Within the medial preoptic area[MPOA], several cytoarchitectonically defined cell groups are sexually dimorphic in their morphology. Specially, the sexual dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area[SDN-POA] is reported an example of a morphological sex difference in the rat hypothalamus which is influenced by gonadal steroid hormones. Thus, we detemined the distribution of Galanin-immunoreactive[Gal-I] cells and fibers within MPOA and their morphological response to gonadal steroids which is influenced by gonadectomy or prenatal restosterone treatments were observed. The Gal-I cells were appeared within the medial preoptic area. In the males, the volume and number of Gal-I nerve cell bodies were greater than that of females. But the female which treated prenatal testosterone injection had many Gal-I neurons than infact female. And the males that decreased the volume of gonadal hormone by gonadectomy were decreased the volume and number of Gal-I neurons than that of normal males. These results suggest that galaninergic cells within the medial preoptic area are influenced by gonadal steroid hormone[testosterone] in the regulation of sexually dimorphic function.
Animals ; Female ; Galanin* ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Gonads ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neurons ; Preoptic Area* ; Rats* ; Sex Characteristics ; Steroids ; Testosterone*

No abstract available.
alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Amniotic Fluid* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy*

The results of arthroscopic synovectomy of the knee joints were reviewd in 23 joints of 21 patients hetween May 1992 and June 1996. The results were as follows: 1. Pain, tenderness, swelling, ROM of synovitis syrnpknns were much nsiproved postoperatively. 2. The degrees of articular cartilage damage were closely related to posto-perative functional recovery. 3. Preoperative and postoperative ESR changes were not ditferent signihcantly, 4. Recurrence rate was 17%, 4 cases. Of them, 2 cases were rheumatoid arthritis, 1 case was pigmented villonodular synovitis, I case was nonspecipic synovitis 5. Complicatior of arthrosc:opic synovectomy was nol found. We concluded that arthroscopic synovectoiny was very useful method of early diagnosis and treatment of synovial memhrane diseases.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroscopy ; Cartilage, Articular ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Recurrence ; Synovitis ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular

No abstract available.

The Ilizarov technique has been used successfully in the treatment of nonunion of long bone accompanied by infection, severe bone and soft tissue defects, and deformity. We report the results of treatment of 21 cases of nonunion using the Ilizarov technique. There were 20 males and 1 female with an average age of 34.2 years (range, 8-72 years). The average follow up period was 45 months (range, 12-74months). Infected nonunion(15/21 cases) was the most common cause of nonunion. The treatment methods include simple compression method(4 cases) and internal and external bone transport method(17 cases). Bony union was achieved in 20 cases out of 21 cases. One case is still having difficulty in achieving union. The mean time to union was 7.3 months in femurs and 6.3 months in tibias. The amount of bone defect that developed after the removal of infected bone fragments and soft tissue averaged 3.8cm (range, 2.3-9cm). The healing index, in cases of bone transport, was an average of 45 days per cm (range, 30-62 days per cm). Complications developed in 17 cases out of 21 cases. Pin site infection occurred in 5 cases, premature consolidation in ~1 case, angulation deformity in 2 cases, LOM of the knee in 2 cases, equinus deformity in 2 cases, ankle stiffness in 3 cases, and nonunion in 1 case. The Ilizarov technique is thought to be effective in the treatment of complicated nonunion combined with shortening, deformity, bone defect and infection. However, in order to reduce complications caused by the Ilizarov method, accurate surgical techniques and postoperative care are necessary.
Ankle ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Equinus Deformity ; External Fixators* ; Female ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ilizarov Technique ; Knee ; Male ; Postoperative Care ; Tibia

Although the distribution of locus ceruleus terminals has been demonstrated in the fundus striati[nucleus accumbens septi] by light microscopy[Jones & Moore, 1977 ; Mason & Fibiger, 1979 ; Streit or et al., 1979 ; Groenewegen et al., 1980], the synaptic organization of its terminals was not clarified. The purpose of the present investigation was to demonstrate the direct monosynaptic connection of the locus ceruleus terminals to the neuronal elements of the fundus stirati, and to clarify the synaptic structures of its terminals by electron microscopy two days after unilateral electric coagulation of the locus ceruleus. In the ipsilateral fundus striati, many axon terminals undergone dark degeneration were observed. These degenerating terminals containing small clear vesicles have asymmetric synaptic contacts with dendritic spines. Already two days after locus ceruleus lesion, distinct features of terminal degenerations appeared in the fundus striati ; enlarged axon terminals with altered synaptic vesicles, decrease of synaptic vesicles detached from the synaptic site, multiplication of dense bodies and infiltration of floccular material. At the same time, a regressive change occurred in which astrocytic processes encircled totally degenerated synapses spiraled around the synaptic remnants. These observations indicate that monosynaptic noradrenertic afferent connections to the fungus striati are confirmed, and the locus ceruleus terminals characterized by small round vesicles might be formed asymmetrical axo-spinous synapses with spiny neurons in the fundus striati.
Animals ; Cats* ; Dendritic Spines ; Fungi ; Locus Coeruleus* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neurons ; Presynaptic Terminals ; Synapses ; Synaptic Vesicles

Hip arthrograghy is a valuable procedure for visualization of the intrinsic obstructive factors impeding closed reduction and for critical assessment of quality of reduction in developmental dislocation of the hip. The authors have analyzed 25 cases of developmentally dislocated hips in 24 patients who have been followed up for more than 1 year postoperatively by roentgenographies and arthrographies. Among them 16 cases in 16 patients who had been treated by closed reduction according to acceptable quality of initial reduction were studied to estimate a value of arthrography and to evaluate an outcome of closed rediction performed on the base of an arthrographic finding. The following results were obtained. 1. The frequency of the common arthrographic observations were assessed. Medial dye columns identifying the depth of reduction were observed 25 cases(100%), configuration of osteocartilaginous structures in 24 cases(96.0%), limbus in 24 cases(96.0%), and ligamentum teres in 18cases(75.0%). 2. Good closed reduction classified according to Race and Herring on initial arthrography was associated with rapid improvement of acetabular angle and the CE angle and low incidence of avascular necrosis, compared with adequate or poor reduction. 3. In cases of initial good and adequate reductions, initial AP arthrograms showed some dye filling shadows owing to folding or redundancy of lax joint capsule of the dislocated hip after reduction just lateral to the limbus, of which finding decreased markedly on the second arthrograms. 4. The widths of medial dye column decreased with time during the first postoperative 7 weeks by an average of 0.5mm in cases with initial good quality of reduction, 3.5mm in adequate reductions and 0.5mm in poor reductions. 5. In cases with adequate closed reduction on initial arthrogram, but without substantial decrease in width of medial dye column on the second arthogram the outcome was poor. In those cases with decrease in width of medial dye column on the second arthrogram compared with initial arthogram, the shorter the period of immobilization in a plaster cast was, the worse eventual result was. 6. We think that hip arthography is a helpful procedure for visualization of obstacle obstructing closed reduction and for determination of treatment modality in developmental dislocation of the hip.
Acetabulum ; Arthrography ; Casts, Surgical ; Continental Population Groups ; Dislocations ; Hip ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Joint Capsule ; Necrosis ; Round Ligaments

Six cases of a rare variant of endocervieal adenocarcinoma (Adenoma maligum, AM) were collected for clinicopethologic analysis. The everage age of six patients was 49.3 years, and their chief com plaints were persis(ent mucid or watery discharge and intermittent vaginal spotting, The clinical im presaion was carcioma of The uterine cervix in faur out, of six cases. All except one were pathologically confirmed by initia1 biupey. two cases by colposcopic biopsies, two by cone biopsies, one by cone biopsy after suggested AM in calposcopic hiopsy. One case was incidentally found from hysterectnmised speeimen, which waas suspected as adennmyosis. On gross examination, the cervix usualty appeared either firm or indurated with thickening af the wall excepl one which was presented es a fungnting mass. The characteristic histologic feetures were ext,ensive arborizing endeervical glands with marked variation in size and shape, and the glands lined by mucin conyaining columnar epithelial cells with basal bland looking nuclei but with occasional cytologic atypia and rare mitose. The nenplasi.ic glands were characterized by deep stronml invasion be yond normal enddcervical glands, assosiated with loose edematous periglandular desmaplastic stromal reaction in moat cases. Immunohistochemical stainnings for carcinoembryonie antigen (CEA) revealed ey- toplasmic positivity in five cases. The clinical stage for all exeept one incidental case were : four Ib and one II b. In three cases, the radical hysterectomy with unilateral salpingooophorectomy plus dissection of bilateral pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes was performed, and in one case radiotherapy was done prior to radical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy plus the dissection of left pelvic lymph nodes followed by chemotherapy. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingooophorectomy plus Burch's operation followed by radiation therapy was performed in on case. The remaining one case was treated with radiation therapy. Metastasis to the left obturator lymph node was discovered in one case with state IIb, and the patient expired 29 months after the radiotherapy. The remaining five cases are being carefully followed up. From our experience, we conclude that the early diagnosis of AM can be made based on comprehensive analysis concerning the clinical features, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. The early diagnosis and proper therapy can lead to the better prognosis.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma* ; Biopsy ; Cervix Uteri* ; Drug Therapy ; Early Diagnosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Lymph Nodes ; Metrorrhagia ; Mucins ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy

No abstract available.
Bone Cysts* ; Fractures, Spontaneous*

The statistical study of new outpatients of skin problems seen in dermatologic department of Seoul Red Cross Hospital from l976 to 1980 was done and the 10 most common dermatoses were analysed in detail, The results were summarized as follows: 1) Of 19,679 outpatients, males were 10,530(53.5%) and females were 9,149(46.5%). The sex ratio of male to female was 1. 15: l. 2) The most common dermatoses were atopic dermatitis/eczema(16. 9%), fungal infection(16. 2%), contact dermatitis(15. 3%), scabies(10. 7%), urticaria(10. 6%), acne(9. 5%), pyoderma(8. 3%), insect bite(5. 6%), syphilis(4. 1%) and psoriasia (2. 8%). 3) Of 10 most common dermatoses, contact dermatitis, acne, scabies and urticaria were revealed to have a tendency to increase year by year, syphilis and psoriasis were constant pattern and other common dermatoses showed irregular pattern in their incidence. 4) The sex ratio of male to female of l0 most common dermatoses was l. 23: l. Fungal infection, scabies, pyoderma, insect bite, syphilis and psoriasis wereoutnumbered in male and atopic dermatitis/eczema, contact dermatitis, urticaria and acne were outnumbered in female. 5) Atopic dermatitis/eczema & scabies were prevalent in winter, acne, fungal infection, urticaria and pyoderma in summer, and contact dermatitis in spring and summer. 6) The most frequent age groups of atopic dermatitis/eczema were 1 to 10 years, acne and fungal infection, 11 to 30 years, and contact dermatitis and fungal infection, 31 to 50 years.
Acne Vulgaris ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Insect Bites and Stings ; Insects ; Male ; Outpatients* ; Psoriasis ; Pyoderma ; Red Cross ; Scabies ; Seoul ; Sex Ratio ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Statistics as Topic* ; Syphilis ; Urticaria