This study assessed the current concepts of pediatric elbow fractures. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for publications in English on elbow fractures. Papers believed to yield significant findings to this area were included in this review. The supracondyle of humerus, lateral condyle of the humerus, proximal radius, and proximal ulna fractures were included. Sixteen papers and textbooks were selected. Pediatric elbow fractures should be evaluated for combined injuries. Treatment should be done accurately for each fracture for the further growth of children.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of plyometric training and resistance training on shoulder proprioception and neuromuscular control in overhead sports club members. Methods: Twenty overhead sports club members participated in this program (male=14, female=6) who regularly participated in overhead sports activities were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group (n=10) and a resistance training group (n=10). The training program consists of 12 types of plyometric exercises and seven types of resistance exercises and it was conducted with the general overhead sports club activities for 6 weeks. Shoulder proprioception through joint position sense (JPS), threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) and neuromuscular control through closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), upper quarter Y-balance test (UQYBT), seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), functional throwing performance index (FTPI) were measured before and after training. Results: JPS external rotation (ER), CKCUEST normalization and CKCUEST power, UQYBT, FTPI were significantly improved in both groups after the 6-week training program. Also, TTDPM internal rotation, TTDPM ER, SMBT were significantly improved only in the plyometric training group. Conclusion The conclusion of this study is that both plyometric training and resistance training were shown to be effective in improving proprioception and neuromuscular control, but only plyometric training showed significant improvements in TTDPM and SMBT. Therefore, both trainings were effective in improving JPS ER, CKCUEST, UQYBT and FTPI, but only plyometric training was effective in improving TTDPM and SMBT.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of plyometric training and resistance training on shoulder proprioception and neuromuscular control in overhead sports club members. Methods: Twenty overhead sports club members participated in this program (male=14, female=6) who regularly participated in overhead sports activities were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group (n=10) and a resistance training group (n=10). The training program consists of 12 types of plyometric exercises and seven types of resistance exercises and it was conducted with the general overhead sports club activities for 6 weeks. Shoulder proprioception through joint position sense (JPS), threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) and neuromuscular control through closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), upper quarter Y-balance test (UQYBT), seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), functional throwing performance index (FTPI) were measured before and after training. Results: JPS external rotation (ER), CKCUEST normalization and CKCUEST power, UQYBT, FTPI were significantly improved in both groups after the 6-week training program. Also, TTDPM internal rotation, TTDPM ER, SMBT were significantly improved only in the plyometric training group. Conclusion The conclusion of this study is that both plyometric training and resistance training were shown to be effective in improving proprioception and neuromuscular control, but only plyometric training showed significant improvements in TTDPM and SMBT. Therefore, both trainings were effective in improving JPS ER, CKCUEST, UQYBT and FTPI, but only plyometric training was effective in improving TTDPM and SMBT.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of plyometric training and resistance training on shoulder proprioception and neuromuscular control in overhead sports club members. Methods: Twenty overhead sports club members participated in this program (male=14, female=6) who regularly participated in overhead sports activities were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group (n=10) and a resistance training group (n=10). The training program consists of 12 types of plyometric exercises and seven types of resistance exercises and it was conducted with the general overhead sports club activities for 6 weeks. Shoulder proprioception through joint position sense (JPS), threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) and neuromuscular control through closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), upper quarter Y-balance test (UQYBT), seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), functional throwing performance index (FTPI) were measured before and after training. Results: JPS external rotation (ER), CKCUEST normalization and CKCUEST power, UQYBT, FTPI were significantly improved in both groups after the 6-week training program. Also, TTDPM internal rotation, TTDPM ER, SMBT were significantly improved only in the plyometric training group. Conclusion The conclusion of this study is that both plyometric training and resistance training were shown to be effective in improving proprioception and neuromuscular control, but only plyometric training showed significant improvements in TTDPM and SMBT. Therefore, both trainings were effective in improving JPS ER, CKCUEST, UQYBT and FTPI, but only plyometric training was effective in improving TTDPM and SMBT.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of plyometric training and resistance training on shoulder proprioception and neuromuscular control in overhead sports club members. Methods: Twenty overhead sports club members participated in this program (male=14, female=6) who regularly participated in overhead sports activities were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group (n=10) and a resistance training group (n=10). The training program consists of 12 types of plyometric exercises and seven types of resistance exercises and it was conducted with the general overhead sports club activities for 6 weeks. Shoulder proprioception through joint position sense (JPS), threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) and neuromuscular control through closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), upper quarter Y-balance test (UQYBT), seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), functional throwing performance index (FTPI) were measured before and after training. Results: JPS external rotation (ER), CKCUEST normalization and CKCUEST power, UQYBT, FTPI were significantly improved in both groups after the 6-week training program. Also, TTDPM internal rotation, TTDPM ER, SMBT were significantly improved only in the plyometric training group. Conclusion The conclusion of this study is that both plyometric training and resistance training were shown to be effective in improving proprioception and neuromuscular control, but only plyometric training showed significant improvements in TTDPM and SMBT. Therefore, both trainings were effective in improving JPS ER, CKCUEST, UQYBT and FTPI, but only plyometric training was effective in improving TTDPM and SMBT.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of plyometric training and resistance training on shoulder proprioception and neuromuscular control in overhead sports club members. Methods: Twenty overhead sports club members participated in this program (male=14, female=6) who regularly participated in overhead sports activities were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group (n=10) and a resistance training group (n=10). The training program consists of 12 types of plyometric exercises and seven types of resistance exercises and it was conducted with the general overhead sports club activities for 6 weeks. Shoulder proprioception through joint position sense (JPS), threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) and neuromuscular control through closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), upper quarter Y-balance test (UQYBT), seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), functional throwing performance index (FTPI) were measured before and after training. Results: JPS external rotation (ER), CKCUEST normalization and CKCUEST power, UQYBT, FTPI were significantly improved in both groups after the 6-week training program. Also, TTDPM internal rotation, TTDPM ER, SMBT were significantly improved only in the plyometric training group. Conclusion The conclusion of this study is that both plyometric training and resistance training were shown to be effective in improving proprioception and neuromuscular control, but only plyometric training showed significant improvements in TTDPM and SMBT. Therefore, both trainings were effective in improving JPS ER, CKCUEST, UQYBT and FTPI, but only plyometric training was effective in improving TTDPM and SMBT.

PURPOSE: Circumcision in childhood is widely practiced in Korea, but the Korean attitude to circumcision has not been well studied. Our aim was to evaluatethe knowledge and general opinion of Korean adult males toward circumcision. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One thousand five hundred self-completed questionnaires were distributed to adult males of five major age groups from 10s' to 50s' divided into decades. Questions asked about the responders' opinions regarding the necessity, reasons, potential benefits, and disadvantages for circumcision, and also asked if there was any peer pressure when deciding upon circumcision. The responses were collected and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The response rate was 62.7% (936). Of 836 responders, 611 (73.1%) believed that circumcision is necessary, while 59 (7.1%) believed it to be unnecessary. The principal reason for circumcision was improvement of penile hygiene (77.9%). Of 921 responders, 768 (83.4%) believed that the smegma is a dirty material infected by microorganisms. Of 901 responders, 619 (68.7%) didn't prefer the neonatal period regardless of age. The major reason was pain (36.9%). Peer pressure was one of the most influencing factors when deciding upon circumcision: 540 (60.8%) of 888 responders believed that they might be ridiculed by their peer group unless they were circumcised and the younger, the more frequent (p<0.05). Of 917 responders, 616 (62.7%) thought that circumcision would prevent genital tract infection of the sexual partner. Responders with lower education or older responders were prone to emphasize the improvement in sexual potency (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that common beliefs held by adult males about the prepuce or circumcision are homogeneous according to age. It is critical to tailor education about the potential benefits and disadvantages of circumcision.
Adult* ; Circumcision, Male* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Korea ; Male ; Male* ; Peer Group ; Phimosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; Reproductive Tract Infections ; Sexual Partners ; Smegma

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To identify the implementation of self-exercise therapy and analyze the effects of exercise therapy after lumbar discectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studied 47 patients who underwent partial lumbar discectomy and laminectomy from January, 2009 to December, 2009. They were instructed on 16 kinds of exercise therapy in total from postoperative 1day to postoperative 6weeks. Group A (n=25), whose frequency of outpatient clinic visit is above the average, and Group B (n=22), whose frequency of visit is relatively low;, below 5 times. We tested the visual analog scale (VAS scale) of back, Oswestry disability index and the strength of the two groups before surgery and at postoperative 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: The degree of pain was significantly different (26.6+/-9.4 and 53.5+/-18.6) between group A and group B at postoperative 6 months. Function of daily life and strength test were significantly different (6.6+/-4.8 and 11.3+/-4.0 at group A, 3.6+/-0.9 and 3.0+/-1.1 at group B) between the two groups at postoperative 12 months. The characteristics of low compliance patients are low accessibility to the hospital and lack of knowledge on the importance of exercise according to the degree of pain. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that postoperative exercise program has significant effects on the pain, the function of daily life. It also increases flexibility and strengthens the muscle of patients with high compliance of outpatient clinic visit. The factors influencing the results are the age of patients, the willingness to exercise, and the environment in which each patient lives/resides.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Compliance ; Diskectomy* ; Exercise Therapy ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Muscles* ; Pliability ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Analog Scale

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication in orthopedic surgery and has the potential to lead to fatal complications such as pulmonary thromboembolism. However, the precise incidence and risk factors for DVT in the foot and ankle fields remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of DVT and identify its risk factors after foot and ankle surgery. Methods: Between September 2020 and July 2023, screening duplex ultrasonography was performed on 278 patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery and required immobilization. The findings from screening duplex ultrasonography were assessed in conjunction with the symptoms present at the time of diagnosis. Heterogeneous demographic data that could serve as potential risk factors for DVT, including diagnosis, body mass index, and other medical histories, were examined alongside pertinent surgeryrelated data, such as tourniquet time. Results: Among the 278 individuals, DVT occurred in 41 patients (14.7%). Among these, 92.7% originated at the calf level and the majority were asymptomatic. The cases originating above the calf accounted for 3 cases, representing 7.3% of patients diagnosed with DVT (1.1% of the entire screened population). Acute trauma, history of previous DVT, and old age were identified as statistically significant risk factors for DVT occurrence, with odds ratios of 2.44 (p = 0.04), 6.40 (p = 0.02), and 1.16 (p = 0.03), respectively. Conclusions After foot and ankle surgery, DVT occurred in 14.7% of cases. Acute trauma, history of DVT, and old age were identified as risk factors for DVT. These findings highlight the necessity of careful monitoring and appropriate prophylactic interventions for high-risk patients. Further investigation is required to determine effective prophylactic strategies for this patient population.

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication in orthopedic surgery and has the potential to lead to fatal complications such as pulmonary thromboembolism. However, the precise incidence and risk factors for DVT in the foot and ankle fields remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of DVT and identify its risk factors after foot and ankle surgery. Methods: Between September 2020 and July 2023, screening duplex ultrasonography was performed on 278 patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery and required immobilization. The findings from screening duplex ultrasonography were assessed in conjunction with the symptoms present at the time of diagnosis. Heterogeneous demographic data that could serve as potential risk factors for DVT, including diagnosis, body mass index, and other medical histories, were examined alongside pertinent surgeryrelated data, such as tourniquet time. Results: Among the 278 individuals, DVT occurred in 41 patients (14.7%). Among these, 92.7% originated at the calf level and the majority were asymptomatic. The cases originating above the calf accounted for 3 cases, representing 7.3% of patients diagnosed with DVT (1.1% of the entire screened population). Acute trauma, history of previous DVT, and old age were identified as statistically significant risk factors for DVT occurrence, with odds ratios of 2.44 (p = 0.04), 6.40 (p = 0.02), and 1.16 (p = 0.03), respectively. Conclusions After foot and ankle surgery, DVT occurred in 14.7% of cases. Acute trauma, history of DVT, and old age were identified as risk factors for DVT. These findings highlight the necessity of careful monitoring and appropriate prophylactic interventions for high-risk patients. Further investigation is required to determine effective prophylactic strategies for this patient population.