Purpose: Recent development in perioperative treatment of resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have changed the landscape of early lung cancer management. The ADAURA trial has demonstrated the efficacy of adjuvant osimertinib treatment in resectable NSCLC patients; however, studies are required to show which subgroup of patients are at a high risk of relapse and require adjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. This study evaluated risk factors for postoperative relapse among patients who underwent complete resection. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the Korean Association for Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R), a database created using a retrospective sampling survey by the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) and the Lung Cancer Registration Committee. Results: A total of 3,176 patients who underwent curative resection was evaluated. The mean observation time was approximately 35.4 months. Among stage I to IIIA NSCLC patients, the EGFR-mutant subgroup included 867 patients, and 75.2%, 11.2%, and 11.8% were classified as stage I, stage II, and stage III, respectively. Within the EGFR-mutant subgroup, 44 (5.1%) and 121 (14.0%) patients showed early and late recurrence, respectively. Multivariate analysis on association with postoperative relapse among the EGFR-mutant subgroup showed that age, pathologic N and TNM stages, pleural invasion status, and surgery type were independent significant factors. Conclusion Among the population that underwent complete resection for early NSCLC with EGFR mutation, patients with advanced stage, pleural invasion, or limited resection are more likely to show postoperative relapse.

Purpose: Recent development in perioperative treatment of resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have changed the landscape of early lung cancer management. The ADAURA trial has demonstrated the efficacy of adjuvant osimertinib treatment in resectable NSCLC patients; however, studies are required to show which subgroup of patients are at a high risk of relapse and require adjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. This study evaluated risk factors for postoperative relapse among patients who underwent complete resection. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the Korean Association for Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R), a database created using a retrospective sampling survey by the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) and the Lung Cancer Registration Committee. Results: A total of 3,176 patients who underwent curative resection was evaluated. The mean observation time was approximately 35.4 months. Among stage I to IIIA NSCLC patients, the EGFR-mutant subgroup included 867 patients, and 75.2%, 11.2%, and 11.8% were classified as stage I, stage II, and stage III, respectively. Within the EGFR-mutant subgroup, 44 (5.1%) and 121 (14.0%) patients showed early and late recurrence, respectively. Multivariate analysis on association with postoperative relapse among the EGFR-mutant subgroup showed that age, pathologic N and TNM stages, pleural invasion status, and surgery type were independent significant factors. Conclusion Among the population that underwent complete resection for early NSCLC with EGFR mutation, patients with advanced stage, pleural invasion, or limited resection are more likely to show postoperative relapse.

Purpose: Recent development in perioperative treatment of resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have changed the landscape of early lung cancer management. The ADAURA trial has demonstrated the efficacy of adjuvant osimertinib treatment in resectable NSCLC patients; however, studies are required to show which subgroup of patients are at a high risk of relapse and require adjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. This study evaluated risk factors for postoperative relapse among patients who underwent complete resection. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the Korean Association for Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R), a database created using a retrospective sampling survey by the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) and the Lung Cancer Registration Committee. Results: A total of 3,176 patients who underwent curative resection was evaluated. The mean observation time was approximately 35.4 months. Among stage I to IIIA NSCLC patients, the EGFR-mutant subgroup included 867 patients, and 75.2%, 11.2%, and 11.8% were classified as stage I, stage II, and stage III, respectively. Within the EGFR-mutant subgroup, 44 (5.1%) and 121 (14.0%) patients showed early and late recurrence, respectively. Multivariate analysis on association with postoperative relapse among the EGFR-mutant subgroup showed that age, pathologic N and TNM stages, pleural invasion status, and surgery type were independent significant factors. Conclusion Among the population that underwent complete resection for early NSCLC with EGFR mutation, patients with advanced stage, pleural invasion, or limited resection are more likely to show postoperative relapse.

Purpose: Human breast milk (HBM) contains immune components that produced and delivered from the mother along with nutrients necessary for the baby. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small noncoding RNA molecule, that is used as an ideal biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases and are more abundant in HBM. We analyzed and compared the immune components and miRNAs of HBM. Methods: HBM were collected from 20 healthy breastfeeding mothers. We measured the amount of lactoferrin, lysozyme, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) and extracted the miRNAs from each breast milk samples. Next, the top 5 and bottom 5 expressed miRNAs were compared and analyzed based on the amounts of the 3 immune components. Results: The mean levels and ranges of lactoferrin, lysozyme, and IgA were 6.33 (2.24–14.77)×106 ng/mL, 9.90 (1.42–17.59)×107 pg/mL, and 6.64 (0.48–20.01)×105 ng/mL, respectively. The miRNAs concentration per 1 mL of skim milk was 40.54 (14.95–110.01) ng/μL. Comparing the bottom 5 and top 5 groups of each immune component, 19 miRNAs were significantly upregulated (6, 9, and 4 targeting lactoferrin, lysozyme, and IgA, respectively) and 21 were significantly downregulated (4, 9, and 8 targeting lactoferrin, lysozyme, and IgA, respectively). There were no miRNAs that were expressed significantly higher or lower in common to all 3 components.However, 2 and 3 miRNAs were commonly overexpressed and underexpressed, in the top 5 groups of lysozyme and IgA concentrations. Conclusion We identified the immune components and miRNAs in breast milk and found that each individual has different ingredients.

Accurate occupation classification is essential in various fields, including policy development and epidemiological studies. This study aims to develop an occupation classification model based on DistilKoBERT.

Purpose: Human breast milk (HBM) contains immune components that produced and delivered from the mother along with nutrients necessary for the baby. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small noncoding RNA molecule, that is used as an ideal biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases and are more abundant in HBM. We analyzed and compared the immune components and miRNAs of HBM. Methods: HBM were collected from 20 healthy breastfeeding mothers. We measured the amount of lactoferrin, lysozyme, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) and extracted the miRNAs from each breast milk samples. Next, the top 5 and bottom 5 expressed miRNAs were compared and analyzed based on the amounts of the 3 immune components. Results: The mean levels and ranges of lactoferrin, lysozyme, and IgA were 6.33 (2.24–14.77)×106 ng/mL, 9.90 (1.42–17.59)×107 pg/mL, and 6.64 (0.48–20.01)×105 ng/mL, respectively. The miRNAs concentration per 1 mL of skim milk was 40.54 (14.95–110.01) ng/μL. Comparing the bottom 5 and top 5 groups of each immune component, 19 miRNAs were significantly upregulated (6, 9, and 4 targeting lactoferrin, lysozyme, and IgA, respectively) and 21 were significantly downregulated (4, 9, and 8 targeting lactoferrin, lysozyme, and IgA, respectively). There were no miRNAs that were expressed significantly higher or lower in common to all 3 components.However, 2 and 3 miRNAs were commonly overexpressed and underexpressed, in the top 5 groups of lysozyme and IgA concentrations. Conclusion We identified the immune components and miRNAs in breast milk and found that each individual has different ingredients.

Purpose: Human breast milk (HBM) contains immune components that produced and delivered from the mother along with nutrients necessary for the baby. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small noncoding RNA molecule, that is used as an ideal biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases and are more abundant in HBM. We analyzed and compared the immune components and miRNAs of HBM. Methods: HBM were collected from 20 healthy breastfeeding mothers. We measured the amount of lactoferrin, lysozyme, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) and extracted the miRNAs from each breast milk samples. Next, the top 5 and bottom 5 expressed miRNAs were compared and analyzed based on the amounts of the 3 immune components. Results: The mean levels and ranges of lactoferrin, lysozyme, and IgA were 6.33 (2.24–14.77)×106 ng/mL, 9.90 (1.42–17.59)×107 pg/mL, and 6.64 (0.48–20.01)×105 ng/mL, respectively. The miRNAs concentration per 1 mL of skim milk was 40.54 (14.95–110.01) ng/μL. Comparing the bottom 5 and top 5 groups of each immune component, 19 miRNAs were significantly upregulated (6, 9, and 4 targeting lactoferrin, lysozyme, and IgA, respectively) and 21 were significantly downregulated (4, 9, and 8 targeting lactoferrin, lysozyme, and IgA, respectively). There were no miRNAs that were expressed significantly higher or lower in common to all 3 components.However, 2 and 3 miRNAs were commonly overexpressed and underexpressed, in the top 5 groups of lysozyme and IgA concentrations. Conclusion We identified the immune components and miRNAs in breast milk and found that each individual has different ingredients.

Background: and Purpose We delineated the association between otolithic dysfunction and blood pressure (BP) variability. Methods: We prospectively recruited 145 consecutive patients (age=71 [59–79] years, median [interquartile range]; 76 females) with orthostatic intolerance between December 2021 and December 2023 at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Each patient underwent evaluations of cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs), 24-h noninvasive ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), and a head-up tilt-table test using the Finometer device. As measures of BP variability, the standard deviations (SDs) of the systolic BP (SBP SD) and the diastolic BP were calculated based on serial ABPM recordings. Patients were divided into those with orthostatic hypotension (OH, n=68) and those with a normal head-up tilt-table test despite orthostatic intolerance (NOI, n=77) groups. Results: A multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that OH was associated with bilateral oVEMP abnormalities (p=0.021), SBP SD (p=0.012), and female sex (p=0.004). SBP SD was higher in patients with OH than in those with NOI (p<0.001), and was not correlated with n1–p1 amplitude (p=0.491) or normalized p13–n23 amplitude (p=0.193) in patients with OH.The sensitivity and specificity for differentiating OH from NOI were 72.1% and 67.5%, respectively, at a cutoff value of 12.7 mm Hg for SBP SD, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.73. Conclusions Bilaterally deficient oVEMP responses may be associated with OH regardless of 24-h BP variability, reflecting the integrity of the otolith-autonomic reflex during orthostasis. Alternatively, 24-h BP variability is predominantly regulated by the baroreflex, which also participates in securing orthostatic tolerance complementary to the vestibulo-autonomic reflex.

Accurate occupation classification is essential in various fields, including policy development and epidemiological studies. This study aims to develop an occupation classification model based on DistilKoBERT.

Background: and Purpose We delineated the association between otolithic dysfunction and blood pressure (BP) variability. Methods: We prospectively recruited 145 consecutive patients (age=71 [59–79] years, median [interquartile range]; 76 females) with orthostatic intolerance between December 2021 and December 2023 at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Each patient underwent evaluations of cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs), 24-h noninvasive ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), and a head-up tilt-table test using the Finometer device. As measures of BP variability, the standard deviations (SDs) of the systolic BP (SBP SD) and the diastolic BP were calculated based on serial ABPM recordings. Patients were divided into those with orthostatic hypotension (OH, n=68) and those with a normal head-up tilt-table test despite orthostatic intolerance (NOI, n=77) groups. Results: A multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that OH was associated with bilateral oVEMP abnormalities (p=0.021), SBP SD (p=0.012), and female sex (p=0.004). SBP SD was higher in patients with OH than in those with NOI (p<0.001), and was not correlated with n1–p1 amplitude (p=0.491) or normalized p13–n23 amplitude (p=0.193) in patients with OH.The sensitivity and specificity for differentiating OH from NOI were 72.1% and 67.5%, respectively, at a cutoff value of 12.7 mm Hg for SBP SD, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.73. Conclusions Bilaterally deficient oVEMP responses may be associated with OH regardless of 24-h BP variability, reflecting the integrity of the otolith-autonomic reflex during orthostasis. Alternatively, 24-h BP variability is predominantly regulated by the baroreflex, which also participates in securing orthostatic tolerance complementary to the vestibulo-autonomic reflex.