No abstract available.

Cervical spinal stenosis can be diagnosed indirectly by measuring the anteroposterior diameter or Pavlovs ratio in simple cervical spinal radiographs. The purposes of this study were to assess the trasverse areas of the spinal canal,the dural tube and the spinal cord of the cervical spine of normal adults by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to find the possible correlationship among the MRI results. T1-weighted MR images of the cervical spine of 100 normal adults were evaluated by measuring the transverse areas of the three structures in the axial plane. The maximal transverse areas of the spinal cord was 84.5mm2 at C5 and the minimal transverse areas of the dural tube and spinal canal were 153.6mm2 and 232.4mm2 at C6, respectively. The transvere areas of the spinal canal correlated better with the dural tube areas than with the spinal cord areas. The areas of the spinal canal, the dural tube and the spinal cord in MRI correlated better with the sagittal diameter than with the Pavlov's ratio in simple lateral radiographs.
Adult* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Spinal Canal* ; Spinal Cord* ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine

No abstract available.
Myopathy, Central Core*

Oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (LDL) could contribute to one of the atherosclerotic processes through its uptake by the scavenger receptor of macrophage. The aim of the present study was to examine whether ganghaungenin has an antioxidant effect. For the approach of the aim, a lipid peroxidation of LDL, the changes of degradation and negative charge of LDL, and LDL uptake in macrophage were measured after ganghaungenin was treated in the reaction process of LDL oxidation. The effective LDL oxidation was performed with treatment of 20 pM CuSO4 for 5 hours. Quercetin, one of the well-known antioxidant, was used as a positive control. The antioxdant effect of ganghaungenin on the LDL oxidation were examined at concentrations of both 40 p,M and 80 p,M for Sh. Ganghaungenin significantly inhibited the lipid peroxidation of LDL. It inhibited the oxidation-enhanced degradation and negative charge of LDL. Even 100 p,M of it did not have any toxic effects on macrophage. It inhibited the uptake of the oxidized LDL into macrophage. These data revealed that ganghaungenin obtained from Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi was a potent antioxidant in inhibiting the oxidative modification of LDL. Conclusively, these findings indicate that ganghaungenin in physiologic concentrations could inhibit the oxidative modification of LDL in vivo, and suggest that ganghaungenin could be also used for the atherosclerosis prevention.
Antioxidants* ; Atherosclerosis* ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Lipoproteins ; Macrophages* ; Quercetin ; Receptors, Scavenger ; Scutellaria baicalensis

PURPOSE: The isoflavones in soy are likely to contribute to the historically low incidence of breast cancer among Asian women who consume traditional diets. The possible role of isoflavones in controlling the expression of p27(kip1) and p57(kip2) has not been previously explored. In this study, the ability of the isoflavone, genistein, to regulate the expression of p27(kip1) and p57(kip2) in breast cancer cells was evaluated. METHODS: The effects of genistein was examined on the expression of p27(kip1) and p57(kip2) at the mRNA level, using the MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cell lines. RESULTS: By genistein treatment, p27(kip1) mRNA increased significantly in comparison to the control group. In particular, p27(kip1) mRNA level in 10 micrometer and 50 micrometer genistein treated- groups increased about two-folds more than the control. p57(kip2) mRNA was not different from control group. p57(kip2) mRNA decreased slightly only in the 50 micrometer genistein treated-group. PPAR-gamma mRNA level increased slightly according to the concentration-dependent manner of genistein, but it was not significantly different. Conclusions: These results suggest that the up-regulated p27(kip1) by genistein might contribute to cancer prevention or inhibition.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Line ; Diet ; Female ; Genistein* ; Humans* ; Incidence ; Isoflavones ; RNA, Messenger

The characteristics of modern society's trauma is a propensity for multiple and severe trauma, specially, the fatal damage accompanied by facial bone fracture. We observed the malocclusion owing to delayed prompt treatment If the fractured fragments is crushed severely, it is difficult to make them positioned into the normal anatomical states and to fix them tightly. Post-traumatic malocclusion is usually caused by a delay in treatment and inadequate anatomic reduction. Inadequately treated facial bone fractures result in facial disfiguring and functional impairment of mastication and speech.We performed 27 cases of correction of post-traumatic malocclusion between April 1994 and June 1996. We used various operative techniques such as anterior segmental osteotomy, Le Fort osteotomy, maxillary segmental osteotomy and mandibular sagittal split osteotomy. If the malocclusion was due to disarrangement segmental osteotomy. If that malocclusion was attributed to a malpositioned skeletal bone, we take maxillary segmental osteotomy or mandibular sagittal split osteotomy. We acquired the desirable occlusion first followed by a fixation between the mandible and maxillary skeletal bones with the bite block. The aim in the correction of malocclusion was to create a harmony of centric relation and centric occlusion. After operation, intermaxillary fixation with bite block have many advantages in the treatment of malocclusion.
Centric Relation ; Facial Bones ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Mastication ; Maxillary Osteotomy ; Osteotomy ; Osteotomy, Le Fort

The inverted nipple presents many problems including both cosmetic and functional aspects and impairment in breast feeding. the histopathologic characters of inverted nipple are that inverted nipple has less fibromuscular tissue than normal nipple and has short lactiferous duct and dense fibrous tissue. Many surgical and non-surgical techniques have been designed for correction of the inverted nipple. But most of these techniques have produced unsatisfactory problems. especially undesirable recurrence is most important problem. We experienced 19 inverted nipples in 12 patients between March 1995 and January 1998. We combined modified Teimourian method, purse-string suture and Z-plasty. and had good result for 3weeks to 30months follow up. This method was effective for correction of the inverted nipple with low recurrence rate and simple techniques.
Breast Feeding ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nipples* ; Recurrence ; Sutures

No abstract available.
Hand*

Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage is one of the important diseases in Korea, sociomedically, in view of high incidence and mortality rate of the disease, severity of its sequelae and the affected productive age-group of 40 to 50 years old. The indications for surgery in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage are still controversial. The reason for this may be : 1) lack of adequate and comparable data in conservative and surgical therapy from the same institution : 2) lack of adequate close follow-up monitoring over an extended period of time ; or 3) lack of proper classification of hematomas for comparison of results from different institutions. The authors analysed 1009 cases of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Kyung-Hee University Medical center for five years from January 1983 to December 1987. The site of hemorrhage have classified according to their anatomical site on computerized tomography. The long term outcome was analysed with reference to comparison between surgical treatment and conservative treatment. The results were as follows : 1) The incidence was high in the age-group of 50 years old and the sex ration was 1.23 : 1.0. 2) There was no seasonal variation in the incidence. 3) The occurrence of putamino-thalamic hemorrhage(38.7%) was most frequent, and then followed by putaminal(17.9%), thalamic(17.9%), subcortical(13.6%), pontine(7.5%), cerebellar(4.4%) hemorrhage in order. 4) The outcome was satisfactory in the cases of subcortical hemorrhage and cerebellar hemorrhage. The outcome was poorest in the cases of pontine hemorrhage. Both putamen and thalamic hemorrhage had brought about a high licidence of severe sequelae. 5) In correlation between the therapeutic modality and the outcome, surgical treatment increased the frequency of improvement towards Grade I-II, and also decreased the frequency of Grade III, but brought about the increase of the mortality rate. In general this results failed to support the view that the surgical treatment is superior to the conservative one in the management of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. But, in the subcortical and cerebellar hemorrhage, surgical treatment showed better outcome than conservative treatment. 6) The outcome was poor in large sized hemorrhage than small one. In cases with large sized subcortical and cerebellar hemorrhage, surgical treatment had low mortality rate. 7) The level of consciousness at attack had closely related to the outcome. 8) In correlation between the time interval from ictus till operation and outcome, generally speaking, the outcome of delayed operation was slightly better than early operation. But, when the level of consciousness was good, the outcome of early operation was satisfactory. 9) Intraventricular hemorrhage occurred in 38.9% of all cases, and most frequently associated with thalamic hemorrhage. In the case of association with intraventricular hemorrhage, the mortality rate was greatly increased than in cases without intraventricular hemorrhage. 10) As far as the causes of death were concerned, cerebral swelling was most frequent and overall mortality rate was 22%.
Academic Medical Centers ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Cause of Death ; Classification ; Consciousness ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive* ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Neurosurgery ; Putamen ; Seasons

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Arteries*