No abstract available.
Dermatomyositis*

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality using highly reactive oxygen intermediates generated by the interaction of light with a photosensitizer. It has been shown to be an effective treatment for the various cutaneous and noncutaneous malignancies. It is efficient for the curative and palliative treatment of epithelial skin tumors in situ, or early invasive lesions. We treated bowenoid actinic keratosis on the left hand with topical PDT using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and a low intensity (3.5 J/cm2) dye laser. After three sessions, the lesion had been completely cleared. We report a case of bowenoid actinic keratosis in 74-year-old man, who was treated with low intensity (3.5 J/cm2) dye laser following a topical application of 5-ALA.
Actins* ; Aged ; Hand ; Humans ; Keratosis, Actinic* ; Lasers, Dye* ; Oxygen ; Palliative Care ; Photochemotherapy* ; Skin

Melanoacanthoma is a variant of seborrheic keratosis which was first introduced by Mishima and Pinkus in 1960. This is a very rare and benign, epidermal tumor. Clinically, it is usually manifested in a pigmented, verrucous, round or oval plaque and nodular lesion. This is characterized histologically by nonpigmented keratinocytes and numerous large, richly dendritic melanocytes. We describe a 68-year-old man who suffered from a black-colored plaque on his right shin for 5 years. Melanoacanthoma was diagnosed by characteristic histopathologic findings.
Aged ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Melanocytes

This study was understand in order to examine the effect of hardness on stress-causing factors, defined in this study as burnout in nursing. The subjects were 248 nurses working in three general hospitals in Taejon. The instruments used for this study were a survey of general characteristics, modified Health-Related Hardiness Scale(HRHS) (25 items), job stress scale (63 items), and burnout scale(20 items). Analysis of data was done through the mean, percentage, Person correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression done with a SAS program. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The average item score for the job stress was high at 4.44. In the subcategories, the highest degree of stress was night duty(5.11), and work overload(4.70), responsibility for extra affairs(4.70), conflict in nurse-doctor relationships(4.69), and low reward (4.63) in that order. 2) In the stepwise multiple regression analysis, hardiness(11.55%) was a significant determinant of burnout along with job stress(17.24%) and job duration(12.94%). The results of this study show that hardiness has an effect on psychological distress caused by stress.
Daejeon ; Hardness ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Nursing ; Reward

BACKGROUND: Increased expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isotypes is present in human tumor cell lines and solid tumor tissues. Hypoxia upregulates NOS expression, and nitric oxide (NO) induces mitogenesis among endothelial cells. NO has been known to induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in carcinoma cells and to induce neovascularization in tumors. METHODS: The expression and cellular localization of 3 isotypes of NOS was detected by immunohistochemistry in 73 advanced gastric carcinoma tissues along with adjacent normal gastric mucosa; and the relationship to known clinicopathologic parameters, microvascular density, and VEGF expression was analysed. RESULTS: Forty-four (60.3%), 56 (76.7%), and 52 (71.2%) of the 73 cases revealed eNOS, nNOS, and iNOS expression, respectively. Intestinal type adenocarcinomas tended to have higher activity of eNOS (p=0.000) and nNOS (p=0.001) activities than did the diffuse type adenocarcinomas. All isotypes of NOS (eNOS, p=0.001; nNOS, p=0.005; iNOS, p=0.044) tended to be highly expressed when the tumor was differentiated. There was no significant relationship between any of the 3 NOS isotypes and microvascular density, whereas VEGF was closely related with microvascular density (p=0.000). The expression of VEGF was not related to with any of the NOS isotype expressions. CONCLUSIONS: From the above results, we speculated that NO may be implicated in the early stage of the gastric carcinogenesis rather than the growth and progression stages, and NO does not appear to affect angiogenesis or VEGF expression in the advanced gastric carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Anoxia ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Endothelial Cells ; Gastric Mucosa ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Objectives: ：Community managements for elderly are changing due to increased social and economic burdens.The purpose of this study was to find out if there is an effect on depression, anxiety, quality of life, and life management by using a care robot, which is a future technology. Methods: ：For 100 elderly patients who visited the hospital with cognitive impairment or type 2 diabetes, we install a care robot between August 20 and November 14, 2019. The self-report questionnaire was used to measure changes in depression, sleep quality, quality of life, and life management among patients. In this study, 77 patients completed the survey were compared before and after the use of a care robot. Results: ：It was confirmed that the elderly patients using the care robot improved in terms of depression, sleep quality, anxiety, and life management. When the mean values of the scores before and after the care robot intervention were compared, there was a significant decrease (p≤0.001) in depression scale. In the sleep quality category, there was a significant positive effect (p≤0.001). In quality of life category, anxiety/depression showed a significant decrease (p≤0.001). In the life management category, there was a significant improvement (p=0.004) in the cognitive impairment group, and especially in the drug compliance, patients with the cognitive impairment group had a positive effect (p=0.01). Conclusion ：For elderly patients, the use of care robots as a non- pharmacological intervention can help improve depression, anxiety and sleep quality. In particular, in the cognitive impairment group, it is effective in improving life management.

Polyphenon 60 refers to the mixture of catechins present in green tea. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of polyphenon 60 against 4 strains of Streptococcus mutans and 2 strains of Streptococcus sorbrinus, which are the major causative bacteria of dental caries. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of polyphenon 60 for S. mutans and S. sobrinus were determined and the effect of biofilm formation inhibition of that was evaluated. The MBC value of polyphenon 60 against the bacterial strains was 2.5 mg/ml except for one particular strain, S. mutans KCOM 1128 for which the value was 1.25 mg/ml. The results of biofilm formation inhibition assay revealed that polyphenon 60 inhibited biofilm formation more than 90% at a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml. It was apparent that polyphenon exhibited biofilm formation inhibition activity along with bactericidal effect against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Therefore, it is proposed that polyphenon 60 as one of the components of bactericidal agents could be useful in developing oral hygiene products, toothpaste or gargling solution.
Bacteria ; Biofilms ; Catechin ; Dental Caries ; Oral Hygiene ; Streptococcus mutans ; Streptococcus sobrinus ; Streptococcus ; Tea ; Toothpastes

No abstract available.
Aminophylline* ; Humans* ; Neutrophils* ; Pneumonia* ; Sepsis* ; Superoxides*

PURPOSE: Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) has been used for the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma through the flexible bronchoscope. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic role of TBNA for bronchogenic carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TBNA was performed in 34 patients with suspected bron- chogenic carcinoma. We analyzed diagnostic rate of TBNA m 28 patients who were ulti- mately diagnosed as bronchogenic carcinoma. RESULTS: In 12 of 28 patients, TBNA was performed for endobronchial lesions with a type of infiltration, nodular infiltration or compression. The diagnostic rate was 75%. Addition of TBNA to bronchial washing, brush, and biopsy increased the diagnostic rate from 58% to 80%. In 16 patients with peripheral tumor and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, TBNA was performed for mediastinal lymph nodes. The diagnostic rate was 62.5%, and was positively correlated with the size of lymph nodes. There was no significant complications related to TBNA. CONCLUSION: TBNA was a safe and effective procedure for the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma in selected patients.
Biopsy ; Bronchoscopes ; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic* ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Needles*

PURPOSE: Nebulizers are commonly used to treat children with asthma. Some pulmonary infections associated with contaminated nebulizer units have been reported. The aims of this study were to determine whether home nebulizers are repositories of bacteria and to ascertain how asthmatic patients use and maintain their nebulizers at home. METHODS: Fifty-five children with asthma aged 2 to 6 years were enrolled in this study. The parents were asked to bring their child's nebulizer units to regular follow-up visits. Bacterial samples which were obtained from the masks(or mouthpieces), nebulizer chambers and throat swabs were inoculated to blood agar, chocolate agar, and McConkey agar. Cultures were incubated at 5 percent CO2 incubator and observed after 24 hours. Parents completed a questionnaire regarding nebulizer usage and care in their child. RESULTS: Bacterial contamination was found in samples from 27(49.1%) of the 55 masks(or mouthpieces) and 24(43.6%) of the 55 chambers. The predominant microorganisms isolated were Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The questionnaire revealed that 40 parents cleaned the nebulizer units with tap water(and soap) and dried then, as they had received cleaning and drying instructions from a medical staff member. Seven organisms from nebulizer units were indistinguishable from the patient's throat isolates. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that home nebulizers in these asthmatic children were frequently contaminated with aerobic bacteria. Aerosolization might transmit these bacteria to their upper respiratory tracts. The education and training of home caregivers should include the principles of cleaning and maintenance of their child's nebulizer units.
Acinetobacter baumannii ; Agar ; Asthma ; Bacillus subtilis ; Bacteria ; Bacteria, Aerobic ; Cacao ; Candida albicans ; Caregivers ; Child* ; Education ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incubators ; Inhalation ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Medical Staff ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers* ; Parents ; Pharynx ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Respiratory System ; Staphylococcus aureus