Author have experienced 3 cases of intractable total traumatic hyphema on conservative medical treatment and have good results after surgical management by using Model 800(A) Ocutome vitrectomy instrument. For evacuation of blood clot in anterior chamber. The conclusion were as follow; 1. We experienced no significant intraoperative complication. 2. All 3 cases achieved intraocular presure controls in early post operative state and these controls were sustained till now without any antiglaucomatous agent. 3. Good final visual acuity was obtained in pure total hyphema in which there was no other associated intraocular injury at the time of trauma.
Anterior Chamber ; Hyphema* ; Intraoperative Complications ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

There had been few reports of arachnoid cyst accompanying psychiaric disturbance and no report treated with low-dose resperidone administration. We report a patient, developed first-transient psychotic episode considered to be provoked by an arachnoid cyst, responsive to risperidone, which was found in the middle cranial fossa as follows. A 57-year-old man was admitted by suddenly developed headache, auditory hallucination, delusion of persecution and, an arachnoid cyst in the anteromedial aspect of middle cranial fossa was found on MRI after admission. The psychotic episode was first to him and he was also negative to other clinical evaluation including endocrine abnormality, his psychotic symptom was suspected to be induced by arachnoid cyst and was well controlled to low-dose risperidone administration. He left hospital free from psychotic symptoms on 14 hospital days.
Arachnoid* ; Cranial Fossa, Middle ; Delusions ; Hallucinations ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Psychotic Disorders* ; Risperidone*

No abstract available.
Dialysis* ; Peritonitis* ; Salmonella*

No abstract available.
Dialysis* ; Peritonitis* ; Salmonella*

OBJECTIVE: Major depression is known to have immunologic dysfunctions, the recent studies revealed that cytokines including Il-6 and IL-1beta were increased in patients with major depression. Since molecular genetic methods have been progressed, this study was to investigate the relationship between major depression and immunologic aspects by analyzing polymorphism of IL-10 gene. METHOD: 92 patients with major depression were included and data of 146 normal controls obtained from the Catholic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Information Bank of Korea were used in this study. DNA was extracted from whole blood, thereafter amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and digested by Mae III. After that procedure, we obtained and assessed RFLP of two alleles, IL-10T and IL-10C. All data were analyzed by chi2 test. RESULTS: 1) There were no significant difference in genotype frequencies of IL-10*T/T, IL-10*T/C, and IL-10*C/C between major depression patients group and control group. 2) There were no significant difference in allelic frequencies of IL-10*T and IL-10*C between major depression patients group and control group. CONCLUSION: We did not verified the differences in frequencies of IL-10*T/IL-10*C gene between the major depression patients group and control group, respectively. But the results of this study do not declare that the IL-10 gene has no association with major depression. We do suggest that further systematic studies including various clinical variables should be conducted.
Alleles ; Cytokines ; Depression* ; DNA ; Genotype ; Humans ; Interleukin-10* ; Interleukin-6 ; Korea ; Molecular Biology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length* ; Stem Cells

Staphylococci are known to produce catalase, but there have been a few case reports of catalase-negative Staphylococcus aureus. The present report describes the first case of catalase-negative S. aureus associated with vaselinoma to our knowledge. We isolated a catalase-negative strain of S. aureus from a penile wound of a 35-year-old man who injected with vaseline into his penis 9 months ago. Colony morphology and biochemical reactions of the strain were typical of S. aureus except for catalase. The patient was diagnosed as having vaselinoma with wound infection and was successfully treated by the surgical removal of the vaseline granuloma and the administration of appropriate antibiotics. Catalase-negative S. aureus is considered to be a very rare variant of S. aureus. To date the number of reported cases of catalase-negative S. aureus is very few, so further studies need to be conducted to evaluate its clinical relation.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Catalase ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Male ; Penis ; Petrolatum ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus* ; Wound Infection* ; Wounds and Injuries*

OBJECTIVES: Tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines, and could be a candidate gene for causing the bipolar disorders. Therefore, we designed this study to investigate the association of the VNTR(variable number of tandem repeats) polymorphic locus in the first intron of the TH gene with bipolar disorders. METHODS: We typed VNTB polymorphic region of the TH gene using PCR in 115 bipolar patients and 85 normal controls. Four types of alleles(A, B, C, D) were typed according to the difference of the repeat(TCAT)6-9 number. The frequencies of allele and genotype were compared between patients and normal controls, and in patients and normal controls allelic frequencies were compared respectively in terms of family history of affective disorders and age of onset. RESULTS: 1) The allelic frequencies were significantly lower in type A, and significantly higher in type D in patient group compared to control group. The genotype frequencies were significantly higher in type BD in patient group than in control group. 2) In comparing the allelic frequencies among patient group with and without family history and control group, there were no significant differences between groups with and without family history, whereas patient group with family history showed lower significance in type A and higher significance in type D compared to control group. 3) In comparing the allelic frequencies among patient groups with early onset and late onset and control group, patient group with early onset showed higher significance in type D than patient group with late onset and showed lower significance in type A and higher significance in type D compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that the VNTR polymorphic region of the TH gene might be associated bipolar disorders, and type A and type D alleles might be susceptibility genes of bipolar disorder.
Age of Onset ; Alleles ; Bipolar Disorder ; Catecholamines ; Genotype ; Humans ; Introns ; Mood Disorders ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase* ; Tyrosine*

OBJECTIVE: Atypical antipsychotics have been reported to induce the elevation of serum transaminase frequently in Korea, although most of them don't cause severe liver injury. Some hepatoprotectants are commonly prescribed in order to reduce the serum level of transaminase in patients with schizophrenia. We performed the chart review retrospectively for investigating the effect of two hepatoprotectants, biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate+garlic oil combination (BDD), and silymarin+silybin combination (SMR14) on the serum transaminase (AST/ALT) elevated by atypical antipsychotics. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of 54 schizophrenic patients who experienced the elevation of serum AST/ALT after the treatment with atypical antipsychotics. Patients with preexisting liver disease or elevated AST/ALT above in-house normal limitation at admission were excluded. We obtained the level of serum AST/ALT at the time of hepatoprotectants administration, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the administration. Repeated Analyses of variance were conducted in order to identify sequential change of serum AST/ALT level, and Fisher's exact test were performed to compare the number of patients whose AST/ALT levels were normalized after 4 weeks between two groups. RESULTS: 33 males and 21 females were included in this study and the mean age of those subjects was 36.28+/-10.92. Among all the patients, 35 were treated with BDD and 19 were treated with SMR14. After administration of hapatoprotectants, both serum AST and ALT level were significantly reduced during 4 weeks (F=10.56, p<0.001;F=17.92, p<0.001). BDD was superior to SMR14 in the number of patients whose ALT level reduced below in-house upper limitation after 4 weeks of treatment with hepatoprotectants (p=0.012), but there was no difference between BDD and SMR14 in aspect to AST level. CONCLUSION: Both hepatoprotectants, BDD and SMR14 were effective in reducing serum AST/ALT level which had been elevated by atypical antipsychotics. BDD was superior to SMR14 in normalizing serum ALT level within 4 weeks. Increased liver enzyme is prevalent in patients during the treatment with atypical antipsychotics. More research will be needed in this field.
Antipsychotic Agents* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver Diseases ; Liver* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Schizophrenia

OBJECTIVES: Recently, the main focus of etiologic study in schizophrenia has been directed to molecular genetic approach including polymorphism analysis. Abnormal immunoreactivity to IL-4 promoter and IL-4Ralpha has been identified in patients with schizophrenia. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between schizophrenia and immunologic influences by analyzing the polymorphisms of IL-4 promoter and IL-4Ralpha gene that are involved in interaction between immunologic system and CNS. METHODS: 222 schizophrenic patients diagnosed by DSM-IV and data of 165 normal controls obtained from Catholic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Information Bank, College of medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, were used in this study. DNA was extracted from whole blood and the polymorphic loci of IL-4 promoter and IL-4Ralphagene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Gene typing was performed by using SSCP and the results were assessed. The frequencies of allele and genotype were compared between patients and normal controls and between paranoid group and non-paranoid group. All data were analyzed chi2-test with two-tailed Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: 1) There were no significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies of IL-4 promoter and IL-4Ralpha between the group of schizophrenic patients and controls. 2) There were no significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies of IL-4 promoter and of IL-4Ralpaha between the group of paranoid schizophrenic patients and non-paranoid schizophrenic patients. CONCLSUION: These results suggest that polymorphisms of IL-4 promoter and IL-4Ralpha genes are unlikely related with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Alleles ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; DNA ; Genotype ; Humans ; Interleukin-4* ; Korea ; Molecular Biology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Schizophrenia ; Stem Cells

To evaluate the characteristics of violent behavior of psychiatric inpatients, the authors reviewed clinical records of psychiatric patients who had admitted at UiJong Bu St. Mary's Hospital from January 1994 to lune 1995. We divided the 287 subjects into violent and nonviolent group according to the presence of violent behaviors in psychiatric ward. We assessed demographic variables, clinical characteristics and violent behaviors using Overt Aggression Scale and compared these variables of violent group with nonviolent group. The results were as follows: 1) The number of violent patients was 72(25.1% of the total). 2) In terms of demographic variables, the differences between two groups in education and occupation were significant(p<.05). 3) In psychiatric diagnoses, violent group were more likely to have mania, schizophrenia and organic rental disorder in sequence but there were no differences between violent and nonviolent group. 4) The history of violent behavior was greater in violent group(p<.001) and the mode of admission was significantly different between two groups(p<.005). 5) In cluster of psychopathology on admission, more frequently found clusters of psychopathology in violent group were agitation-excitement and hostile- suspiciousness and there were significant differences between two groups(p<.001). 6) The length of stay in violent group(59.3 days)was significantly longer than nonviolent group(38.4 days)(p<.001). 7) The types of violent behavior were verbal aggression, physical aggression against objects and physical aggression against other people in frequency sequence. 8) The most frequent type of behavioral clue before violent behavior was hyperactive, loud, verbally abusive, angry, hostile(68.1%). 9) Most of violent behaviors were presented between midday and 6 pm. in resting time. 10) 62.3% of total violent behaviors were occurred within first week following admission. 11) The variables which showed significant effects on total aggression score were religion, educational status, occupation, mode of admission, psychiatric diagnosis, psychopathology on admission and history of violent behavior before admission. In summary, these results showed similar trends compared to previous studies on characteristics of psychiatric inpatients. And we fecund that more important predictors of violent behavior in practice were likely to be history of violent behavior, psychopathology on admission and behavioral cue before violent behavior.
Aggression ; Bipolar Disorder ; Cues ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Educational Status ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Length of Stay ; Mental Disorders ; Occupations ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia