In 1933 Shope described an infectious papilloma of wild cattontail rabbits. Shope rabbit papilloma is a virus-induced epidermal neopIasm indigenous to western cottontail rabbits and readily transmissible to domestic rabbits by inocuiation with an cell-free extract of wild cottontail papilloma. Shope papilloma induced in the domestic rabbits may spoataneously, remain benign, or progress to carcinoma. Kidd et al. (1936) noted that the regression is not correlated with the titer of virus neutralizing antibody. The possibility that papilloma regression is brought about by a mechanism anaIogous to that operating in allograft rejection was suggested by kidd et al. (1938) with the view of the histological resemblance between papilloma regression and rejection of allografted tissue. That regression is mediated by an immune mechanism is strongly indicated by the findings of Evans et al.(1962) that the proportion of rabbits showing regression is substantially increased by vaccination of rabbits with their own papilloma tissue or with papilloma tissue from another rabbits. McMichael (1967) demonstrated that suppression of regression was achieved by use of large doses of corticosteroid. The effect of 5-fluorouracil on human warts was mentioned as being effective by Goldman et al. (1963). In Korea resinous extract from Paulownia coreana has long been used empirically in the treatment of human warts. In this investigation effects of dexamethasone administration on the development and the spontaneous regression of Shope papillomas in domestic rabbits were studied. At the same time, observations were made to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of topical application of 5% 5-fluorouracil ointment and resinous extract from Paulownia coreana on Shope papilloma in the domestic rabbit. The results are summarized as follows: l. Administration of dexamethasone significantly reduced the spontaneous regression of Shope papillomas in domestic rabbits by 12 weeks after virus inoculation. 2. Topical application of 5% 5-fluorouracil ointment on Shope papillomas cured the tumors by 4 weeks of drug application. However, similar treament with resinous extract from Paulownia coreana was without any demonstrable effects. 3. Marked losses of body weights became manifest in dexamethasone treated rabbits. 4. Reinoculation of Shope papilloma virus into 2 rabbits whose papillomas had regressed 3 months ago failed to produce papillomas.
Allografts ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Body Weight ; Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus ; Dexamethasone* ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Korea ; Papilloma* ; Rabbits ; Tumor Virus Infections ; Vaccination ; Warts

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Female ; Lactation* ; Pregnancy*

The involvement of mucosal mast cells (MMC) in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is still controversial. We aimed to re-evaluate the role of MMC in visceral hypersensitivity associated with IBS using a rat IBS model that develops the IBS symptom after a subsidence of acetic acid-induced colitis. No significant difference in the number of MMC was observed between normal rat colon and IBS rat colon. (61.7 +/-2.9/mm 2 in normal vs. 88.7 +/-13.3/mm 2 in IBS, p >0.29). However, the degranulation rate of MMC was significantly higher in IBS rat colon (49.5 +/-2.4% in normal vs. 68.8 +/-3.4% in IBS, p >0.05). Pretreatment of a mast cell stabilizer, doxantrazole (5 mg/kg, i.p.), reduced the degranulation rate of MMC and significantly attenuated visceral hypersensitivity to rectal distension in IBS rat, whereas it had no effect on the visceral sensory responses in normal rat. These results suggest that, although the number of MMC is not significantly changed in IBS rat colon, the higher degranulation rate of MMC is responsible for visceral hypersensitivity in this model IBS.
Acetic Acid/toxicity ; Animals ; Cell Count ; Colitis/chemically induced/*pathology ; Hypersensitivity/*pathology ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Intestinal Mucosa/*pathology ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/*pathology ; Male ; Mast Cells/drug effects/*pathology ; Models, Theoretical ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thioxanthenes/pharmacology ; Viscera/immunology ; Xanthones/pharmacology

Liver has a dual blood supply from portal vein and hepatic artery. Hepatocellular carcinoma receive their blood supply almost exclusively from hepatic artery. Thus, the concept of treating hepatocellular carcinoma by chemoembolization through these arteries is very effective. However, there may be several collateral or parasitic vessels feeding them in case of huge tumor or previous chemoembolization. We experierced a case of huge tumor involving right upper posterior portion of liver fed by 9th, 10th, 11th right posterior intercostal arteries and an anomalous hepatic artery. We tried chemoembolization with Adriamycin-Lipiodol suspension and Gelfoam material through the right posterior intercostal arteries to treat the lesion. After the procedure, the patient(55 years old female) became paraplegic with voiding and defecation difficulty which could be due to spinal cord infarction .by anterior spinal arteri. al occlusion caused by embolic material through the artery of Adamkiewicz from a posterior intercostal artery. She recovered completely after 20 days of treatment.
Arteries* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Defecation ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Hepatic Artery ; Infarction ; Liver ; Portal Vein ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord*

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to investigate the correlation between the symptoms and the incidence of anatomical variant without mucosal abnormality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of 892 patients with CT performed for the evaluation of sinus disease symptoms between March 1991 and March 1993, we observed the anatomic variations in 82 symptomatic patients without mucosal abnormality(male:female=43:39, mean age 36. 4 years). The control group included 88 patients with facial bone CT performed for the evaluation of trauma during the same period while patients with recent paranasal sinusitis were excluded. (male:female=76:12, mean age 22. 4 years). The scouis were performed with 5-ram section thickness from posterior margin of sphenoid sinus to anterior margin of posterior ethmoid and then with 3 mm thickness from anterior margin of posterior ethmoid to anterior margin of frontal sinus. The artatomic variations included nasoseptal deviation, concha bullosa, Hailer cells, Agger nasi cells, etc. RESULTS: The anatomic variations were demonstrated in 71 our of 82 symptomatic patients(86. 5%), whereas they were seen 26 of 88 patients(29. 5%) in control group. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that there is a possible causal relationship between anatomic variations and symptomas. Even though without accompaning mucosal abnormalities, anatomic variations could contribute simply to its symptomas. ^natomic variants may obstruct or narrow the airway, leading to turbulating air flow or interrupting ucociliary movement, and finally may produce a series os symptoms.
Facial Bones ; Frontal Sinus ; Humans ; Incidence ; Sinusitis ; Sphenoid Sinus

PURPOSE: The technique of anastomosis for gastroduodenostomy is thought to be of importance to success in the postoperative period and to the development of certain complications. Most surgeons a use two-layer anastomosis method. However, interest in single-layer anastomosis has increased. Therefore, we investigated the differences between single-layer and two-layer methods for anastomosis by comparing clinicopathological parameters and clinical courses. METHODS: This report is a retrospective clinical analysis of 265 patients of gastric cancer who underwent gastroduodenostomy following distal gastrectomy at the Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital from Jan. 1991 to Dec. 1999. RESULTS: There was no significant difference observed between the two groups with regard to the mode of presentation, mean age, sex, or pathological characteristics of the tumor. The time for the anastomosis was shorter in the single-layer group (30.1+/-1.0 vs 37.1+/-2.1 minutes, p<0.001), the time of gas out was earlier in the single-layer group (4.4+/-1.1 vs 4.7+/-1.2 days, p=0.027) and the time of food intake was earlier in the single-layer group (5.7+/-0.8 vs 6.3+/-1.4 days, p<0.001) than in the two-layer group. Although the complication rate was not significantly different between the two groups, anastomotic leak was observed in 4 cases (2.7%) of the single-layer group and 3 cases (2.6%) of the two-layer group, and passage disorders were observed in 4 cases (2.7%) of the single-layer group and 5 cases (4.3%) of the two-layer group. CONCLUSION: A gastrodudenostomy using the single-layer anastomosis method has an advantage over the two-layer method for anastomosis with respect to the time for anastomosis, the time of gas out and time of food intake. Therefore the single-layer anastomosis method can be effectively employed in gastric cancer surgery.
Anastomotic Leak ; Eating ; Gastrectomy* ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Spinal Stenosis*

No abstract available.
Mandible*

PURPOSE: Bipolar energy has recently been used for transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Although this modality is thought to be safe, there are some controversies concerning the pathologic accuracy of the biopsy specimens. We compared clinical efficacy, safety, and pathologic characteristics of deep biopsy specimens between bipolar and monopolar devices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2002 to June 2007, a total of 115 patients underwent TURBT with deep biopsy with the use of bipolar (bipolar group, n=64) or monopolar (monopolar group, n=51) devices. We retrospectively analyzed tumor size, tumor number, urine cytology, perioperative blood loss (postoperative changes in hemoglobin levels), complications, duration of catheterization, duration of hospitalization, pathologic stage, WHO grade, deep biopsy specimen thickness, and grade of thermal damage. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in tumor size, tumor number, urine cytology, complications, duration of hospitalization, pathologic stage, or WHO grade between the two groups. Postoperative changes in hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in the bipolar group (p=0.038), and the duration of catheterization was shorter in the bipolar group (p=0.026). The deep biopsy specimen thickness was significantly thinner in the bipolar group (2.25+/-0.94 mm vs. 3.02+/-1.39 mm, p<0.05). The grade of thermal damage was not statistically different between the two groups (p=0.862). CONCLUSIONS: In terms of clinical efficacy and safety, bipolar TURBT is comparable to monopolar TURBT, having advantages in perioperative blood loss and duration of catheterization. In addition, pathologic changes in deep biopsy after bipolar and monopolar TURBT are similar. Bipolar TURBT can be properly used for bladder tumors without pathologic error.
Artifacts ; Biopsy ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Hemoglobins ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Pathology, Surgical ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE: Cell to cell and cell to extracellular matrix interaction are crucial in tumor development and progression. Tight junction proteins such as claudins and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) play an important role in these processes. This study was performed to investigate the difference of expressions of claudin-1, claudin-4 and ZO-1 in low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC) of the uterine cervix. METHODS: The expressions of claudin-1, claudin-4 and ZO-1 were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining in 78 cervical tissue specimens (LSIL 22 case, HSIL 36 case, and ISCC 20 case). RESULTS: Claudin-1 expression was positive in 40.9% of LSIL, in 94.0% of HSIL and in 20.0% of ISCC. The expression of claudin-1 was significantly high in HSIL (p=0.0001). Claudin-4 expression was positive in 31.8% of LSIL, in 41.7% of HSIL and in 25.0% of ISCC. The expression of claudin-4 was high in HSIL, but it was not statistically different. ZO-1 expression was positive in 13.6% of LSIL, in 41.7% of HSIL, and in 25.5% of ISCC. The expression of ZO-1 was significantly high in HSIL (p=0.011). CONCLUSION: These results indicate increased expressions of claudin-1 and ZO-1 in the HSIL that includes cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 and 3, which decrease during progression to cervical cancer.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Cervix Uteri ; Claudin-1* ; Claudin-4* ; Claudins ; Extracellular Matrix ; Female ; Tight Junction Proteins ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms