Adenocarcinoma metastatic to the skin usually originates in the lung, breast, large intestine or ovary. Cutaneous metastatic tumors from rectum or colon tend to appear in the abdominal or perineal area, but rarely appear in the perianal and genital skin. A 53-year-old female presented multiple nodules in and near the surgical scars of inguinal, pubie, vulvar, perianal areas and normal skin of left thigh two months after surgical removal of rectal adenocarcinoma. Biopsy specimens from the nodules of the perianal area and left thigh showed adenocarcinoma of well differentiated atruetures like the primary rectal carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Biopsy ; Breast ; Cicatrix ; Colon ; Female ; Humans ; Intestine, Large ; Lung ; Middle Aged ; Ovary ; Rectum ; Skin ; Thigh

PURPOSE: To compare the functional and radiological outcomes of volar plating to that of external fixation for treating unstable osteoporotic distal radius fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2006 to March 2008, 36 patients with osteoporosis over 60-year old were selected for this study. They were divided into two groups; group I (open reduction and internal fixation with volar fixed angle plate) and group II (closed reduction and external fixation). Clinical outcomes and radiologic outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between group I and group II in range of motion and DASH score, BMD score. However, the grip strength and PRWE score were found to be higher in group II (p<0.05). In radiologic evaluation, group I showed higher radial inclination, volar tilting angle (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Internal fixation using Volar-fixed Angle Plate seems to give more stable fixation for distal articular fragments compared to external fixation. it could allow early postoperative exercise and could result in low incidence of postoperative complication such as pin track infections and joint stiffness. Therefore, the internal fixation could be more desirable treatment method to manage unstable distal radius fracture.
Hand Strength ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Osteoporosis ; Postoperative Complications ; Radius ; Radius Fractures ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Track and Field

The aim of this study was to validate a new paper and pencil test battery to diagnose minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in Korea. A new paper and pencil test battery was composed of number connection test-A (NCT-A), number connection test-B (NCT-B), digit span test (DST), and symbol digit modality test (SDMT). The norm of the new test was based on 315 healthy individuals between the ages of 20 and 70 years old. Another 63 healthy subjects (n = 31) and cirrhosis patients (n = 32) were included as a validation cohort. All participants completed the new paper and pencil test, a critical flicker frequency (CFF) test and computerized cognitive function test (visual continuous performance test [CPT]). The scores on the NCT-A and NCT-B increased but those of DST and SDMT decreased according to age. Twelve of the cirrhotic patients (37.5%) were diagnosed with MHE based on the new paper and pencil test battery. The total score of the paper and pencil test battery showed good positive correlation with the CFF (r = 0.551, P < 0.001) and computerized cognitive function test. Also, this score was lower in patients with MHE compared to those without MHE (P < 0.001). Scores on the CFF (32.0 vs. 28.7 Hz, P = 0.028) and the computer base cognitive test decreased significantly in patients with MHE compared to those without MHE. Test-retest reliability was comparable. In conclusion, the new paper and pencil test battery including NCT-A, NCT-B, DST, and SDMT showed good correlation with neuropsychological tests. This new paper and pencil test battery could help to discriminate patients with impaired cognitive function in cirrhosis (registered at Clinical Research Information Service [CRIS], https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris, KCT0000955).
Cognition ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnosis* ; Fibrosis ; Healthy Volunteers ; Hepatic Encephalopathy* ; Humans ; Information Services ; Korea* ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Reproducibility of Results