No abstract available.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MR spectrum and MR cholangiographic imaging findings of clonorchiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 26 patients with confirmed clonorchiasis by either stool tests (n=24) or surgery (n=2). MR imaging was performed on a 1.5 T system (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI) with a torso coil. Axial T1-and T2-weighted, gadolinium-enhanced dynamic images and MR cholangiography were obtained. Image analyses were used to identify abnormalities of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and the presence of hepatobiliary malignancy. All MR examinations were reviewed by the consensus of two abdominal radiologists. RESULT: Intrahepatic bile duct abnormalities were seen in 23 (89%) of the 26 patients. The most common finding was mild dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct which was found in 21 (81%). "Too many intrahepatic ducts" were found in 16 (62%), wall enhancement and thickening in 21 (81%) and filling defects and ductal stricture in the intrahepatic bile duct in 6 (24%) and 3 (12%) patients, respectively. Extrahepatic ductal dilation was found in 5 (19%) and 9 (35%) revealed hepatobiliary malignancy. CONCLUSION: MR imaging revealed various findings of clonorchiasis, including dilatation, wall enhancement, stricture of the intrahepatic ducts and filling defect within the intrahepatic bile duct.
Adult ; Aged ; Cholangiography/methods ; Clonorchiasis/*diagnosis/radiography ; Female ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged

There are a number of published reports aimed at clarifying the effect of hormonal contracept -ives upon the quantity and quality of breast milk during postpartum and lactation periods. As to the volume of milk produced by breast feeding mothers, many authors seem to have agreed on a decrease as an established pattern in the periods following regular administration of oral contraceptives containing estrogen in varying dosage. The quality of milk following administration of hormonal contraceptives, however, remsins a controversial issue. Korea's experience in oral contraceptive is rather a brief one, but use of Eugynon has been widespread and frequent since this hormonal contraceptive was introduced into the national program in 1967. The authors have reviewed the potential significance of data concerning regular use of an oral contraceptive as affecting lactation, and have sought to clarify the interrelationship between the administration of Eugynon and quantity and quality of breast milk from mothers contracepting. with Eugynon in different periods following confinement. A total of 85 women, who were at different periods following deliveries, have been divided into, two groups, one comprising 28 women regularly taking oral pills and the other (57 women) not resorting to hormonal contraceptives if they were contracepting at all. 1. Milk Volume. In view of the possible influence of suckling on the amount of milk produced, efforts were made in this study to standardize the technique by extracting breastmilk by applying manual pressures on one side of the maw-nae, While the nipple on the other side was being sucked by the mother's own baby. The effetct of an exogenic ovarian hormone on the quantity as well as quality of breastmilk is generally understood to be inapparent until the drug is administered to women whose milk secreting function has been normalized. ") In the present study, it was observed that the decrease in the ammount of milk obtained from mothers in the periods following the 4th cycle of oral contraceptives or thereafter has turned out to be statistically insignificant. This result conforms i.u the findings by Tubari and others. It is assumed that it takes at lest 2 to 3 cycles of use before mammary glands are functionally adjusted to the use of exogenic hormonal contraceptives. 2. Specific Gravity and Composition of Milk There was no noticeable change in the protein and chloride content following continuous administration of ore.l contraceptives, while meaningful changes were observed in fat (increase) and calcium (decrease up to the 5th cycle use) contents. Also, there was a rather significant decrease in the specific gravity in the period following administration of the first cycle of the oral contraceptive. The findings from the present study partially conforms the results published by Ramadan and others, who reported that little change was noticed in the contents of total solids. ash, chlorides and lactose in the breast milk of women who had taken 4 cycles of ovosiston, although in our study lactose was not measured. Ramaden, however, reported that fat content did increase in the same milk, as in our study. A definitive conclusion, however, could not be made unless measures are taken to rule out the physiological changes of the maternal body affecting the composition of milks.
Breast Feeding ; Calcium ; Chlorides ; Contraceptive Agents ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Estrogens ; Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination ; Female ; Health Resorts ; Humans ; Lactation* ; Lactose ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Milk ; Milk, Human ; Mothers ; Nipples ; Postpartum Period ; Specific Gravity

Little is known about the natural history and management of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) which developed as a complication of laser photocoagulation for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). We experienced two patients with CNV which developed after laser treatment for CSC. Submacular membranectomy was performed on both cases after the confirmation of subretinal CNV with optical coherence tomography. One patient received photodynamic therapy for recurrent CNV. The vision of both patients has been improved over 6 months of follow up. These cases suggest that active intervention, including submacular surgery, improves the visual prognosis of this condition.
Adult ; Choroid Diseases/*surgery ; Choroidal Neovascularization/etiology/*surgery ; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological ; Female ; Human ; Interferometry ; Laser Coagulation/*adverse effects ; Light ; Male ; Retinal Diseases/*surgery ; Tomography ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA) were performed in three patients with atherosclerotic stenosis of subclavian arteries. The arteries were successfully dilated without complications during the procedure. All patients were asymptomatic during follow-up periods ranging from eight months to fifteen months after PTA.
Angioplasty* ; Arteries ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Subclavian Artery*

We examined the morphological maturation of amacrine cells expressing neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, whose ligand is substance P, in the rat retina, focusing on the period from postnatal day 5 (P5) when the outer plexiform layer is formed, to postnatal day 13 (P13) when the eyes open, with immunohistochemistry using a specific antiserum against NK1 receptor, and we compared maturing NK1 receptor-immunoreactive (NK1 receptor-IR) amacrine cells with adult one. In the adult retina, numerous NK1 receptor-IR amacrine cells were located in the inner part of the inner nuclear layer (INL) adjacent to the inner plexiform layer (IPL), and their processes emerging from the somata branched and stratified at 1, 2, and 5 strata of within the IPL. NK1 receptor-IR amacrine cells were already observed at P5. The cell bodies were located in the inner INL away from the IPL and their processes branched and formed two distinct bands in the IPL. Afterwards, somata of NK1 receptor-IR amacrine cells moved toward the inner part of the INL, and thus, were located in the INL adjacent to the IPL. Their processes formed three distinct bands at P10 and then, at P13, three bands occupied the same strata as those of the adult, which were posed at 1, 2, and 5 strata of the IPL. During the postnatal development, most of NK1 receptor-IR amacrine cells directly extended one or a few primary dendrites toward the IPL and formed the strata. However, some of the labeled cells located at the outermost row had horizontal processes emerging from their primary dendrites, and these horizontal processes branched and formed plexuses in the INL. The NK1 receptor-IR amacrine cells with horizontal processes were frequently observed at P7, rarely at P10, and not at P13 and in the adult. These results indicate that the NK1 receptor-IR amacrine cells of the rat retina morphologically mature by way of migration of their somata within the INL and formation of distinct processes during postnatal development, and suggest that they morphologically and functionally complete the maturation process about the time of P13.
Adult ; Amacrine Cells* ; Animals ; Dendrites ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rats* ; Retina* ; Substance P

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the grading of gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DTI was performed in 24 patients with histologically confirmed brain gliomas. After placing the regions of interest (ROI) in the tumor center, tumor border, white matter adjacent to tumor, and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of the contralateral hemisphere, the FA values were measured. The size of the ROI was found to be 61 ml. In addition, the FA ratios were calculated for the ROIs in relation to the NAWM of the contralateral hemisphere. RESULTS: The mean FA ratios in patients with grade II gliomas were 0.348 for the tumor center, 0.564 for the tumor border, and 0.897 for the white matter adjacent to the tumor. For patients with grade III gliomas, the mean FA values were 0.247, 0.346, 0.782, respectively. Further, for patients with grade IV gliomas, the mean FA values were 0.204, 0.226, 0.336, respectively. The differences in the FA ratios between the grade II and III tumors were significant in the tumor center and tumor border (p = 0.005, p = 0.002, respectively). Moreover, the differences in the FA ratios between the grade III and IV tumors were significant in the tumor border and white matter adjacent to the tumor (p = 0.004, p = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION: DTI is a non-invasive imaging modality that may provide valuable information for the pre-operative grading of gliomas.
Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Glioma ; Humans

Of 14,682 samples of feces examined, 81.7% were positive for intestinal helminths. Trichocephalus trichiurus was observed most frequently, in 73.2%. Eight other species of helminths found were Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, Trichostrongylus orientalis, Clonorchis sinensis, Tapeworm, Hymenolepis nana, Paragoniumus westermani and Enterobius vermicularis, listed in decreasing order. Double infections were found more frequently than single infections, and mixed infection of five or more species of helminths occurred in 0.2% Of 10,320 samples of feces examined, 22.3% were positive for intestinal protozoa, Entamoeba coli was observed most frequently, in 11.1%. Six other species, Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Iodamoeba butschlii, Chilomastix mesnill and lsospora hominis were found, in the order. It was noticed that E. histolytica was found more frequently in trichurial infection than with other helminths. Of 1,050 samples of sputum from the T. B. Clinic, 7.0% were positive for paragonimus eggs. Trichomonas vaginalis were found in 35.8%of 1,146 vaginal swabs examined. Seven cases of Plasmodium vivax infection were found among 140 suspected blood smears.
Incidence

We report a case of an intraparenchymal schwannoma of the left parietal lobe. A 51-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with complaints of intermittent headaches. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance images revealed a 1.3 cm sized intra-axial homogeneous enhancing mass in the left parietal lobe. The lesion was pathologically confirmed to be a schwannoma.
Brain Neoplasms ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Middle Aged ; Neurilemmoma ; Parietal Lobe

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of MR imaging of pathologic fractures of the long bones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 18 patients aged between four and 75 (mean, 25.8) years with histologically confirmed pathologic fractures of the long bones, plain radiographs and MR images were retrospectively analyzed. The former were examined with regard to location and type of fracture, and the presence or absence of underlying disease causing fracture; and the latter in terms of underlying disease, extraosseous mass formation, and soft tissue change. RESULTS: The long bones involved were the femur in nine patients, the humerus in six, and the tibia in three. Underlying diseases were metastatic tumor (n=6), benign bone tumor (n=5), primary malignant bone tumor (n=4), osteomyelitis (n=2), and eosinophilic granuloma (n=1). Plain radiographs showed the fracture site as the metaphysis in ten cases, the diaphysis in five, and the metadiaphysis in one. Fractures were either transverse (n=10), oblique (n=3), spiral (n=1), vertical (n=1), or telescopic (n=1). In two cases, the fracture line was not visible. MR images revealed underlying diseases in all cases. A solid mass was present in all cases of malignant bone tumor, and an extraosseous mass in five such cases. Two benign bone tumors took the form of a cystic mass, two were a cystic mass containing an enhanced solid portion, and one was a solid mass. A soft tissue hematoma was seen in three cases. CONCLUSION: Where pathologic fracture of a long bone had occurred, or a pathologic fracture in which the findings of plain radiography were equivocal, MR imaging was useful for evaluating the pattern and extent of an underlying lesion.
Diaphyses ; Eosinophilic Granuloma ; Femur ; Fractures, Spontaneous* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Humerus ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Osteomyelitis ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibia