No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The porcelain fused to gold has been widely used as a restoration both with the natural esthetics of the porcelain and durability and marginal fit of metal casting. However, recently, due to the continuous rise in the price of gold, an interest towards materials to replace gold alloy is getting higher. This study compared the bond strength of porcelain to millingable palladium-silver (Pd-Ag) alloy, with that of 3 conventionally used metal-ceramic alloys. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four types of metal-ceramic alloys, castable nonprecious nickel-chrome alloy, castable precious metal alloys containing 83% and 32% of gold, and millingable Pd-Ag alloy were used to make metal specimens (n=40). And porcelain was applied on the center area of metal specimen. Three-point bending test was performed with universal testing machine. The bond strength data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe's tests (alpha=.05). RESULTS: The 3-point bending test showed the strongest (40.42 +/- 5.72 MPa) metal-ceramic bond in the nonprecious Ni-Cr alloy, followed by millingable Pd-Ag alloy (37.71 +/- 2.46 MPa), precious metal alloy containing 83% of gold (35.89 +/- 1.93 MPa), and precious metal alloy containing 32% of gold (34.59 +/- 2.63 MPa). Nonprecious Ni-Cr alloy and precious metal alloy containing 32% of gold showed significant difference (P<.05). CONCLUSION: The type of metal-ceramic alloys affects the bond strength of porcelain. Every metal-ceramic alloy used in this study showed clinically applicable bond strength with porcelain (25 MPa).
Alloys* ; Dental Porcelain* ; Esthetics ; Metal Ceramic Alloys

PURPOSE: To analyse complications and to review usefulness of large needle(18G) in percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 46 patients underwent PTBD in 52 occassions using large needle. 44 of 46 patients had either definite or suspicious malignant biliary obstruction, and most patients were poor in general dondition. Complications were classified as acute type if developed within 30 days and as delayed type if developed after 30 days. Acute type was subdivided into severe and mild forms. RESULTS: Severe forms of complications were death(5.8%), septicemia(3.8%), and bile peritonitis(1.9%). There were not different from the rate of complication in PTBD using fine needle but the procedure was much more simple. CONCLUSION: We PTBD using large neddie is a simple and safe procedure for prompt bile decompression.
Bile ; Decompression ; Drainage* ; Humans ; Needles*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the CT features of the cystic masses in the neck and to review differential diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the CT findings of 22 histopathologically proved, cystic neck masses in regard to the location in fascial plane and relationship with adjacent organ. RESULTS: Of 22 cases, ten congenital cysts two ranulas, seven inflammatory lesions, and three solid tumors were includded. Ten congenital cystic masses were located in typical locations as branchial cleft cyst(5) in mandibular angle, thyroglossal duct cyst(3) in visceral space embeded within the strap muscles, cystic hygroma(1) and cavernous hemangioma(1) in posterior cervical space with insinuating appearance. Two cases of ranula included one simple ranula localized in sublingual space and a plunging ranula extending to adjacent submandibular space. Seven cases of inflammatory lesions were characterized by multispatial locations and good contrast-enhancement of walls and adjacent tissue. Solid masses of low density mimicking cyst were two pleomorphic adenomas of submandibular gland and one neurilemmoma. CONCLUSION: It is considered that thorough analysis of the CT findings with attention to typical location, CT appearance, and the relationship with the adjacent structures usually leads to the correct diagnosis.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Branchial Region ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Muscles ; Neck* ; Neurilemmoma ; Ranula ; Retrospective Studies ; Submandibular Gland

No abstract available.
Aminophylline* ; Humans* ; Neutrophils* ; Pneumonia* ; Sepsis* ; Superoxides*

No abstract available.
Cyclophosphamide* ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial* ; Prednisolone*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Mycoplasma*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Immunity, Cellular* ; Lymphocytes* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

BACKGROUND: Obesity in children emerged as a serious problem, and an increase in exercise and a decrease in sedentary activity are important to preventing obesity in children. This study aimed to evaluate the difference in physical activity between the overweight and control groups and whether the activity difference is related to the program provided. METHODS: This study included one-hundred fifty five children who participated in the Fun and Run Health Champ from June 2013 to October 2015. The Health Camp program consisted of lectures in the morning and exercise in the afternoon in 2013 and 2014 (program 1). The morning program in 2015 was changed to Exercise (program 2). The participants were categorized according to their BMI z-score into either the overweight (BMI z-score ≥1) group or the control group (BMI z-score <1). Physical activity was measured with a pedometer. RESULTS: The overweight group had 83 children (53.6%) and the control group had 72 (46.4%). The mean height z-score, weight z-score, and BMI z-score were higher in the overweight group than in the control group. The number of steps per hour in the exercise program (1,561) was greater than for the lecture program (456) (P<0.0001). After the change from lecture to exercise, the number of steps per hour increased significantly (P<0.0001). A greater change in physical activity according to the provided program was observed in the overweight group (overweight-1,033, control-686, P<0.007). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a designed program considering physical activity could lead to a greater change in physical activity in overweight children. It is necessary to develop the program so that it is fun for children.
Child ; Humans ; Lectures ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Overweight

PURPOSE: A vascular clipping system (VCS) has been introduced for clinical use. This study was developed to compare the VCS with prolene for anastomosis of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in hemodialysis access surgery. METHODS: 127 consecutive patients requring autologous AVF for hemodialysis and divided into two treatment groups (VCS:Prolene) by their anastomosis methods. Anastomoses were constructed with the VCS in 44 patients and with hand-swen prolene suturing in 83 patients. Among them 35 clipped and 71 sutured were able to follow up survery and the patency rates were analysed by log-rank test. RESULTS: In the VCS cases, end to side AV anastomosis was applied and mean diameter of artery and vein was 1.7 mm, and vein was able to extend to 2.9 mm averagely. The average size of anastomosis length was 7.8 mm. Operation time was 51 (40~120) minutes and the average anastomosis time was 6.5 (3~15) minutes. The average use of clip was 12. In the prolene cases, 28 cases of end to side anastomosis were measured for diameter and the average diameter was 1.7 mm in artery and 1.9 mm in vein, and the average extension of vein was 2.8 mm. Operation time was 76.5 (40~160) minutes and the average anastomosis time was 10~15 minutes. In 55 cases of side to side anastomosis, the average size of anastomosis length was 19.2 mm. There was no other complication after operation except for each one case of received hematoma remove. In the survey cases (VCS : prolene - 35 :71), early failures were 3 :8 cases (8.6 :11.3%), late failures 5 :16 cases (14.3 :22.5%) as the result of 11.3 :12.0 months in average observation. The causes were 3 :5 cases in functional failure, 5 :17 cases in thrombosis and stricture, the other causes were 2 cases in prolene. The cumulative secondary patency rate was 88.3 :65.9% (31 :47 cases). There was higher patency in VCS, but there was no significant difference in the primary and second patency rates in log-rank analysis. CONCLUSION: VCS clip could be able to shorten the clamping time of blood vessel by reducing anastomosis time. Although there was no statistically significant difference between the VCS clips and prolene sutures, the AVF formation with VCS reduced failure rate and improved patency rate.
Arteries ; Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Blood Vessels ; Constriction ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Polypropylenes ; Renal Dialysis* ; Sutures ; Thrombosis ; Veins