The distribution and the infestation rates of metacercariae in fishes from the Kum-Ho river were observed from June 1965 to August l967. The results obtained are as follows: The Fourteen kinds of metacercariae; Exorchis oviformis, Metorchis orientalis, Cyathocotyle species, Metacercaria hasegawai, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus species, Pseudexorchis major, Echinochasmus species, Centrocestus species, Prosorhpynchus species, and four kinds of unidentified species, A, B, C and D were detected from 12 kinds of fishes. Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus species, Echinochasmus species, and Centrocestus species of the detected 14 kinds of flukes were noted to be parasited in man; Metorchis orientalis and Cyathocotyle species in avian species; and Exorchis ovifomis and Pseudexorchis major in wels, but the definite host of the other 6 kinds of flukes were not identified. Exorchis oviformis was found in 64.5 percent, of all kinds of fishes, Cyathocotyle species in 36.8 percent of 7 kinds of fishes, Metacercaria hasegawai in 36.3 percent of 8 kinds, Clonorchis sinensis in 95.0 percent of 6 kinds and Metagonimus species in 47.9 percent of 10 kinds. Concerning the infested rates of metacercaria and the length of fishes, Exorchis oviformis and Clonorchis sinensis showed increased rate by the length of fishes but the rest of fishes showed no relationship between them. The infested degree of metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis was highest in Pseudorasbora parva with 34.3 parasites per cubic cm of flesh, of Exorchis oviformis in Carassius carassius with 7.3, of Cyathocotyle species in Acheilognathus with 6.0, and of Metacercaria hasegawai in Pseudogobio esocinus with 5.7 but Prosorhpynchus etc. were very few in all kinds of fishes. The infested rates of metacercaria in the four kinds of fishes, Pseudorasbora parva, Pungtungia herzi, Pseudogobio esocinus and Gnathopogon coreanus seemed not to be influenced by season, Spring and Autumn. In the infested rates of metacercariae by parts of fishes, Exorchis oviformis was chiefly infested in scales and fins; Metorchis orientalis, Cyathocotyle species, Clonorchis sinensis, Pseudexorchis major, Centrocestus species and Prosorhpynchus ecinatus were chiefly infested in muscle; Metacercaria hasegawai in muscle and fins; Metagonimus species chiefly in scales; and Echinochasmus chiefly in gills.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda- Exorchis oviformis-Metorchis orientalis-Cyathocotyle species-Metacercaria hasegawai-Clonorchis ; epidemiology ; metacercaria

BACKGROUND: No ideal combination chemotherapy for lung cancer has been established even though lots of combination anticancer chemotherapies have been tried. For the combination of anticancer drugs, the interaction of anticancer drugs is very important but unpredictable factor. In this experiments we designed and tested new experiment to measure the interaction of two anticancer drugs using MTT assay in an attempt to predict clinical response of the combination regimen. METHODS: With human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (PC-14), the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin adriamycin mitomycin C and etoposide were measured by in Vitro chemosensitivity test (MTT assay). The combined cytotexic effects of combination of two drugs were also measured in every combination of the drug concentrations and analyzed the interaction by Anova analysis of two way factorial design. RESULTS: Four individual drugs showed cytotoxic effects on PC-14 by dose dependent fashion Comparison of two drug combinations revealed that mitomycin C + cisplatin and adriamycin + cisplatin combinations showed stronger synergistic cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSION: From this experiments we suggest two combinations of mitomycin C + cisplatin and adriamycin + cisplatin as chemotherapeutic regimens for unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Furthermore, this experimental deign could be applied b other types of cancer requiring combination anticancer chemotherapy.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Cell Line* ; Cisplatin ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Etoposide ; Humans* ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Mitomycin

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate the interaction of topotecan with adriamycin, etoposide, 5 fluorouracil (5 FU) and mitomycin C in the established four ovarian cancer cell lines and three cervical cancer cell lines and to establish whether the combination of topotecan with other antitumor drugs would be a synergism for chemotherapy in patients with ovarian and cervical cancer, METHODS: Five antitumor drugs were tested for synergism and antagonism in combination studies in four ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, A2780 cisplatin resistant variant, A2780 taxol resistant variant, SKOV3) and three cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa, SiHa, ME180). Cytotoxic effects were determined by MTT assay. Synergic interaction was calculated by the median effect principle in which combination index (CI) of less than one suggest a synergic interaction. RESULTS: Dm value of topotecan against SKOV3 (2.07 ug/ml), HeLa (3.32 ug/ml), SiHa cell lines (2.5 ug/ml) were above peak plasma concentration of topotecan (0.5 ug/ml) but most antitumor drugs tested in combinations index were within clinically relevant range. Combination with topotecan showed a synergic effect (CI<1) in seven cancer cell lines at a intermediate or high level of cytotoxicity especially with mitomycin C (6/7), etoposide (6/7), 5 FU (6/7) and adriamycin (4/7). Most striking findings were that a synergic effect was shown in all ovarian cancer cell lines to topotecan/mitomycin C, topotecan/5 FU and topotecan/esoposide combination showed a synergic effect in all cervical cancer cell lines. Topotecan/adriamycin combination showed synergism at an intermediate or high level of cytotoxicity in cisplatin or Taxol resistant ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780CP, A2780TX, SKOV3). CONCLUSION: These results suggested that topotecan showed a synergic effect with a wide range of antitumor drugs: adriamycin, etoposide, 5 FU, mitomycin C in ovarian and cervical cancer cell lines. Combinations of topotecan/mitomycin C, topotecan/5 FU and topotecan/adriamycin for ovarian cancer and a combination of topotecan/etoposide for cervical cancer seemed worthy of consideration for clinical application.
Antineoplastic Agents* ; Cell Line ; Cisplatin ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Therapy ; Etoposide ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Mitomycin ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Paclitaxel ; Plasma ; Strikes, Employee ; Topotecan* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical manifestations and antibiotic resistance of salmonellosis in children. METHODS: We reviewed medical records and investigated the clinical characteristics of culture-proven childhood salmonellosis from January 2000 through December 2011 at the CHA Bundang Medical center. RESULTS: We assessed 53 patients. The median age was 3-years-old (minimum 12 days, maximum 18-years-old) and the number of male patients was 33 (62.3%). It occurred most frequently in the summer (39%) and in 2001 (11 cases) however there was no case in 2009 and 2010. Salmonella typhi was isolated in 3 cases with septicemia. Antibiotic resistance to ampicillin was most frequently presented (30.2%) and 63.6% in serogroup B. No antibiotics resistance strains were cultured in patients with positive Salmonella typhi. Admitted patients from 2000 to 2011 were divided into 2 groups; group 1 from 2000 to 2005 and group 2 from 2006 to 2011. 40 cases belonged to group 1 and 13 cases were in the group 2. Group 2 showed more resistance to ampicillin than group 1 but without any statistical significance(25% vs. 38.5%, P=0.349). In group 1, the most common serotype was group D and in group 2, the most common serotype were group C and D. CONCLUSION: Salmonellosis in children was frequently occurred from 2000 to 2003 but decreased after 2004. There was no difference in clinical manifestations, serotypes and antibiotic resistances between the years.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Salmonella Infections ; Salmonella typhi ; Sepsis

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore how prevalent the community-related methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) was in children with muscular-skeletal infections. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients of 18 years or under who were diagnosed with suppurative arthritis or osteomyelitis and S. aureus from September 2000 through August 2012 at the CHA Bundang Medical center. RESULTS: Thirty-one cases of suppurative arthritis or osteomyelitis were identified. The patients were between 17 days old and 18 years old with an average age of 7. Eleven cases (33.5%) of suppurative arthritis and 16 cases (51.6%) of osteomyelitis were observed. Five cases were accompanied by the two diseases. Methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) was isolated in 25 cases (80.6%) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was isolated in 6 cases (19.4%). Multidrug resistant strains were not observed. MRSA was not found from 2000 through 2005. All patients were treated with antibiotics and the duration of antibiotics treatment was 26.4+/-12.7 days. Vancomycin was used as the initial antibiotic treatment in 4 cases (12.9%) and vancomycin was used as the definitive antibiotics in the 10 cases (32.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The result of this study showed that methicillin resistance rate of S. aureus from muscular-skeletal infections was concentrated in the latter half of the 12 year period.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Arthritis, Infectious ; Child ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Methicillin ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Osteomyelitis ; Retrospective Studies ; Vancomycin

To investigate the inflammatory cytokine production of human epithelial cell lines stimulated with uropathogenic E. coli strains showing 3 different adherence patterns, differential expression of inflammatory cytokine (IL-1a, IL-lB, IL-8, TNFa, and TGFB) mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. IL-1a, IL-1B, IL-8, and TGFB mRNAs constitutively expressed in epithelial cell lines, but not TNFa. The expression of IL-1a and IL-1B mRNA was increased in J-82 cells stimulated with E. coli strains showing DA, LA, or AggA pattern. The expression of IL-8 mRNA was increased, whereas TGFj3 mRNA was decreased in J-82 cells stimulated with E. coli strain showing AggA.pattern. Treatment with crude bacterial adhesins (CBA) isolated from E. coli strains showing DA or LA pattern increased IL-la, IL-lB, IL-S, and TGFj3 mRNA expressions in J-82 cells and HeLa cells. IL-la, IL-lB, and TGFB mRNA expressions were decreased in epitheUal cells stimulated with CBA from E. coli strain showing AggA pattern, whereas IL-8 mRNA expression was significantly increased. The expressions of cytokine mRNAs showed little differences between epithelial ceRs used, but great differences between CBA from DA or LA and AggA strain. LPS stimulation was little changed cytokine mRNA expressions in epithelial cells. This study suggests that cytokine gene expression of epithelial cells by the bacterial stimulation mainly depends on the bacterial adhesins recognized by the respective receptors of epithelial cells.
Adhesins, Bacterial ; Epithelial Cells* ; Gene Expression ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; RNA, Messenger ; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli*

No abstract available.
Adenoma* ; Animals ; Benzo(a)pyrene* ; Ganoderma* ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Macrophages, Alveolar* ; Rats* ; Superoxides* ; Verapamil*

No abstract available.
Peptides*

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*