Cubitus varus deformity is the late complication of the supracondylar fracture of humerus which is common in growing children. If the deformity is severe it causes tunctional problems as well as cosmetic ones necessitating conective osteotomy. Though many authors devised different methods of corrective osteotomy, the cosmetic results are not always satisfactory because of the development of the lazy S deformity hy the lateral prominence. Technically. the initial stahility of the osteotomy is also poor due to the poor contact of the osteotomy site. So we have devised a new quadrilateral displacement osteotomy to increase the initial stability of the osteotomy by creating a wedge on the osteotomy site & also to prevent the development of the lazy S deformity hy elimination of the Interal prominence. We treated 9 cases of cubitus varus deformity with the new quadrilateral displacement osteotomy. The correction technique was not difficult & the initial stahility of the osteotomy is rather good & the osteotomy is fixed by the conventional methods, & all of the cases were healed uneventfully. There developed no the lazy & deformity after osteotomy. We would like to report the details ot the supracondylnrquadrilateral displacemenl osteotomy.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Humans ; Humerus ; Osteotomy*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Hip* ; Humans ; Osteoma, Osteoid*

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of Hwangyun, Hwangyunhaedogtang, and Kumeunhwa on the lymphocyte activity in allergic contact dermatitis induced by contact allergen 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) of Balb/c mouse. For examination of a contact hypersensitivity, MEST (mouse ear swelling test) and lymphocyte proliferation assay measured by [(3)H]-methylthymidine incorporation were done. Cytokine mRNA in the draining lymph node cells were examined by RT-PCR. Contact hypersensitivity was more effectively induced by 0.25% DNCB treatment than 1% DNCB treatment. Local lymph node cell proliferation from DNCB-sensitized mouse was most highly elicitated with 100 ug/ml DNBS stimulation in vitro. The cytokine profiles of lymph node cells from DNCB-sensitized and DNBS-stimulated mouse were strong expression of IL-2 and IFN-r, weak expression of LT and IL-4, and no expression of IL-6 and IL-10. This lymphocyte proliferation was significantly inhibited in mice administered Korean medical drug for 10 days and sensitized with DNCB at day 5 (88.22%, 65.14%, and 52.29% in Hwangyun, Hwangyunhaedogtang, and Kumeunhwa, respectively). But Kumeunhwa was not effective in the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation when administered after DNCB-sensitization. The cytokine expressions were also inhibited especially IL-2 and IFN-r in Hwangyun administered- mice. These inhibitions of lymphocyte activity by Korean medical drugs were also observed when stimulated with ConA (1 ug/ml). Conclusively, immune responses of contact hypersensitivity induced by DNCB are involved in local lymph node T cells mainly Th1 type cells, and Korean medical drugs especially Hwangyun suppressed allergic contact dermatitis via inhibition of the activity of these cells.
Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dinitrochlorobenzene ; Ear ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-6 ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes* ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger ; T-Lymphocytes

PURPOSE: To report the clinical features of Adie's tonic pupil. METHODS: The medical records of 22 patients who had been diagnosed with Adie's tonic pupil from February 1998 to February 2009, were retrospectively reviewed. On March 2010, a cross-sectional examination was performed in 16 patients (19 eyes) who underwent a follow-up of more than 1 year. Measurements included pupil size in room light, bright light and in darkness; near point of accommodation; presence of segmental iris palsy; light-near dissociation; denervation supersensitivity; corneal sensitivity; and deep tendon reflex (DTR). RESULTS: Among the patients studied, 16 were women in Adie's tonic pupils. Only 3 of patients had bilateral involvement. The mean age of onset was 38.3 years. The mean size of Adie's tonic pupils was 2.3 mm larger than the fellow eyes. Segmental iris palsy was detected in 93.8% of the patients. Denervation supersensitivity was observed in all patients. Light-near dissociation was present in 88.2% and over 90% of the patients had decreased DTR in the biceps, triceps, knee and ankle jerk. CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study showed Adie's tonic pupil tended to become miotic and recover accommodation power over the years.
Age of Onset ; Animals ; Ankle ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Denervation ; Dissociative Disorders ; Eye ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iris ; Knee ; Light ; Medical Records ; Paralysis ; Pupil ; Reflex, Stretch ; Retrospective Studies ; Tonic Pupil

Since the new hypertension guideline published by the American Heart Association/American College Cardiology/American Society of Hypertension in 2017, the Korean Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Hypertension revised and announced new hypertension guidelines. Also the Korean Society of Hypertension published Korea hypertension fact sheet 2018, including prevalence, awareness, management status of hypertension, and their trends in Korea. Herein, I provide information on diagnosis and treatment of hypertension based on the new guidelines of the Korean Society of Hypertension.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Heart ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Prevalence

Primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater is extremely rare. We report two cases of adenosquamous carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater in a 48-year-old female and an 80-year-old female patient. The gross appearance was a polypoid mass in both cases. Histologically, the majority of the two tumors was composed of squamous cell carcinoma with some intermingled glandular adenocarcinoma components in both cases. Squamous cell carcinomas showed an abrupt transition from the normal glandular epithelium or glandular adenocarcinoma. Although the two cases revealed duodenal wall invasion and lymph node metastasis was found in case 2, both patients are still alive at 19 and 46 months after surgery, respectively.
Adenocarcinoma ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ampulla of Vater* ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis

We present the case of a 7 year-old child who underwent angioplasty with a stent for anastomosis site stenosis between a left subclavian artery free graft and the left main coronary artery in an arterial switch operation.
Angioplasty* ; Child* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Stents* ; Subclavian Artery ; Transplants ; Transposition of Great Vessels

PURPOSE: We tried to evaluate the role of conventional radiotherapy alone or with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the hypopharyngeal cncer by retrospective analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between Jul. 1985 and Sep. 1992, 42 patinets of hypopharyngeal cancer were treated by conventional radiotherapy alone or combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The male to female ration was 20:1 with a median age of 58 years. Twelve patients were treated by conventional radiotherapy alone and 30 patients were treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. RESULTS: Seven patients were stage I, II and the patients with stage III and IV were 10 and 25, respectively at the time of presentation. The overall survival and disease-specific survival rates at 24 month were 12.9% and 15.5%, respectively. Two-year survival rates of stage I+II and III+IV patients were 50% and 6.3%, respectively(p<0.05). Sixteen patients (38%) revealed CR and 26 patients(62%) revealed less that CR at the end of radiotherapy and their 2-year survival rates were 31.3% and 0%, respectively(p<0.05). On univariate anaysis, stage, T-stage, N-stage and treatment response were the significant prognositc factors, but only stage an dtreatment response were significant on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: This conventional radiotherapy alone or with neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not seem to be sufficient in the treatment of most advanced hypopharyngeal cancer. Therefore other treatment modalities such as hyperfractionation or concurrent chemoradiotherapy should be considered.
Chemoradiotherapy ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms* ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Radiotherapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: We wanted to compare the treatment outcome, safety, efficacy and complications of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), interstitial laser coagulation (ILC), transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) and transurethral ethanol ablation of the prostate (TEAP) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective, randomized study, a total of 403 patients with symptomatic BPH were treated by TURP, ILC, TUNA or TEAP from January 1998 to December 2002. ILC was performed using the Indigo 830e LaserOptic(TM) System with a specially designed interstitial thermotherapy light guide, TUNA was performed using the VidaMed TUNA System and TEAP was performed using the Prostaject(TM) device. The treatment outcomes were evaluated at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the prostate volume, the maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax), the post-void residual urine (PVR), and the quality of life (QoL) assessment score. RESULTS: All the patients in the four groups showed significant improvement for all the parameters. After 1 year, the four groups showed significant improvement in the clinical and voiding parameters (IPSS, Qmax, PVR, prostate volume and QoL). Our results did not show significant differences in the IPSS, prostate volume and QoL among the four groups. However, the TURP group showed a higher Qmax, and the TEAP group showed a less reduced prostate volume than the other groups during the follow-up period (p<0.05). The period of hospital admission showed no significant difference between the ILC, TUNA and TEAP groups, but the TURP group showed a longer hospital admission period compared to the other groups. The TURP group was markedly associated with more complications than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: These early results indicate that ILC, TUNA and TEAP are safe, effective and useful alternative therapies to TURP for the patients with symptomatic BPH.
Complementary Therapies ; Ethanol ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Indigo Carmine ; Laser Coagulation ; Needles ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Quality of Life ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate* ; Treatment Outcome* ; Tuna*

PURPOSE: Proctitis is one of acute complications encountered when radiotherapy was applied to the pelvis. Radiation-induced proctitis represents similar microscopic findings that are observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the inflammatory process and many data suggest a close relationship between NO production and gastrointestinal inflammation. This study was aimed to establish the optimal radiation dose for radiation-induced proctitis in rat and to find a relationship between radiation proctitis and NO production. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female Wistar rats, weighing from 150 to 220 g, received various doses(10-30 Gy) of radiation to the rectum. On the 5th and 10th day after irradiation, rectal specimens were evaluated grossly and microscopically. In addition, the degree of NO production by irradiation dose was evaluated by study with NOS expression and nitrite production in the irradiated rectal tissue. To evaluate relationship between radiation proctitis and NO, we administered aminoguanidine, iNOS inhibitor and L-arginine, substrate of NOS to rats from 2 days before to 7 days after the irradiation. RESULTS: There were obvious gross and histological changes after 17.5 Gy or higher radiation dose but not with 15 Gy or less radiation dose. Twenty Gy or higher dose of radiation caused Grade 4 damage in most of rectal specimens which were more likely to be related to the late complications such as fibrosis, rectal bleeding and rectal obstruction. A single fraction of 17.5 Gy to the rat rectum is considered to be an optimal dose to produce commonly experienced proctitis in the clinic. The result demonstrated that severity of microscopic damage of rectal mucosa from irradiation significantly correlated with iNOS overexpression. However, administration of iNOS inhibitor or substrate of iNOS did not influence the degree of rectal damage. CONCLUSION: A single fraction of 17.5 Gy irradiation to the rat rectum considered to be an optimal dose for radiation induced proctitis model. These results indicated that an excess production of NO contributes to pathogenesis of radiation-induced proctitis in part but was not the direct cause of rectal damage.
Animals ; Arginine ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Models, Animal ; Mucous Membrane ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitric Oxide* ; Pelvis ; Proctitis* ; Radiotherapy ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Rectum