebrows ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Humans ; Orbit ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive

Background: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of workplace hazards and organizational protection resources according to the size of the enterprise in the manufacturing industry of the Republic of Korea. Methods: We analyzed data of waged workers (weighted N = 5,879) from the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2017). Enterprise sizes were categorized as “micro enterprises” (less than five employees), “small enterprises” (5–49 employees) and “medium-large enterprises” (50 or more employees). Self-reported exposure to 18 physical, chemical, ergonomic, and psychological hazards were measured. The presence of organizational protection resources such as a labor union, a safety delegate working at the company, designated spaces to deal with safety, and the provision of health and safety information was evaluated. Results: Compared to workers in medium-large enterprises, those in micro enterprises showed a higher proportion of exposure to most of physical, chemical, ergonomic, and psychological hazards, except for exposure to solvents, prolonged sitting, and experiencing a state of emotional unrest. On the other hand, workers in micro enterprises had the lowest proportion of access to organizational protection resources. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that manufacturing workers at the micro enterprise in the Republic of Korea are exposed to the most hazardous work environment and yet have access to the fewest organizational protection resources.

Post-cardiac injury syndrome (PCIS) is an uncommon complication arising from pericardial and myocardial damage, encompassing post-cardiac surgery, percutaneous intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome, cardiac device implantation, and radiofrequency ablation. The etiology of PCIS is not clearly defined, with approximately 50% of cases remaining idiopathic.Manifestations and symptoms of PCIS vary significantly among patients. Herein, we report a rare case of a 62-year-old male with PCIS that occurred after PCI for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction in an end-stage renal disease (ESRD) hemodialysis (HD) patient. He suddenly developed chest pain, fever, low blood pressure, cold sweating, tachycardia, desaturation and cardiac tamponade with cardiogenic shock after one week of PCI. After emergency pericardiocentesis, he was able to come out of cardiogenic shock. Ultimately, his clinical symptoms improved further with concurrent long-term medical treatment such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and colchicine. This case illustrates a rare and unusual case of a relatively subacute onset PCIS in an ESRD patient on HD following emergency PCI. Although pericardial effusion is commonly detected in ESRD patients on HD, cardiologist should not overlook PCIS in dialysis patients, given the potential resemblance to uremic pericarditis or effusion. In addition, imaging modality such as transthoracic echocardiography has significantly important roles in case of urgent situation in order to make differential diagnosis as like this case.