The congenital diverticulum of ventricle is a rare cardiac malformation arising from the left or right ventricle, the former being more common. Ventricular diverticulum is usually associated with other anomalies including intracardiac, midline thoracic, diaphragmatic and abdominal wall defect. The authors experienced a case of congenital diverticulum of left ventricle in nine month-old female infant. Left Blolock-Taussig shunt operation was done and total correction will be done later. Thereafter we presented a case with brief review of the related literatures.
Abdominal Wall ; Diverticulum* ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Infant ; Pulmonary Atresia*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the role of renal ultrasonography in neonates with isolated preauricular tags. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 10,997 newborn infants delivered from January 1995 to June 2003 in Wonkwang University Hospital. Nineteen newborns born with isolated preauricular tags were assessed for renal anomalies by performing renal ultrasonography within one week after birth. The study group was compared with a control group of 25 healthy neonates without preauricular tags during the same period, also using renal ultrasonography. RESULTS: Preauricular tags were detected in 19 of 10,997(0.17%) neonates; 57.9% were found on the right side. Renal anomalies in neonates with isolated preauricular tags were detected in four infants (21.1%); this incidence was higher, but was not significant, compared with the control group. Types of anomalies were mild hydronephrosis of grade 1(3 cases) and 2(1 case) which were normalized within one year. CONCLUSION: Routine renal ultrasonography is not recommended for newborn infant with isolated preauricular tags.
Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Parturition ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

Recently developed flow diverters, such as the pipeline embolization device (PED), allow for safe and efficacious treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms, with high occlusion rates and a low incidence of complications. However, incomplete obliteration after PED treatment may lead to aneurysm regrowth and delayed rupture. Herein, we report a case of a partially thrombosed giant aneurysm of the cavernous internal carotid artery that showed progressive recanalization at 1–3 months after application of a PED. We monitored inflow volume in the aneurysm by computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and computed tomographic volumetric imaging (CTVI). Based on the imaging results, rather than applying additional PED, we decided to make the switch from a dual antiplatelet medication to low-dose aspirin alone at 3 months after the treatment; complete obliteration of the aneurysm was noted at 21 months. Similar to the findings in this unusual case, CTA and CTVI may be useful follow-up methods for optimal management of patients with giant intracranial aneurysms after PED treatment.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Aspirin ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Rupture

This study examined, among others, the relationship between the use of anticonvulsant and the bone mineral metabolism(measured via DR-XRA and biochemical study) in 46 adult epileptic outpatients who had been on anticonvulsant for more than one year at Seoul Red Cross Hospital. The study finding wet as follows. 1) There was statistically significant difference between index group(i.e. 46 adult epileptic outpatients) and control group(i.e. 46 healthy adults without previous exposure to anticonvulsant) in terms of bone mineral density. Specifically, the bone mineral density in the epileptic outpatients was significantly lower than that in the healthy adult. Although there was no statistically significant difference between male and female outpatients, their bone mineral density tended to decrease with the increase of age. 2) The bone mineral density in the epileptic outpatients was negatively correlated to both I) the age when the outpatients stared anticonvulsant treatment and ii) the period for which the outpatients were on anticonvulsant 3) Index group was further classified into three subgroup(i.e. low, normal and high subgroup) based on the mean and standard deviation of the bone mineral density in healthy adults control group. 24 outpatients(52.5%) out of 46 fell into low subgroup, of which 10 were male. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference between male and female outpatients in terms of their bone mineral density. 4) Low subgroup's average age(38.6 with SD of 12.5) was significantly higher than those of the other two subgroup. Low subgroup stained anticonvulsant treated when their average age was 24.8(SD 15.0) years, which was higher than those of the other two subgroups. Low subgroup was on anticonvulsant, on average, far 13.3(SD 7.6) years, which was also higher than those of the other two subgroups although there was no significant difference among the subgroups. 5) A series of comparison regarding the possible impact of various types of anticonvulsan(e.g. PHT, CBZ, FB, SV) in terms of i) overall dosage and ii) daily average dosage on bone mineral density showed no significant difference across the three subgroups. 6) There was no significant difference in terms of bone mineral density between the epileptic outpatients on only one type of anticonvulsant and those on two or more types of anticonvulsant. 7) A biochemical study showed that i) each subgroup fell into normal range in terms of blood serum Ca, F, and ALF with no significant difference among the subgroups, and ii) in low subgroup, there were 6 outpatients(25%) with Ca decrease, 2(9.5%) with P decrease, and 5(20.8%) with ALF increase.
Adult ; Bone Density ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Outpatients* ; Radiography* ; Red Cross ; Reference Values ; Seoul ; Serum

Retinal horizontal cell is second-order neuron that integrates the information from photoreceptors over large retinal areas, mediating the lateral spread of visual signals to distant retina. The Neurofilament proteins, considered as neuronal markers, have been imunolocalized to mammalian retinal horizontal cess. However, the immunolabeling of Neurofilament in human, has been focused on the studies of visual pathway and large ganglion cells The goal of this study is to see whether human retinal horizontal cells are indeed neuronal nature or glial nature by immunogold labeling for electron microscopy. The sections of 65 year-old human retina showed the expression of Neurofilament by horizontal cells, which confirms the evidence of human retinal horizontal cell as neuronal nature.
Aged ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Negotiating ; Neurofilament Proteins ; Neurons ; Retina ; Retinal Horizontal Cells* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Visual Pathways

PURPOSE: Perinatal asphyxia is an important cause of neurologic morbidity. Experiments in animal models of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury demonstrate that brain damage starts during hypoxia-ischemia. In order to evaluate the ischemic condition-induced neurotoxic effect in view of oxi-dative stress, we examined the cytotoxic effect in cultured cerebral neurons of neonatal mouse. METHODS: Dissociated cell cultures were prepared from cerebrum of neonatal mouse. Tissues were diced into small pieces and were incubated in phosphate buffered saline at 37degrees C. Isolated cells were resuspended in the medium and plated in poly-L-lysine coated 96 well multichambers at a cell density of 5x104cells/well. Cells were grown in a 5% CO2/95% air atmosphere at 37degrees C. Cytotoxic effects were examined in the cultured cerebral neurons with time interval in the ischemic condition with a 95% nitrogen/5% CO2. And the protective effect of vitamin E and desferrioxamine as an antioxidant was examined by MTT assay and neurofilament enzymeimmunoassay(EIA). Microscopic examinations were also done. RESULTS: Ischemic condition markedly decreased the cell viability in a time-dependent manner in cultured cerebral neurons. MTT50 value was estimated at 10 minutes, when cerebral neurons were incubated for various time intervals in ischemic condition. Under light microscopy, the number of cells and neurites were decreased when cerebral neurons were cultured for 10 minutes in the ischemic condition. Vitamin E was an effective antioxidant in blocking ischemic condition-induced neurotoxicity, while desferrioxamine was not in these cultures. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that ischemic conditions are neurotoxic and selective antioxidant such as vitamin E is effective in protecting against the neurotoxicity induced by ischemic condition in cultured cerebral neurons of neonatal mouse.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Asphyxia ; Atmosphere ; Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Cell Count ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Survival ; Cerebrum ; Deferoxamine* ; Ischemia ; Mice* ; Microscopy ; Models, Animal ; Neurites ; Neurons* ; Oxidative Stress ; Vitamin E* ; Vitamins*

The only curative treatment option for cholangiocarcinoma is surgery, making the assessment of operability a crucial step in the diagnosis. We report a case of distal common bile duct cancer in a 64-year-old male, who exhibited multiple pulmonary nodules in pre-operative chest imaging following a COVID-19 infection. As the local progression of disease was not prominent, the possibility of pulmonary metastasis was considered unlikely. A surgical biopsy was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis.

Background/Aims: Recent advances in understanding the genetics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have led to the potential for a personalized approach. Several studies have described the feasibility of generating genetic profiles of PDAC with next-generation sequencing (NGS) of samples obtained through endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA). The aim of this study was to find the best EUS-TA approach for successful NGS of PDAC. Methods: We attempted to perform NGS with tissues from 190 patients with histologically proven PDAC by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy at Samsung Medical Center between November 2011 and February 2015. The medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed for parameters including tumor factors (size, location, and T stage), EUS-TA factors (needle gauge [G], needle type, and number of needle passes) and histologic factors (cellularity and blood contamination). The sample used for NGS was part of the EUS-TA specimen that underwent cytological and histological analysis. Results: NGS could be successfully performed in 109 patients (57.4%). In the univariate analysis, a large needle G (p=0.003) and tumor located in the body/tail (p=0.005) were associated with successful NGS. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the needle G was an independent factor of successful NGS (odds ratio, 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 4.47; p=0.031). Conclusions The needle G is an independent factor associated with successful NGS. This finding may suggest that the quantity of cells obtained from EUS-TA specimens is important for successful NGS.