No abstract available.
Intussusception*

OBJECTIVE: To find the developing features of H reflex by the gradual increase of stimulation intensity, to evaluate the variability of each H reflex latency, and to verify the consistency of the side-to-side difference of bilateral H reflex latencies in normal population. METHOD: Fifty normal persons (100 limbs) were studied. H reflexes were elicited using standardized technique from Braddom and Johnson. RESULT: H reflex developed in the stimulation intensity at which M response was not evoked in 46 of total 100 limbs. The latency difference between the longest and shortest in each ipsilateral evoked potential was 0~2.1 ms (mean 0.65+/-0.44 ms). In the side-to-side latency difference between the variously evoked H waves, the mean value of maximal one was 1.28+/-0.63 ms (0.4~2.6 ms), and the mean value of the minimal one was 0.24+/-0.35 ms (0~1.5 ms). The mean side-to-side latency difference between the H waves of maximal amplitudes was 0.69+/-0.46 ms (0.1~1.6 ms), and the mean side-to-side difference between the shortest latencies was 0.61+/-0.53 ms (0~2.1 ms). Among these findings the latency difference of the maximal amplitude was observed in 47 cases with 0~1.5 ms, in 3 cases with more than 1.5 ms. CONCLUSION: In diagnosing the S1 radiculopathy with the side-to-side latency difference it will be reasonable to use the latency of maximal amplitude or the shortest latency as diagnostic tool, and reevaluation will be needed with the diagnostic criteria of 1.5 ms latency difference.
Evoked Potentials ; Extremities ; H-Reflex* ; Humans ; Radiculopathy

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the association between the sleep pattern, chronotype (midpoint of sleep on free days) and the depressive symptoms in adults aged 19 years and over in Korea. This study also investigated the mediating effect of perceived usual stress (PUS) and self-rated health (SRH) on the association between chronotype and depressive symptoms. Methods: Among the subjects of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016 and 2018, 16142 adults aged 19 or over responded to the survey and finally 8604 were analyzed according to the exclusion conditions. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to see the risk of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation over sleep pattern, chronotype. Finally, mediation analysis was performed in order to clarify how PUS and SRH are associated to chronoytpe and depression. Results: After controlling for potential covariates, weekly sleep duration < 5 hours, ≥ 10 hours was associated with depressive symptoms. And late bed time sleeping after am 1:00 and later midpoints of sleep was associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms. Additionally, the PUS and SRH between chronotype and depressive symptoms showed a serial multiple mediation effect. Conclusions Short or long sleep duration, late bed time and later midpoints of sleep on free days are associated with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the mechanism between chronotype and depressive symptoms needs to be further clarified by identifying the serial multiple mediation effects of PUS and SRH.

Schwannomas are neurogenic tumors that arise from Schwann cells of the neural sheath. They are most often benign and solitary. Ancient schwannoma is a rare variant of schwannoma with a typical characteristics of a slow growing benign tumor. A case of ancient schwannoma which originated from the lingual nerve has not been reported in the literature yet. The clinical and histological aspects of this tumor are discussed and the literature regarding this rare entity is reviewed.
Lingual Nerve* ; Neurilemmoma* ; Schwann Cells

No abstract available.
Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*

Scrub typhus, an acute febrile infectious disease caused by R. tsutsugamushi, has been reported from various parts of the far east and pacific rim of Asia including Korea. It is well known that all human pathogenic rickettsia share an affinity to endothelial cells of the small blood vessels and evoke vascular inflammation variably associated with a rash, microthrombi, and hemorrhage. We infected the ICR mice by inoculating sublethal doses of R. tsutsugamushi R19 strain intraperitoneally and observed the pathologic changes by time sequence. The histopathologic features of experimentally induced scrub typhus in the mice were generally nonspecific interstitial inflammations characterized by interstitial pneumonitis, periportal inflammation, multifocal hepatic necrosis, interstitial nephritis, sinusoidal engorgement, and lymphohistiocytic cell infiltration in lymph nodes and spleen. Contrary to the general features of other rickettsial diseases, the pathologic process of scrub typhus experimentally induced by R. tsutsugamushi R19 strain mainly involved the interstitial connective tissue but not the blood vessels.
Animals ; Liver/pathology ; Lung/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Scrub Typhus/*pathology ; Spleen/pathology

Contrary to general perception, thin acral lentiginous melanoma can metastasize. Sentinel lymph node metastases are found in a significantly greater proportion of patients with thin melanoma showing histological evidence of regression. In these cases, metastatic melanoma within lymph nodes may stimulate an immune response, resulting in regression of the primary lesion. However, a small number of thin acral lentiginous melanoma without regression also metastasize. We report a case of thin acral lentiginous melanoma with lymph node metastasis showing regression.
Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Melanoma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of various intracranial volume (ICV) measurement methods on the sensitivity of hippocampal volumetry and modulated voxel-based morphometry (mVBM) in female patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data for 41 female subjects (21 MDD patients, 20 normal subjects) were analyzed. Hippocampal volumes were measured manually, and ICV was measured manually and automatically using the FreeSurfer package. Gray and white matter volumes were measured separately. RESULTS: Manual ICV normalization provided the greatest sensitivity in hippocampal volumetry and mVBM, followed by FreeSurfer ICV, GWMV, and GMV. Manual and FreeSurfer ICVs were similar in normal subjects (p = 0.696), but distinct in MDD patients (p = 0.000002). Manual ICV-corrected total gray matter volume (p = 0.0015) and Manual ICV-corrected bilateral hippocampal volumes (right, p = 0.014; left, p = 0.004) were decreased significantly in MDD patients, but the differences of hippocampal volumes corrected by FreeSurfer ICV, GWMV, or GMV were not significant between two groups (p > 0.05). Only manual ICV-corrected mVBM analysis was significant after correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION: The method of ICV measurement greatly affects the sensitivity of hippocampal volumetry and mVBM. Manual ICV normalization showed the ability to detect differences between women with and without MDD for both methods.
Depressive Disorder, Major ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

BACKGROUND: Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a gram positive anaerobic bacteria which plays a key role in the development of acne. Therefore, culture of P. acnes from the acne lesion can serve as an important clinical tool for selecting antibiotics and judging the therapeutic response. However the conventional cultural method is not easy to perform in clinical settings. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical application of portable digital skin fluorescence imaging equipment in patients with acne. METHODS: Total of 60 objects (33 males and 27 females) with facial acne were recruited. To estimate fluorescence color and size according to the acne lesion, digital fluorescence images were taken and analyzed with image analysis program. Also, we examined the species and the quantification of bacteria aerobically and anaerobically isolated from each kind of acne lesion. RESULTS: Among the bacteria cultured, coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) was the most common (57.7%), followed by P. acnes (46.1%). Noninflammatory lesions (comedones) showed statistically significant correlation with red fluorescence and inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules) with green fluorescence (p=0.004). The density of CNS and P. acnes were also significantly associated with fluorescence size (p=0.014, p=0.005). However, there was no statistical association between the strains of bacteria and the color of fluorescence (p=0.192). CONCLUSION: Since the size of fluorescence correlates well with P. acnes levels, we found the noninvasive technique of portable digital skin fluorescence imaging equipment to be useful in choosing adequate antibiotics and monitoring antibiotic therapy in acne vulgaris.
Acne Vulgaris ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Bacteria, Anaerobic ; Coagulase ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Male ; Optical Imaging ; Propionibacterium acnes ; Skin