BACKGROUND: The risk of rubella infection is higher among hospital employees than others because of more exposure to rubella viruses. Because rubella infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome, special preventive measures should be taken for female employees in the hospital. METHODS: 309 employees in Soonchunhyang Kumi Hospital, aged from 18 to 45 years old, were included this study. Rubella IgG antibody was detected by the method of MEIA (microparticle enzyme immunoassay). And non-immunized employees were received by Wister RA 27/3 rubella vaccination and rechecked rubella antibody titers at 2 months later after vaccination. RESULTS: Among 309 subjects, 276(89.3%) were positive for rubella IgG antibody. The overall mean titer of rubella antibody was 72 IU/mL (SD: 67 IU/mL). The rubella antibody in titer decreased gradually with aging. The seroconversion rate after vaccination was 100%(28/28). CONCLUSIONS: The authors recommend that the employees susceptible to rubella or all employees in the hospital should be vaccinated for preventing rubella.
Aging ; Cross Infection* ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Rubella Syndrome, Congenital ; Rubella Vaccine ; Rubella virus* ; Rubella* ; Vaccination*

BACKGROUND: Disinfection is essential for the prevention of hospital infection. HICLO-S (Soosan environment Co., Yongin, Korea), one of the electrolyzed oxidized water was recently developed as a disinfectant. This is not costly and does not cause any clinical problems and environmental pollution. We evaluated the disinfective activity of HICLO-S against several clinical isolates of bacteria and yeasts. METHODS: 25 strains of bacteria and two strains of yeast were exposed to HICLO-S (30 & 50 ppm HICLO-S) disinfectant for the various periods (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 15, 20 minutes). After the exposure to HICLO-S disinfectant, 0.01 mL of mixture of microorganisms and HICLO-S was inoculated into brain-heart infusion broth or onto Sabouraud dextrose agar and incubated at 35degrees C for 48hours. RESULTS: All strains of bacteria and yeast were killed within 30 seconds after an exposure to 30 ppm of HICLO-S. All of three strains of spore forming Bacillus subtilis were killed within 4 minutes after an exposure to 30ppm of HICLO-S, but all of three strains were killed within 30 seconds in 50 ppm of HICLO-S. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that HICLO-S disinfectant was effective for the disinfection of commonly isolated bacteria and yeast from hospital, but less effective against spore-forming bacteria. It may be recommended that HICLO-S should he used for the effective disinfection of skin, instruments and hospital floors.
Agar ; Bacillus subtilis ; Bacteria ; Cross Infection ; Disinfection ; Environmental Pollution ; Glucose ; Gyeonggi-do ; Skin ; Spores ; Water ; Yeasts

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of HPV 16 and 18 in adenocarcinoma in situ(ACIS) of the uterine cervix. METHODS: Seventeen cases of primary cervical adenocarcinoma in situ were analyzed for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction. HPV 16 and 18 DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded histologic tissue sections by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: 35.3% and 23.5% of ACIS were positive for HPV 16 and HPV 18 DNA, respectively. From the normal tissue, 11.8% were positive for HPV 16. Human papillomavirus positive patients were younger than negative patients but statistically insignificant(mean age 42.1 vs 51.7 years). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that HPV type 16 and 18 were closely related to etiology of the ACIS of the uterine cervix.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Cervix Uteri* ; DNA ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans* ; Papilloma* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

No abstract available.
Facial Paralysis* ; Fascia Lata* ; Fascia*

No abstract available.

Various anatomical defects have been described in the surviving co-twin who had stillborn, macerated monozygotic co-twin with disseminated intravascular coagulation. The suggested mechanism was the transfer of emboli or thromboplastic materials of dead fetus to co-twin through placental vascular anastomoses. Multicystic encephalomalacia is the condition defined anatomically by the presence of multiple cavities in the great part of both cerebral hemispheres. The most common pathogenesis is circulatory disturbance caused by neonatal asphyxia during the perinatal period. We experienced two cases of monozygotic twin with deceased co-twin at 26 weeks, 33 weeks of gestation and confirmed the diffuse multicystic encephalomalacia by cranial ultrasonography and MRI in a surviving co-twin. Only one patient has been followed who showed spastic cerebral palsy and severe mental retardation. We report two cases of multicystic encephalomalacia in a surviring co-twin with a intrauterine fetal death and its related literatures.
Asphyxia ; Cerebral Palsy ; Cerebrum ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; Encephalomalacia* ; Fetal Death* ; Fetus ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Twins, Monozygotic ; Ultrasonography

Periductal mastitis is an inflammatory disease of uncertain etiology affecting the major breast ducts and has been given a variety of names by different authors. The treatment of this condition varies according to the clinical manifestations and the state of recurrence. Thirty-two cases of periductal mastitis during the period of 5 years from March 1991 to February 1996 were reviewed to investigate the clinical characteristics and to assess the results of different surgical procedures. The mean age of the patients was 41.2 years with a range of 26~64 years. The clinical manifestations included mastalgia (93.8%), abscess (43.8%), palpable mass (37.5%), nipple retraction (34.1%), and nipple discharge (21.9%). Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were isolated in nine of 16 cultures. Acute inflammatory indurations in 6 patients were treated with antibiotics(cephalosporine combined with metronidazole) alone, and abscesses in 14 were treated by incision and drainage plus antibiotics. Twelve patients with a discrete mass had primary excision of the mass and diseased major ducts under antibiotics cover. Recurrence rates after initial treatment for inflammatory indurations, abscesses, and discrete masses were 66.7%, 50%, and 16.7%, respectively, and the median recurrence rate was 31.3%. Thirteen patients with recurrent diseases were treated by excision of the entire major duct system following appropriate preoperative management including, antibiotics and/or incision and drainage; this resulted in satisfactory healing in all without recurrences. In conclusion, initial treatment for patients with inflammatory indurations or abscesses should be more conservative even though nearly half of such patients eventually may require further surgery. Also, there were several recurrences even after excision of the diseased major duct system. To avoid these recurrences, we suggest that a discrete inflammatory mass that does not respond to antibiotic therapy and any recurrent diseases be treated by excision of the entire major duct system rather than by excision of only the diseased ducts.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria, Anaerobic ; Breast ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Mastitis* ; Mastodynia ; Nipples ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND: Sanitizers and disinfectants are essential for hygienic control to prevent food poisoning. We evaluated the biocidal activity of a chlorine-based sanitizer/disinfectant, Foodsafe (Neochemical, Paju, Korea), against bacteria, yeasts, and mycobacteria. METHODS: Clinical isolates and reference ATCC strains were exposed to the sanitizer/disinfectant solution (HOCl 100 ppm) prepared with Safefood tablets for various periods (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 30, and 60 min). After the exposure the mixture of microorganisms and Safefood solution was inoculated into tryptic soy broth and onto tryptic soy agar or Sabouraud dextrose agar and cultured at 35oC. RESULTS: All strains of bacteria, yeasts, mycobacteria, and vegetative form of Bacillus subtilis were killed within 2 min of an exposure to Foodsafe (100 ppm of HOCl) under both clean and dirty conditions. But, the spore form of B. subtilis was not killed even after 60 min. CONCLUSION: It may be recommended that Foodsafe can be used as an effective sanitizer/disinfectant for food hygienic control and an intermediate-level disinfectant for hospital infection control.
Agar ; Bacillus subtilis ; Bacteria ; Caseins ; Chlorine ; Cross Infection ; Disinfectants ; Foodborne Diseases ; Glucose ; Protein Hydrolysates ; Sanitation ; Spores ; Tablets ; Yeasts

BACKGROUND: In Korea, there was resurgence of rubella among adolescents in 1995-6. The risk of rubella infection is higher in hospital employees than that in others because of higher chances to exposure to rubella viruses. As rubella infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome, special preventive measures should be taken for female employees under reproductive age in the hospital. METHODS: The subjects were 440 employees(male 100, female 340) aged from 18 to 45 years in Soonchunhyang university hospital. Rubella IgG antibody was assayed by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA). RESULTS: Among 440 subjects, the positive rate for rubella IgG antibody was 91.4% (402/440) that was 95% (95/100) in male and 90% (307/340) in female. The overall titer of the antibody was 105+/- 113IU/mL (mean+/-SD). The titer of rubella antibody was 144+/-135 IU/mL in male and 94+/-103 IU/mL in female with statistical significance (P<0.05). The titer was 152+/-142 IU/mL in doctor and 90+/- 99 IU/mL in female employee with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Because 8.6% of hospital employees was susceptible to rubella, we recommended that the hospital employee should be checked for rubella antibody and be vaccinated when they are seronegative.
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunoglobulin G ; Korea ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Rubella Syndrome, Congenital ; Rubella virus* ; Rubella*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis*