1.Current Status and Perspectives of Cysticercosis and Taeniasis in Japan.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2013;51(1):19-29
This mini-review describes recent epidemiological trends in cysticercosis and taeniasis in Japan. Some of the topics discussed herein were presented at the first symposium on "Current perspectives of Taenia asiatica researches", that was held in Osong in Chungbuk Province, South Korea, in October 2011 and organized by Prof. K. S. Eom, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine. To better understand the trends in the occurrence of cysticercosis and taeniasis in Japan, clinical cases reported in 2005 have been updated. In addition, the current status of Taenia asiatica infections successively occurring in Japan since 2010 is also discussed.
Animals
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Humans
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Incidence
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Japan/epidemiology
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Prevalence
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Taenia/*isolation & purification
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Taeniasis/*epidemiology
2.Discovery of Taeniid Eggs from A 17th Century Tomb in Korea.
Hye Jung LEE ; Dong Hoon SHIN ; Min SEO
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2011;49(3):327-329
Even though Taenia spp. eggs are occasionally discovered from archeological remains around the world, these eggs have never been discovered in ancient samples from Korea. When we attempted to re-examine the archeological samples maintained in our collection, the eggs of Taenia spp., 5 in total number, were recovered from a tomb of Gongju-si. The eggs had radially striated embryophore, and 37.5-40.0 micromx37.5 microm in size. This is the first report on taeniid eggs from ancient samples of Korea, and it is suggested that intensive examination of voluminous archeological samples should be needed for identification of Taenia spp.
Animals
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*Fossils
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Ovum
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Republic of Korea
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Taenia/anatomy & histology/*embryology/*isolation & purification
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Taeniasis/*parasitology
3.Geographical Distribution of Taenia asiatica and Related Species.
Keeseon S EOM ; Hyeong Kyu JEON ; Han Jong RIM
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2009;47(Suppl):S115-S124
Geographical information of Taenia asiatica is reviewed together with that of T. solium and T. saginata. Current distribution of T. asiatica was found to be mostly from Asian countries: the Republic of Korea, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, and Thailand. Molecular genotypic techniques have found out more countries with T. asiatica from Japan, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Specimens used in this paper were collected from around the world and mostly during international collaboration projects of Korean foundations for parasite control activities (1995-2009) in developing countries.
Animals
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Asia
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Developing Countries
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Echinococcosis/*parasitology
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Humans
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Taenia/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
4.High Prevalence of Haplorchiasis in Nan and Lampang Provinces, Thailand, Proven by Adult Worm Recovery from Suspected Opisthorchiasis Cases.
Adulsak WIJIT ; Nimit MORAKOTE ; Jaewwaew KLINCHID
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2013;51(6):767-769
Opisthorchiasis, a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma in humans, is of public health importance in Thailand. The Annual Surveillance Reports from Nan and Lampang Provinces, Thailand, for the year 2011 showed an opisthorchiasis prevalence of over 70% by recovery of eggs in the feces. This study investigated whether most cases are actually due to minute intestinal flukes (MIF) rather than Opisthorchis viverrini, as the eggs of both can hardly be differentiated by morphology. Fifty and 100 cases from residents in Nan and Lampang, respectively, had stools positive for eggs initially assumed to be those of O. viverrini. Each patient was given praziquantel at 40 mg/kg in a single dose. After 2 hr, 30-45 ml of the purgative magnesium sulfate was given, and stools were collected up to 4 times sequentially. The stools were examined for adult worms by simple sedimentation. It was found that 39 of 50 cases (78.0%) from Nan Province had Haplorchis taichui, with intensities ranging from 5 to 1,250 with an average of 62 worms/case. Taenia saginata (7 cases) and Enterobius vermicularis (1 case) were other helminths recovered as the co-infectants. In Lampang Province, H. taichui was recovered from 69 cases (69.0%). The number of flukes recovered ranged from 1 to 4,277, with an average of 326 worms/case. Four cases had Phaneropsolus bonnei, and 10 T. saginata as the co-infectants. Adult specimens of O. viverrini were not recovered from any stool. Clearly, MIF infection, especially haplorchiasis, is more common in northern Thailand. These findings should encourage the Public Health Office to employ more specific tools than Kato's method for surveillance of opisthorchiasis in Thailand.
Animals
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Enterobius/isolation & purification
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Feces/parasitology
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Heterophyidae/*isolation & purification
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Humans
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Parasitology/methods
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Prevalence
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Taenia/isolation & purification
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Thailand/epidemiology
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Trematode Infections/*epidemiology/parasitology
5.Current Status of Human Taeniasis in Lao People's Democratic Republic.
Hyeong Kyu JEON ; Tai Soon YONG ; Woon Mok SOHN ; Jong Yil CHAI ; Duk Young MIN ; Cheong Ha YUN ; Han Jong RIM ; Tiengkham PONGVONGSA ; Virasack BANOUVONG ; Bounnaloth INSISIENGMAY ; Bounlay PHOMMASACK ; Keeseon S EOM
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2013;51(2):259-263
Human taeniasis was investigated in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) between 2000 and 2011 as part of the nation's helminthiasis survey. A total of 55,038 inhabitants, including 29,846 school children, were examined using the Kato-Katz and scotch-tape anal swab method, and morphological observation of adult worms. Molecular identification of Taenia tapeworms was performed by multiplex PCR or DNA sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Taenia eggs were present at a rate of 1.5% (845/55,038) in the subject population. Adult tapeworms were identified as T. solium or T. saginata by analyzing the collectable stool specimens (n=126). Three specimens identified as T. solium were found in Luang Prabang, while the remaining 123 specimens, which were T. saginata, were found in Bokeo, Bolikhamxay, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouane, Luang Namta, Luang Prabang, Oudomxay, Phongsaly, Saysomboune, Saravane, Savannakhet, Xayaboury, Xekong, Xieng Khouang Province, and Vientiane Municipality.
Adolescent
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Adult
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Aged
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Anal Canal/parasitology
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Animals
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Child
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Female
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Humans
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Laos/epidemiology
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Male
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Microscopy
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Middle Aged
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Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Prevalence
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Taenia saginata/isolation & purification
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Taenia solium/isolation & purification
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Taeniasis/*epidemiology/parasitology
6.Taenia asiatica: the Most Neglected Human Taenia and the Possibility of Cysticercosis.
M Teresa GALAN-PUCHADES ; Mario V FUENTES
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2013;51(1):51-54
Not only Taenia solium and Taenia saginata, but also Taenia asiatica infects humans. The last species is not included in the evaluation of the specificity of the immunodiagnostic techniques for taeniasis/cysticercosis. There is currently no specific immunodiagnostic method for T. asiatica available. Therefore, due to the fact that molecular techniques (the only tool to distinguish the 3 Taenia species) are normally not employed in routine diagnostic methods, the 2 questions concerning T. asiatica (its definite geographic distribution and its ability to cause human cysticercosis), remain open, turning T. asiatica into the most neglected agent of human taeniasis-cysticercosis.
Animals
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Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods
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Humans
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Neglected Diseases/*epidemiology/*parasitology
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Parasitology/methods
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Taenia/*isolation & purification/pathogenicity
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Taeniasis/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*parasitology
7.Egg positive rate of Enterobius vermicularis and Taenia spp. by cellophane tape method in primary school children in Sivas, Turkey.
Ali CELIKSOZ ; Mehmet ACIOZ ; Serpil DEGERLI ; Ahmet ALIM ; Cetin AYGAN
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2005;43(2):61-64
The aim of the present study was to find out the number of students with enterobiasis and/or taeniasis in primary schools of Sivas. Among the 2, 029 students in 6 primary schools, 316 (15.6%) were positive to Enterobius vermicularis eggs and 32 (1.6%) were positive to Taenia spp. eggs by the cellophane tape method. The egg positive rates of E. vermicularis and Taenia spp. ranged from 9.4% to 27.2% and from 0.8% to 2.6% respectively among six schools. The egg positive rate of E. vermicularis was found to be significantly different among these schools (chi2 = 31.96, P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between the schools for Taenia spp. (chi2 = 4.37; P > 0.05). The rate (18.7%) of E. vermicularis in the urban slum regions was higher than the rate (11.5%) in the urban central regions (chi2 = 19.20; P < 0.05). Above results demonstrate that the egg positive rate of E. vermicularis and Taenia spp. was still prevalent among primary school children.
Animals
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Cellophane
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Child
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Enterobiasis/diagnosis/*epidemiology
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Enterobius/*isolation & purification
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Humans
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Parasite Egg Count/methods
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Taenia/*isolation & purification
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Taeniasis/diagnosis/*epidemiology
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Turkey/epidemiology
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Urban Population
8.Historical Overview of Taenia asiatica in Taiwan.
Hong Kean OOI ; Chau Mei HO ; Wen Cheng CHUNG
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2013;51(1):31-36
An overview of the epidemiological, biological, and clinical studies of Taenia and taeniasis in Taiwan for the past century is presented. The phenomenal observations that led to the discovery of Taenia asiatica as a new species, which differ from Taenia solium and Taenia saginata, are described. Parasitological surveys of the aborigines in Taiwan revealed a high prevalence of taeniasis, which might be due to the culture of eating raw liver of hunted wild boars. Chemotherapeutic deworming trials involving many patients with taeniasis were discussed. Praziquantel was found to be very effective, but sometimes complete worms could not be recovered from the feces after treatment, probably due to the dissolution of the proglottids. Atabrine, despite some side effects, can still be used, in properly controlled dosages, as the drug of choice for human T. asiatica infection if we need to recover the expelled worms for morphological examinations. Research results on the infection of T. asiatica eggs from Taiwan aborigines in experimental animals were also noted. Since the pig serve as the natural intermediate host of T. asiatica and the predilection site is the liver, a differential comparison of other parasitic pathogens that might cause apparently similar lesions is also presented.
Animals
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Anthelmintics/therapeutic use
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Biomedical Research/history
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History, 20th Century
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History, 21st Century
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Humans
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Taenia/*classification/*isolation & purification
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Taeniasis/drug therapy/*epidemiology/history
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Taiwan/epidemiology
9.Human Taeniasis in the Republic of Korea: Hidden or Gone?.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2013;51(1):9-17
History and current status of human taeniasis in the Republic of Korea, due to Taenia solium, Taenia asiatica, and Taenia saginata, are briefly reviewed. Until the 1980s, human taeniasis had been quite common in various localities of Korea. A study from 1924 reported 12.0% egg prevalence in fecal examinations. Thereafter, the prevalence of Taenia spp. ranged from 3% to 14% depending on the time and locality. Jeju-do, where pigs were reared in a conventional way, was the highest endemic area of taeniasis. An analysis of internal transcribed spacer 2 and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 genes of 68 taeniasis cases reported from 1935 to 2005 in Korea by a research group revealed the relative occurrence of the 3 Taenia spp. as follows: T. solium (4.4%), T. asiatica (75.0%), and T. saginata (20.6%). However, national surveys on intestinal helminths conducted every 5 years on randomly selected people revealed that the Taenia egg prevalence dropped from 1.9% in 1971 to 0.02% in 1997 and finally to 0.0% in 2004. With the exception of 3 egg-positive cases reported in 2008 and 2 worm-proven cases in 2011, no more cases have been officially recorded. Based on these surveys and also on other literature, it can be concluded that taeniasis has virtually disappeared from Korea, although a few sporadic cases may remain hidden. Human cysticercosis is also expected to disappear within a couple of decades in Korea.
Animals
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Disease Eradication
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History, 20th Century
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History, 21st Century
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Humans
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Republic of Korea/epidemiology
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Taenia/*classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
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Taeniasis/*epidemiology/history
10.Molecular Approaches to Taenia asiatica.
Hyeong Kyu JEON ; Keeseon S EOM
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2013;51(1):1-8
Taenia solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica are taeniid tapeworms that cause taeniasis in humans and cysticercosis in intermediate host animals. Taeniases remain an important public health concerns in the world. Molecular diagnostic methods using PCR assays have been developed for rapid and accurate detection of human infecting taeniid tapeworms, including the use of sequence-specific DNA probes, PCR-RFLP, and multiplex PCR. More recently, DNA diagnosis using PCR based on histopathological specimens such as 10% formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and stained sections mounted on slides has been applied to cestode infections. The mitochondrial gene sequence is believed to be a very useful molecular marker for not only studying evolutionary relationships among distantly related taxa, but also for investigating the phylo-biogeography of closely related species. The complete sequence of the human Taenia tapeworms mitochondrial genomes were determined, and its organization and structure were compared to other human-tropic Taenia tapeworms for which complete mitochondrial sequence data were available. The multiplex PCR assay with the Ta4978F, Ts5058F, Tso7421F, and Rev7915 primers will be useful for differential diagnosis, molecular characterization, and epidemiological surveys of human Taenia tapeworms.
Animals
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DNA, Helminth/genetics
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DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
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Humans
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Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/*methods
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Parasitology/*methods
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Taenia/classification/*genetics/*isolation & purification
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Taeniasis/*diagnosis/*veterinary