BACKGROUND: It is known that obesity is related to hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus. The results of study done in Korea are widely spread. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of obesity by four obesity measure methods and the risk of obesity for obesity related diseases. METHODS: This study was done for the period from May 1 to August 31, 1995 in three health care centers run by middle sized hospitals in Pusan. The total number of sampled population was 654(men 227, women 427) RESULTS: We compared obesity by sex and age according to four obesity measure methods. The results were as following . Obesity was more prevailed in women than in men for all measure methods. In women, there was significant difference according to age by Brocas Index(P =0.006), Kassura's modified formula(P=0.018) and Suh's formula(P=0.009) but in men there was no significant difference. We cornpared the laboratory test results of men and women. The test results elevated significantly in men were diastolic blood pressure(P=0.001), hemoglobin(P<0.001), aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(P=0.034), alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(P=0.011), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase(rGT)(P<0.001). Total cholesterol was elevated significantly in women. We evaluated the correlation of age and obesity with the tests. For the age, systolic blood pressure(P<0.001), diastolic blood pressure(P=0.001), total cholesterol(P<0.001), glucose(P=0.038), AST(P<0.001) were correlated positively. For the obesity, systolic blood pressure(P<0.001), diastolic blood pressure(P<0.001), total cholesterol(P<0.001), glucose(P= 0.045), ALT(P=0.003) were correlated positively. The odds ratio of obesity for elevated blood pressure was 1.03(P=0.005), for hypercholesterolemia 1.03(P=0.001), for elevated ALT 1.03(P =0.005) for hyperglycemia 1.01(P=0.083). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found that the prevalence of obesity is higher in women than in men at 40 years old and beyond. We found that obesity is independent risk factor of elevated blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia and elevated ALT. We suggest that the clinicians be concerned in dealing with obesity.
Adult* ; Alanine ; Aspartic Acid ; Blood Pressure ; Busan ; Cholesterol ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hyperglycemia ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Male ; Obesity* ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to assess the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the menopausal symptoms of Korean women by comparing the postmenopausal symptoms before and after HRT in women who continued therapy and those who stopped. METHODS: The subjects were 40 menopausal women(24 women on continuous medication, 16 women who discontinued medication) who received HRT and were alde follow of at least 2 months later in the Department of Family Practice. The menopausal symptoms were evaluated by two doctors according to the modified Kupperman Index. RESULTS: The basic values of Kupperman Index were not significantly different between women who had received the HRT continuously and those who discontinued HRT. In women with continued HRT improved symptoms after HRT were hot flushes, sweating, fatigue, headache, tachycardia and total score of Kupperman Index. However, only vertigo and headache were improved in women who discontinued HRT. Treatment period was the single most predictor of total score of Kupperman Index after therapy. And it could explain the 44.1% of variance of total score in the direction of improvement proportional to the treatment period. CONCLUSIONS: The HRT is helpful to relieve the menopausal symptoms. And the treatment period is more important than the severity of basic symptoms to improve menopausal symptoms after therapy.
Family Practice ; Fatigue ; Female ; Headache ; Hormone Replacement Therapy* ; Humans ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Tachycardia ; Vertigo

55 consecutive anatrophic nephrolithotomies on 53 patients performed between July, 1983 and June, 1990 were reviewed. The patients (36 male and 19 female) ranged in age from 3 to 72 years. The operation time averaged 219.8 minutes with a range of 120-330 minutes, and the ischemic time ranged between 20 and 90 minutes, with a mean of 43.5 minutes. Postoperative complications developed in 18 patients, which were such as persistent urinary tract infection in 5cases (9.4%), atelectasis in 4 (7.5%), transient urine leak in 2 (3.8%), delayed bleeding in 2 (3.8%) and urinary retention in 2 (3.8%). Postoperative residual stones were identified in 15 (27.3%), but in 8 of these 15patients stones were delivered spontaneously and thus 48 of 55 cases (87.3%) became stone free. The recurrence of stone was noted in 2 out of 48 patients during the short follow up period. Anatrophic nephrolithotomy seems to be an effective method compared to other procedure because of decreasing recurrence of stone by complete stone removal and reconstruction of abnormal collecting system.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Postoperative Complications ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Recurrence ; Urinary Retention ; Urinary Tract Infections

PURPOSE: Prostatic tumor induced gene-1 (PTI-1) is a mutated human EF-la and putative prostatic carcinoma tumor-inducing oncogene, that is differently expressed in prostatic cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. And, it is more sensitive marker than prostate- specific antigen (PSA) for detecting human prostate cancer in the bloodstream. This study invastigated the expression of PTI-1 in paraffin embedded tissue of prostatic carcinoma, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and benign prostatic hyperplasia using in situ PCR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we evaluated expression of PTI-1 in prostatic carcinoma with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) of 32 cases, benign hyperplasia of 20 cases, high grade transitional cell carcinoma of 10 cases and colon cancer of 10 cases for control group. Also, the immunohistochemical staining for PSA was performed to comparison with clinical value of PSA. RESULTS: The serum level of PSA was closely related to stage and Gleason score (p < 0.05). However, the results of immunohistochemical stains were variable to stage and Gleason score. PTI-1 using in situ PCR expressed in 50% of prostatic carcinoma, 41% of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, 10% of benign hyperplasia and colon cancer (p < 0.05). No expression is observed in transitional cell carcinoma. In prostatic carcinoma, PTI-1 expressed in 43.8% (7/16) of stage II, 50.0% (5/10) of stage III, and 66.7% (4/6) of stage IV (p<0.05). In PIN, expression of PTI-1 was similar to prostatic carcinoma (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: PTI-1 represented a relatively sensitive marker for prostatic carcinoma and PIN, indicator of prostatic carcinoma progression.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Coloring Agents ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Neoplasm Grading ; Oncogenes* ; Paraffin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Prostatic Neoplasms

A 49-year-old male had erythematous to rusky red papules, indurated plaques and lichenified patches with hyperpigmentation on sun-exposed areas for 6 years. Phototest revealed the decreased rninimal erythemal dose to UVA(10J/cm. Photopatch test with 5% Trandate ointment, 5% hydrochlorthiazide ointment and vaselin. as a control were all negative. Two weeks after cessation of Trandate, an oral challenge of hydrochlorthiazide followed by phototest was perfrirmed resulting in exacerbation of skin lesions and photosensitivity with a decreased MED to UVA(10J/cm) again. After the cesation of Trandate containing hydrochlorthiazide, the skin lesions were improved with complete loss of photosensitivity. But, improvement of the infiltrated or licheified plaques were delayed. Presenile cataract previously noted in the patient seemed to be related to his longstanding intake of hydrochlorthiazide.
Cataract ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Labetalol ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin

We report a case of a phototoxic reaction in a 48-year-old female induced by griseofulvin ingestion. The patient hac! erythematous papules, vesicles and patches on the sun-exposed areas. Phototest revealed a decreased minimal erythemal dose to UVA (10J/cm). Photopatch tests with 1%, 5%, 10% Griseofulvin ointment and vaseline as a control and photoingestion tests with Griseofulvin (50mg b.i.d.) were all negative. After the cessation of Griseofulvin, her skin lesions were markedly improved with complete loss of photosensitivity.
Eating ; Female ; Griseofulvin ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Petrolatum ; Skin

Erythromelalgia is a rare disorder characterized by intense hun ing pain in the distal extremities associated with erythema and increased skin temperature. The patient was a 42- year-old woman with a 5 year history of burning pain, erythema, and warmth of the skin on both hands and feet. She had been suffering from bronchiali astalima since childhood. The onset of the symptoms were temporally related to the attacks of hei bronchial asthma. Physical examination revealed mottled dusky red patches on her both ha ids and feet, and purplish acrocyanosis on the finger and toe tips. We present a case of secondary erythromelalgia associated with bronchial asthma and acrocyanosis.
Asthma* ; Burns ; Erythema ; Erythromelalgia ; Extremities ; Female ; Fingers ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Physical Examination ; Skin ; Skin Temperature ; Toes

No abstract available.
Gastric Emptying* ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy*

No abstract available.
Gastric Emptying* ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy*

A muscular calf is esthetically unappealing in Asian women. Treatment by liposuction alone has poroven to be difficult due to a small amount of fat. We established a new method of transecting half of the gastrocnemius tendon in order to improve the contour of the calf. Thirty-five patients were operated on during the past 3 years. The medial or lateral half of the gastrocnemius tendon was cut using an endoscopic-guided 3M AGEE blade through a 1cm-sized incision. The portion of the muscle above the site of the transection was elevated from the underlying soleus muscles. We checked the calf circumference and evaluated the clinical results at 6 months postoperatively. An average 10% reduction in calf circumfernce was measured, showing a significant esthetic improvement. There were no significant changes in gait analysis or in the Cybex test. There were no specific complications related to the procedure. Through our clinical experience in 35 cases, we were able to prove that tenotomy is a effective, simple and easy method without severe morbidity.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Gait ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Muscles ; Tendons ; Tenotomy*