OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of perfusion MR imaging in assessing the histologic grade of cerebral gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to determine relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), 22 patients with pathologically proven gliomas (9 glioblastomas, 9 anaplastic gliomas and 4 low-grade gliomas) underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced T2*-weighted and conventional T1- and T2-weighted imaging. rCBV maps were obtained by fitting a gamma-variate function to the contrast material concentration versus time curve. rCBV ratios between tumor and normal white matter (maximum rCBV of tumor / rCBV of contralateral white matter) were calcu-lated and compared between glioblastomas, anaplastic gliomas and low-grade gliomas. RESULTS: Mean rCBV ratios were 4.90'+/-1.01 for glioblastomas, 3.97'+/-0.56 for anaplastic gliomas and 1.75'+/-1.51 for low-grade gliomas, and were thus sig-nificantly different; p < .05 between glioblastomas and anaplastic gliomas, p <.05 between anaplastic gliomas and low-grade gliomas, p < .01 between glioblas-tomas and low-grade gliomas. The rCBV ratio cutoff value which permitted dis-crimination between high-grade (glioblastomas and anaplastic gliomas) and low-grade gliomas was 2.60, and the sensitivity and specificity of this value were 100% and 75%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Perfusion MR imaging is a useful and reliable technique for esti-mating the histologic grade of gliomas.
Adult ; Astrocytoma/*pathology ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/*pathology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Contrast Media ; Female ; Gadolinium DTPA/diagnostic use ; Glioblastoma/*pathology ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Background: The cutaneous adverse effects (AEs) of amivantamab, a novel monoclonal bispecific antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor and mesenchymal-epithelial transcription factor, have not been investigated. Objective: To analyze the type and prevalence of cutaneous AEs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with amivantamab. Methods: A single-institution retrospective medical record review was conducted on patients with NSCLC who were treated with amivantamab between January 1, 2021, and June 30, 2023. A total of 37 patients receiving amivantamab monotherapy for NSCLC were included in this study. Demographic data (age, sex, body mass index, age at cancer diagnosis, age at amivantamab therapy initiation, and duration of amivantamab use) and the types and severity of cutaneous AEs were evaluated. Results: Cutaneous AEs occurred in 59.5% of the patients. The most common AEs were maculopapular eruptions (37.8%), paronychia (24.3%), pruritus/xerosis (16.2%), acneiform eruptions (13.5%), pustulosis (5.4%), and scalp rashes (5.4%). No Grade 3 cutaneous AE, which led to the discontinuation of amivantamab therapy, was observed. Conclusion Our data describes an extensive review of cutaneous AEs caused by amivantamab. Further research with a larger patient population is necessary to reliably predict and manage cutaneous AEs associated with amivantamab.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the utility of dynamic contrast-enhanced T2*-weighted MR imaging in assessing the cerebral blood volume (CBV) in intra-axial brain tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten malignant gliomas (five glioblastomas, three anaplastic astrocytomas, two anaplastic oligodendrogliomas), five metastatic tumors and three hemangioblastomas were included in this study. In conjunction with T1- and T2-weighted imagings, all patients underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced T2*-weighted imaging, using the conventional gradient-echo technique (TR/TE/flip angle: 40/26/10degree; 64x128 matrix; 5-6 mm thickness) during the bolus injection of 15 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA. From these dynamic images, CBV was calculated on a pixel-by-pixel basis and a CBV map was obtained. The CBVs of the tumor and contralateral normal white matter were measured by placing the ROI on the CBV map. The CBV ratios of tumor/normal white matter were compared among the three tumor groups. RESULTS: CBV maps were successfully created in all cases. CBV ratios varied from 1.7 to 13.0 (mean 6.1) in malignant gliomas, from 3.9 to 11.4 (mean 7.3) in metastatic tumors and from 17.8 to 26.4 (mean 22.2) in hemangioblastomas (malignant gliomas vs hemangioblastomas, p<.05; metastatic tumors vs hemangioblastomas, p<.05; and malignant gliomas vs metastatic tumors, p>.05). CONCLUSION: Hypervascular hemangioblastomas have the highest CBV, and this allows for easy differentiation from malignant gliomas and metastatic tumors. Both show a similar, moderately increased range of CBV suggesting thatthere is no significant difference in vascularity between the two tumor groups. Dynamic contrast-enhanced T2* imaging is a clinically useful technique which provides information about tumor vascularity not provided by standard MRI techniques.
Astrocytoma ; Blood Volume* ; Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Glioblastoma ; Glioma ; Hemangioblastoma ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of functional MR imaging of motor language function and its usefulnessin the determination of hemispheric language dominance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to activate the motorcenter of language, six subjects(5 right-handed, 1 left-handed; 3 males, 3 females) generated words. They wererequested to do this silently, without physical articulation, in response to English letters presented visually.Gradient-echo images (TR/TE/flip angle, 80/60/40o; 64x128 matrix; 10mm thickness) were obtained in three axialplanes including the inferior frontal gyrus. Functional maps were created by the postprocessing of gradient-echoimages, including subtraction and statistics. Areas of activation were topographically analyzed and numbers ofactivated pixels in each region were compared between right and left sides. The reproducibility of functional mapswas tested by repetition of functional imaging in the same subjects. RESULTS: Statistically significant activationsignals were demonstrated in five of six subjects, in whom the distribution of those signals was predominantly inboth frontal lobes. Hemispheric lateralization of activation, when activated pixels were compared between bothinferior frontal gyri, was in all cases on the left. In four subjects, functional maps were reproduced in asimilar fashion. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that functional MR imaging can depict the activation of motorlanguage function in the brain and can be used as a useful non-invasive method for determining the hemisphericdominance of language.
Brain Mapping* ; Brain* ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male

Background: Wallenberg’s syndrome (WS) is caused by dorsal lateral medulla infarction. Clinical symptoms include hoarseness, dysphagia, sensory disturbance, vertigo, ataxia, and Horner’s syndrome. Recently, lateral difference of body surface temperature (BST) has been reported as a symptom of WS, resulting from the disturbances of the sympathetic nerve tract. Although sensory dysfunction is the major symptoms of WS, there is no evidence that BST influences these symptoms. We sought to evaluate the relationship between BST and sensory symptoms in WS using infrared thermography. Methods: Patients with WS within 7 days of symptom onset from June 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled. Infrared thermography was conducted at 7±30 days and 90±30 days after the onset of stroke. Laterality of BST was defined as being positive when macroscopically different and discrepancy >0.5°C in thermography. Results: The final analyses included 12 patients with a mean age of 59.9±11.85 years. Sensory symptoms in nine patients were most often described as numbness (56%), cold (44%), burning (33%), and heaviness (11%). Of these, burning symptoms lasted at 100%, cold 75%, and numbness 50% during 3 months follow-up. All patients with sensory dysfunction showed lateral BST differences. The BST laterality persisted in patients with remaining sensory dysfunction at 3 months follow-up. Conclusions All patients with sensory dysfunction in WS showed lateral BST differences which was detected with thermography. Laterality of BST and sensory dysfunction in WS might be associated with the disturbance of the connecting pathway of skin blood flow descending from the rostral ventrolateral medulla.

Background: Wallenberg’s syndrome (WS) is caused by dorsal lateral medulla infarction. Clinical symptoms include hoarseness, dysphagia, sensory disturbance, vertigo, ataxia, and Horner’s syndrome. Recently, lateral difference of body surface temperature (BST) has been reported as a symptom of WS, resulting from the disturbances of the sympathetic nerve tract. Although sensory dysfunction is the major symptoms of WS, there is no evidence that BST influences these symptoms. We sought to evaluate the relationship between BST and sensory symptoms in WS using infrared thermography. Methods: Patients with WS within 7 days of symptom onset from June 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled. Infrared thermography was conducted at 7±30 days and 90±30 days after the onset of stroke. Laterality of BST was defined as being positive when macroscopically different and discrepancy >0.5°C in thermography. Results: The final analyses included 12 patients with a mean age of 59.9±11.85 years. Sensory symptoms in nine patients were most often described as numbness (56%), cold (44%), burning (33%), and heaviness (11%). Of these, burning symptoms lasted at 100%, cold 75%, and numbness 50% during 3 months follow-up. All patients with sensory dysfunction showed lateral BST differences. The BST laterality persisted in patients with remaining sensory dysfunction at 3 months follow-up. Conclusions All patients with sensory dysfunction in WS showed lateral BST differences which was detected with thermography. Laterality of BST and sensory dysfunction in WS might be associated with the disturbance of the connecting pathway of skin blood flow descending from the rostral ventrolateral medulla.