The sunscreening effect can be varied according to the vehicles. Therefore the purpose of this study is to compare the effect of vehicles(bases) on sun protection in p-aminobenzoic acid, cinnamate and benzophenone sunscreens with same concentration (2.5%), We included ointment (white petrolatum), cream (hydrophilic), milky lotion and alcohol as the sunscreen vehicles. The test results can be summarized as follows: We could not recognize a sunscreening effect of sunscreen vehicles which did not contain sunscreening agent. In the case of p-aminobenzoic acid, the mean sun protection factor was higher in the sequence of cream, milky lotion, alcohol, ointment, each showing 9, 95+/-3.67, 8.09+/-2.56, 5.14+/-1.45, 4.35+/-1.46 respectively. In the case of cinnamate, the mean sun protection factor was higher in the sequence of cream, ointment, milky lotion, alcohol, each showing 6 46+/-1.89, 5.42+/-1.49, 4.82+/-1.84, 4.05+/-1.45 respectively. 4. In the case of benzophenone, the mean sun protection factor was higher in the sequence of cream, alcohol, ointment, milky lotion, each showing 5 .26+/-1.56, 4.94+/-1.24, 4.56+/-1.71, 4.18+/-1.23 respectively.
4-Aminobenzoic Acid ; Skin* ; Solar System ; Sun Protection Factor ; Sunscreening Agents

We report a case of atrophie blanche which was accompanied by cryoglobulinemia. The patient, 17-year-old female, have had recurrent painful ulcerations and ivory-white atrophic scars with telangiectases surrounded by hyperpigmentation. On histological examination, vessel wall thickening and hyalinization of the intima, partial vascular occlusion, vascular proliferation and mild perivascular chronic inflammatory cells infiltration and hemorrhage in the upper dermis were noted. The patient had been treated with dipyridarnol(Persantin) and acetylsalicylic acid hut the lesions had been waxed and waned.
Adolescent ; Aspirin ; Cicatrix ; Cryoglobulinemia* ; Dermis ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Hyperpigmentation ; Telangiectasis ; Ulcer

BACKGROUND: Disinfection is essential for the prevention of hospital infection. HICLO-S (Soosan environment Co., Yongin, Korea), one of the electrolyzed oxidized water was recently developed as a disinfectant. This is not costly and does not cause any clinical problems and environmental pollution. We evaluated the disinfective activity of HICLO-S against several clinical isolates of bacteria and yeasts. METHODS: 25 strains of bacteria and two strains of yeast were exposed to HICLO-S (30 & 50 ppm HICLO-S) disinfectant for the various periods (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 15, 20 minutes). After the exposure to HICLO-S disinfectant, 0.01 mL of mixture of microorganisms and HICLO-S was inoculated into brain-heart infusion broth or onto Sabouraud dextrose agar and incubated at 35degrees C for 48hours. RESULTS: All strains of bacteria and yeast were killed within 30 seconds after an exposure to 30 ppm of HICLO-S. All of three strains of spore forming Bacillus subtilis were killed within 4 minutes after an exposure to 30ppm of HICLO-S, but all of three strains were killed within 30 seconds in 50 ppm of HICLO-S. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that HICLO-S disinfectant was effective for the disinfection of commonly isolated bacteria and yeast from hospital, but less effective against spore-forming bacteria. It may be recommended that HICLO-S should he used for the effective disinfection of skin, instruments and hospital floors.
Agar ; Bacillus subtilis ; Bacteria ; Cross Infection ; Disinfection ; Environmental Pollution ; Glucose ; Gyeonggi-do ; Skin ; Spores ; Water ; Yeasts

BACKGROUND: The risk of rubella infection is higher among hospital employees than others because of more exposure to rubella viruses. Because rubella infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome, special preventive measures should be taken for female employees in the hospital. METHODS: 309 employees in Soonchunhyang Kumi Hospital, aged from 18 to 45 years old, were included this study. Rubella IgG antibody was detected by the method of MEIA (microparticle enzyme immunoassay). And non-immunized employees were received by Wister RA 27/3 rubella vaccination and rechecked rubella antibody titers at 2 months later after vaccination. RESULTS: Among 309 subjects, 276(89.3%) were positive for rubella IgG antibody. The overall mean titer of rubella antibody was 72 IU/mL (SD: 67 IU/mL). The rubella antibody in titer decreased gradually with aging. The seroconversion rate after vaccination was 100%(28/28). CONCLUSIONS: The authors recommend that the employees susceptible to rubella or all employees in the hospital should be vaccinated for preventing rubella.
Aging ; Cross Infection* ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Rubella Syndrome, Congenital ; Rubella Vaccine ; Rubella virus* ; Rubella* ; Vaccination*

Although a higher incidence of ectopic pregnancy has been reported after in vitro fertilization(IVF) and embryo transfer(ET), five ectopic pregnancies in one patient is very rare. We experienced a case of combined interstitial and intrauterine pregnancy as fifth ectopic pregnancies after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in one patient with history of bilateral salpingectomy due to previous four tubal pregnancies. Repeated transvaginal ultrasound examinations confirmed heterotopic pregnancy. In IVF-ET, bilateral salpingectomy does not remove the risk of interstitial or cornual pregnancy.
Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Pregnancy, Heterotopic ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Salpingectomy* ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Facial Paralysis* ; Fascia Lata* ; Fascia*

We report a case of experimental reproduction of the skin lesion of polymorphous light eruption by potent UVA irradiating instrument, metal halide mercury lamp. A 20-year-old female had complained skin lesion at sun-exposed area since childhood. The skin lesion was reproduced after repetitive exposure of high dose of UVA, and the histologic feaure of the lesion was consistent with polymorphous light eruption. Metal halide mercury lamp used in this patient has hight irradiance and exclusive of UVB and UVC. It can be convenient and precise one in phototest using high doses of UVA.
Female ; Humans ; Reproduction* ; Skin ; Young Adult

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: PUVA photochemotherapy has been accepted as an effective mode of treatment for psoriasis. Many combination therapies have been tried to reduce the possible adverse effects of long-term exposure to UV radiation. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare calcipotriol-PUVA combination therapy(D-PUVA) with conventional PUVA in the treatment of Korean psoriasis patients. METHODS: We treated 38 Korean psoriasis patients with conventional PUVA and 12 with D-PUVA. We compared the total number, duration and total UVA dose of PUVA therapy to reach grade 4 between the two groups. We categorized each patient into clearing, improvement, or failure groups based on the therapeutic efficacy, and measured the PASI score at each of the patients visits. RESULTS: The total cumulative dose of D-PUVA phototherapy was significantly smaller than PUVA phototherapy. CONCLUSION: Combining PUVA with a vitamin D analogue, calcipotriol, in the treatment of psoriasis may lead to lowering the risk of long-term exposure to UV radiation with higher efficacy.
Humans ; Photochemotherapy ; Phototherapy ; Psoriasis* ; PUVA Therapy ; Vitamin D

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of HPV 16 and 18 in adenocarcinoma in situ(ACIS) of the uterine cervix. METHODS: Seventeen cases of primary cervical adenocarcinoma in situ were analyzed for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction. HPV 16 and 18 DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded histologic tissue sections by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: 35.3% and 23.5% of ACIS were positive for HPV 16 and HPV 18 DNA, respectively. From the normal tissue, 11.8% were positive for HPV 16. Human papillomavirus positive patients were younger than negative patients but statistically insignificant(mean age 42.1 vs 51.7 years). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that HPV type 16 and 18 were closely related to etiology of the ACIS of the uterine cervix.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Cervix Uteri* ; DNA ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans* ; Papilloma* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction