No abstract available.
Adenoma* ; Animals ; Benzo(a)pyrene* ; Ganoderma* ; Mice*

No Abstract Available.
Arthroplasty* ; Knee*

No abstract available.
Cell Line, Tumor* ; Doxorubicin* ; Epirubicin* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paget Disease, Extramammary

Endometriosis is a relatively common disease, affecting 5-10% of women of reproductive age. But, endometriosis affecting the urinary tract is very rare entity. Involvement of urinary tract by endometriosis occurs in about 1% of women with pelvic endometriosis. Ureteral endometriosis is mostly asymptomatic for a long time, and associated with nonspecific symptoms at clinical presentation and difficult preoperative diagnosis. The involvement of the ureter is rarely intrinsic by implantation of endometrial tissue in the wall of the ureter, but rather due to external compression by adjacent endometriosis and its attendant inflammation and fibrosis. We have experienced a case of right severe hydroureteronephrosis due to ureteral stricture from endometriosis. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was done due to renal atrophy. At the same time, laparoscopic total hysterectomy with right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed because of the uterine adenomyosis and right ovarian endometrioma. So, we report that with a brief review of literatures.
Adenomyosis ; Atrophy ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Diagnosis ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Hysterectomy ; Inflammation ; Nephrectomy ; Ureter* ; Urinary Tract

No abstract available.
Fluorides* ; Osteoblasts*

The neurotoxic effects of inorganic lead, a common environmental toxic substance, include peripheral neuropathy in adults and encephalopathy in children. Behavioral changes including hyperactivity, short attention span, easy distractibility and impulsiveness have also been noted in patients with chronic lead exposure in childhood. The level of norepinephrine in brain may relate to hyperactivity and chronic lead exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inorganic lead (PbCl(2)) administration in neonatal rats using immunocytochemical and electron microscopical analysis of norepinephrinergic neurons of the locus ceruleus. Lead chloride were dissolved in distilled water at the concentration of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% and the solution was administered orally via drinking water. After 4, 8 or 12 weeks of continuous administration, all rats were sacrificed and the brain was processed and immunostained with antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase, a rate limiting enzyme of norepinephrine synthesis antibody. The number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunostained cell bodies in locus ceruleus was estimated. Densitometric analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive profiles in electron microscopic photographs were done by using image analyzer. The number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons in the locus ceruleus had increased statistically after lead administration. Density of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive profiles in the electron microscopy had also increased. Degenerative changes, such as intra-axonal vacuolar space formation, were found within tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive axons. Somewhat widened intercellular spaces and retracted processes were also found in the region of the locus ceruleus. Increased tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity may correlate with hyperreactivity of lead intoxicated children. Degenerative changes may be responsible for the short attention span, easy distractibility and impulsiveness observed in case of mild lead poisoning.
Adult ; Animals ; Axons ; Brain ; Child ; Drinking Water ; Extracellular Space ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lead Poisoning ; Locus Coeruleus* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neurons* ; Norepinephrine ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Rats* ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; Water

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the survival rate and prognostic factors of patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 62 patients who had inoperable NSCLC treated with radiation therapy from January 1991 through December 1993. According to AJCC staging, stage III A was 14 patients and stage IIIB was 48 patients. Forty Gy to 70.2Gy to the primary tumor site was delivered with daily fractions of 1.8Gy or 2Gy, 5 days per week. Thirty-seven patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: Complete, partial and no response to radiation therapy were 3 patients, 34 patients and 25 patients, respectively. The median survival period of all patients was 11 month. One year survival rate, 2 year survival rate and 5 year survival rate for all patients were 45.0%, 14.3%, and 6.0% respectively. The median survival period was 6.5 months in stage IIIA and 13 months in stage IIIB. One year survival rates were 28.6% in stage IIIA and 50.3% in stage IIIB. In univariaite analysis, prognostic factors affecting survival were T-staging, AJCC staging, and response after radiation therapy (P<0.05). Pretreatment peformance status affected survival but was not statistically significant (0.05 Brain ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pathology ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: Cyclosporin A(CsA) and tacrolimus(FK506) have been widely used as immunosuppressants. The effects of CsA, or FK506, on the IkappaB/NF-kappaB pathway have been shown to vary according to the cell type. However, their effects on the IkappaB/NF-kappaB pathway have not been reported in bronchial epithelial cells. In this study, the effects of CsA and FK506 on the IkappaB/NF-kappaB pathway in bronchial epithelial cells, monocytes, lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages were evaluated. The relationship between their effects on the IkappaB/NF-kappaB pathway and IkappaB kinase(IKK) activity was also investigated. METHODS: BEAS-2B and A549 cells, pulmonary alveolar macrophages, peripheral blood monocytes and lymphocytes were used. The cells were pre-treated with CsA, or FK506, for various time periods, followed by stimulation with TNF-alpha, LPS or IL-1beta. The I(kappa)B(alpha) expressions were assayed by Western blot analyses. The IKK activity was evaluated by an in vitro immune complex kinase assay, using GST-I(kappa)B(alpha) as the substrate. RESULTS: Neither CsA nor FK506 affected the level of I(kappa)B(alpha) expression in any of the cell types used in this study. CsA pre-treatment inhibited the TNFalpha-induced I(kappa)B(alpha) degradation in bronchial epithelial cells. In contrast, the TNFalpha-induced I(kappa)B(alpha) degradation was not affected by FK506 pre-treatment. However, FK506 suppressed the cytokine-induced I(kappa)B(alpha) degradation in the pulmonary alveolar macrophages, peripheral blood monocytes and lymphocytes. The inhibitory effect of CsA, or FK506, on I(kappa)B(alpha) degradation was not related to IKK. CONCLUSIONS: CsA and FK506 suppressed the I(kappa)B(alpha) degradation in bronchial epithelial cells, mono. cytes, lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages, so this may not be mediated through IKK.
Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Blotting, Western ; Cyclosporine* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Lymphocytes* ; Macrophages, Alveolar* ; Monocytes* ; NF-kappa B ; Phosphotransferases ; Tacrolimus* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of tuberculosis is closely related to socioeconomic status. Although the nationwide prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was constantly decreasing during past 30years, there were few studies about prevalence of specific social groups in Korea. We examined prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among university freshmen, which might represent one of the specific social groups in Korea. METHODS: The prevalence of radiologically active pulmonary tuberculosis among Seoul National University(SNU) freshmen was investigated from 1988 to 1997. And those results were compared with prevalence data of SNU freshmen from 1977 to 1987 and also with prevalence of age matched general population. RESULTS: There was continuous decrement of prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among university freshmen. In 1985 and 1990, there was significant prevalence difference between university freshmen and general population. But in 1995, the prevalence of both groups was not significantly different. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in university freshmen has decreased steadily. The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in university freshmen was lower than that of age-matched general population during past 20years. However, this trend was not evident in 1995.
Korea ; Prevalence* ; Seoul* ; Social Class ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*