Encephalocele is a relatively rare congenital anomaly which is classified into occipital, parietal, anterior syncipital and anterior basal type regarding to the protrusion site through the bony defect of the skull. Anterior basal type of encephalocele is important in view of it's pathogenesis as well as diagnostic difficulty because of invisibility on external appearance. We have experienced a case which could be best fit to anterior basal encephalocele. This type of encephalocele is extremely rare. This report deals with a case of deadborn of 34 weeks of gestation with body weight of 2400gm and head circumference of 32 cm. There was no evidence of protrusion of brain on external examination. On autopsy the normal brain structure was compressed by abnormal mass of brain with normal consistency which was found in the petrous portion of the parietal area and covered partly by the dura. In this case, there were another associated anomalies, such as atrophy of the left optic nerve, hemihypoplasia of the left mandible, patent ductus arteriosus, bilateral hydrocele, and Meckel's diverticulum.

No abstract available.
Thanatophoric Dysplasia*

No abstract available.
Humans*

No abstract available.
Craniopharyngioma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

Fat embolism is the presence of fat globules in the peripheral circulation and in the lung, brain, kidney, heart, and so on -not in the fine emulsion of a metabolic lipemia but in globules large enough to obstruct arterioles and capillaries. The fat droplets can derive from fractures of long bone due to disruption of the fatty marrow, from extensive bruising of the soft tissue, and from fat tissue in burns. Fat embolism has also been reported in patients suffering from various diseases including alcoholism, fatty liver, diabetes mellitus and pancreatitis. We investigated 19 autopsies with fatty liver of varying degrees to establish a correlation between fatty change of liver and pulmonary fat embolism. Among 19 cases, 3 cases with moderate to severe fatty change of liver, and 1 case with submassive hepatic necrosis and mild fatty change showed Grade II pulmonary fat embolism. In histologic section with Sudan III stain, the arteries and capillaries of lung were occupied and distended by round, oval, or staghorn fat globules. The alveoli may contain edema fluid and blood. Although the pulmonary fat embolism occuring in the presented cases didn't cause death on its own, one should be aware that a life-threatening mobilization of fat into the lungs and even into the systemic circulation is possible in fatty liver and submassive hepatic necrosis.
Alcoholism ; Arteries ; Arterioles ; Autopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Brain ; Burns ; Capillaries ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Edema ; Embolism, Fat* ; Fatty Liver* ; Heart ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Necrosis ; Pancreatitis ; Sudan

Fat embolism is the presence of fat globules in the peripheral circulation and in the lung, brain, kidney, heart, and so on -not in the fine emulsion of a metabolic lipemia but in globules large enough to obstruct arterioles and capillaries. The fat droplets can derive from fractures of long bone due to disruption of the fatty marrow, from extensive bruising of the soft tissue, and from fat tissue in burns. Fat embolism has also been reported in patients suffering from various diseases including alcoholism, fatty liver, diabetes mellitus and pancreatitis. We investigated 19 autopsies with fatty liver of varying degrees to establish a correlation between fatty change of liver and pulmonary fat embolism. Among 19 cases, 3 cases with moderate to severe fatty change of liver, and 1 case with submassive hepatic necrosis and mild fatty change showed Grade II pulmonary fat embolism. In histologic section with Sudan III stain, the arteries and capillaries of lung were occupied and distended by round, oval, or staghorn fat globules. The alveoli may contain edema fluid and blood. Although the pulmonary fat embolism occuring in the presented cases didn't cause death on its own, one should be aware that a life-threatening mobilization of fat into the lungs and even into the systemic circulation is possible in fatty liver and submassive hepatic necrosis.
Alcoholism ; Arteries ; Arterioles ; Autopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Brain ; Burns ; Capillaries ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Edema ; Embolism, Fat* ; Fatty Liver* ; Heart ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Necrosis ; Pancreatitis ; Sudan

Little is known about the natural history and management of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) which developed as a complication of laser photocoagulation for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). We experienced two patients with CNV which developed after laser treatment for CSC. Submacular membranectomy was performed on both cases after the confirmation of subretinal CNV with optical coherence tomography. One patient received photodynamic therapy for recurrent CNV. The vision of both patients has been improved over 6 months of follow up. These cases suggest that active intervention, including submacular surgery, improves the visual prognosis of this condition.
Adult ; Choroid Diseases/*surgery ; Choroidal Neovascularization/etiology/*surgery ; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological ; Female ; Human ; Interferometry ; Laser Coagulation/*adverse effects ; Light ; Male ; Retinal Diseases/*surgery ; Tomography ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity

Genes of cancer-associated testis antigens (CTAs) are expressed in various cancer tissues. In order to use CTAs as cancer diagnosis marker, we developed molecular method for detection of CTAs transcripts in tissue. In order to know the applicability of DNA of cancer-associated testis antigens (CTAs) on cancer diagnosis, molecular diagnostic methods for detection of gene expression of melanoma antigen gene (MAGE), GAGE, and B melanoma antigen (BAGE) was studied. After comparing DNA sequences of CTAs, S1/AS1 and S2/AS2, GAGE-S/ GAGE-AS, and BAGE-S/BAGE-AS primers were designed for the detection of MAGEs, GAGEs and BAGEs, respectively. The gene expression of CTAs in cancer cell lines, head and neck cancer tissues, ovary cancer tissue, and peritoneal cells of gastric cancer patients were investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using these primers. The MAGEs, GAGEs and BAGE genes were expressed in 8/8 (100%), 5/8 (62.5%) and 1/8 (12.5%) of head and neck cancer tissues, respectively. The gene expression of MAGEs were also detected in 8/10 (80%) of ovary cancer tissues and in 9/10 (90%) of peritoneal cells of gastric cancer patients in RT-PCR test using S1/AS1 primers. The results of this study suggest that molecular diagnosis method using CTAs genes, especially RT-PCR using S1/AS1 primer combination, is useful for diagnosis of cancer and it will be used for the prediction of cancer progression or regression and metastasis in future.
Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Diagnosis* ; DNA ; Gene Expression ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Melanoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Pathology, Molecular ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Testis*

Recurrent deformity following hallux valgus surgery can be technically challenging to treat. In cases of revision surgery, a surgical technique with greater corrective power is often chosen compared to the primary surgery. Therefore, minimally invasive surgery is not commonly performed. On the other hand, minimally invasive surgery minimizes soft tissue damage and allows for greater correction of deformity compared to traditional open approaches. This paper reports four cases of recurrent hallux valgus treated with a minimally invasive distal transverse metatarsal osteotomy – Akin osteotomy (MITA), resulting in significant improvements in the clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Diagnosis of acute appendicitis is often difficult in pregnant patients because the symptoms may be attributed to the pregnancy. Difficulty in diagnosis and delay in treatment may result in complication or death to the fetus or the mother. Forty pregnant women with acute appendicitis has been treated at Masan Samsung Hospital during the last 15-years. This report is a retrospective clinical analysis of 40 patients who underwent appendectomy. The results are as follows; The incidence of appendicitis during pregnancy was 1 in 655 pregnancies and the gestational stage at onset included 19 patients(47%) in the 1 trimester, 10 patients(25%) in the second trimester, and 11 patients(27%) in the third trimester. The majority of patients were 3rd decades (82%) and there was no significant difference between primiparity and multiparity in incidence of appendicitis. Twenty three(57%) patients had symptoms less than 12 hours and twenty nine (72%) patients were operated on within 12 hours following hospitalization. Vague right abdominal pain was the most predominant symptom and 19 patients had a clinical leukocytosis. Seven of the 40 patients were misdiagnosed as other than appendicitis and two patients had a exploratory laparotomy performed. Spinal anesthesia was preferably used for the first trimester and general anesthesia for the second and third trimester patients. One fetal loss occurred and no maternal deaths.
Abdominal Pain ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Appendectomy ; Appendicitis* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fetus ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparotomy ; Leukocytosis ; Maternal Death ; Mothers ; Parity ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Retrospective Studies