The authors developed a comfortable program for routine work of surgical pathology. We used IBM PC (80386) and Foxbase plus program. The main function of this program was automatic coding and concurrent surgical report printing. During gross printing, previous biopsy number and its diagnosis were automatically searched and printed below gross description. The reported data were stored during surgical report printing simultaneously, and thus the typist's workload became considerably reduced. Search for specific cases could be performed by patient's name, surgical number, hospital number, diagnostic code numbers (SNOMED code micro glossary), and certain disease entities on very short duration.
Biopsy ; Clinical Coding ; Diagnosis ; Pathology, Surgical*

Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung is uncommon benign neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis. Their radiologic appearance is relatively distinct and well defined. Recently we experienced 3 cases of sclerosing hemangioma of the lung in 54, 52, 51 years old women. The light microscopic findings are similar to the features reported by Liebow and Hubbell (1956).
Female ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Humans ; Lung* ; Pulmonary Sclerosing Hemangioma

Anisakiasis is a parasitic disease of the gastrointestinal tract caused by ingestion Of raw or undercooked fish containing the marine nematode larvae belong to the subfamily Anisakinae. The adult worms are intestinal parasites of marine mammals. Eggs are passed in the feces of these mammals and develop to the second stage larvae in the sea water. They are eaten by crustaceans in which the larvae develop to the third stage. When fish or squid eat the infected crustaceans the larvae migrate to the body cavity or the muscle. The infected fish or squid is eaten by marine mammals the larvae attach to the wall of the stomach and then undergo adult worm. In Korea, human anisakiasis is not rare. The clinical manifestations are variable and depend on the involving site of gastrointestinal tract. The frequent sites are stomach and small intestine, and large intestine is rarely involved. Recently we experienced two cases of ileal anisakiasis occurred in 54-year-old female and 46-year-old female patients. The symptoms were upper and lower abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The resected ileums in case I and 2 measured 12.5 x 2.5 cm and 15.0 x 2.0 cm, respectively. The mucosa and submucosa were thickened. In case 1, submucosal penetration of a white thread-like parasite was seen. The ileum showed submucosal edema, and extensive infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells from mucosa to mesentery with or without mucosal ulceration. The Anisakis larvae are found in the submucosa and propria muscle. They have thick multilayered smooth cuticle, many somatic muscle cells, triradiated esophagus with numerous tall columnar cells, renette cell, and Y-shaped lateral chords. Reproductive organ is absent. In Korea, the previously reported 14 cases and present 2 cases of the intestinal anisakiasis mainly involved ileum, but the cause was not mentioned.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

This study was conducted to evaluate the expression of p53 and c-erbB-2 using immuno-histochemical methods in 145 primary breast carcinomas and to correlate it with other histo-pathological prognostic factors. Invasive ductal carcinoma represented 129 of the cases. Expression of p53 protein and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was present in 48% (62/129) and 30% (39/129) of invasive ductal carcinomas, respectively. The expression of p53 protein was stongly associated with a high score of degree of differentiation (p<0.05), nuclear pleomorphism (p<0.05), mitotic index (p<0.05), SBR grade (p<0.05) and MSBR grade (p<0.05), but it was not associated with patient's age, size of tumor or axillary node metastasis. The overexpression of c-erbB-2 C-erbB-2 oncoprotein was strongly associated with a high score of nuclear pleomorphism and a high SBR grade (p<0.05), but not associated with patient's age, size of tumor, axillary node metastasis, degree of differentiation, mitotic index or MSBR grade. An inverse relationship between the expression of p53 protein and estrogen receptor status was found, but the expression of c-erbB-2 was not associated with estrogen receptor status. It is concluded that p53 protein and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein are important prognostic factors in breast cancers, and that the aberrant expression of p53 protein is the most useful prognostic factor becausd of strong association of known histopathological prognostic factors and negative estrogen receptor status.
Breast Neoplasms

A total of 53 gastric adenomas from endoscopically biopsied gastric mucosa were examined histopathologically. The average age at the time of endoscopic biopsy was 59 years, and gastric adenomas were found to be more frequent in the aged, particularly above the age of 50. The majority of adenomas occurred at the antrum. Concerning the shape of the adenomas, Yamada type II was more frequent (55%). All adenomas were accompanied by varying degree of intestinal metaplasia, and this findings suggest that gastric adenoma develops from intestinal metaplasia. In adenomas with severe atypia (grade III), endocrine cells (argyrophil and argentaffin cells) were markedly decreased or absent. Gastric adenocarcinomas coexistent with adenoma were seen in 5 (9.4%) out of 53 cases, and were more frequent in male than female patients (sex ratio, 4:1) and the average age was 61.4 years. It is suggested that there is a necessity of thorough follow-up study for definitive correlation between gastric adenoma and adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma* ; Biopsy ; Endocrine Cells ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastric Mucosa ; Humans ; Male ; Metaplasia ; Stomach

Supraclavicular lymph nodes are unique in that they can attract metastases from almost anywhere in the body and most common sites of metastasis from an unknown primary source. 125 cases which had been diagnosed as metastatic supraclavicular lymph node during the period between May 1983 and August 1991, were analyzed pathologically, and following distinctive characteristics could be outlined: 1) The most frequent sites of metastasis from primary lesions are lung (43%), stomach (23%), lymphoreticular (6%), biliary (5%), esophagus (2%), and pancreas (2%). 2) Histologic examination of metastatic supraclavicular lymph node revealed adenocarcinoma (57%), squamous cell carcinoma (12%), undifferentiated carcinoma (9%), small cell carcinoma (7%), malignant lymphoma (6%), malignant melanoma (1%) and undetermined carcinoma (8%). 3) In cases that histologic types were squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and undetermined carcinoma, the most frequent primary site was lung.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Esophagus ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphoma ; Melanoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas ; Stomach

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of lowering the cutoff values of 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: Patients with an abnormal 50 gm glucose challenge test (GCT) of more than 130 mg/dL at 24-28 weeks of gestation underwent a 3-hour OGTT at 28-32 weeks of gestation. Patients were divided into four groups according to the criteria recommended by Carpenter-Coustan or National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) (Control: 50 gm GCT negative [n=268], Borderline: 2 or more abnormal values met or exceeded Carpenter-Coustan criteria but not the NDDG criteria [n=100], NDDG I: 2 or more abnormal values met or exceeded NDDG criteria, [treated, n=70], NDDG II: [not treated, n=42]). Obstetric and perinatal outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of 5,827 pregnant women screened for GDM, 112 (1.9%) met the NDDG criteria, whereas 212 (3.6%) met the Carpenter-Coustan criteria. The incidences of poor maternal outcomes were 20.1%, 28.0%, 47.1%, 21.4%, and the incidences of poor neonatal outcomes were 3.7%, 6.0%, 14.3%, 16.7% in the four groups (p<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that 1) NDDG I showed an independent risk factor for poor maternal outcome (OR, 3.37), but the borderline group did not, 2) NDDG I showed an independent risk factor for poor neonatal outcome (OR, 3.87), but the borderline group did not, 3) the borderline group showed an independent risk factor for preterm delivery (OR, 2.67). CONCLUSION: Lowering the cutoff values would increase the number of pregnant women with GDM, while only minimally affecting the perinatal outcomes. Further large-scale prospective studies for Korean pregnant women may be needed.
Diabetes, Gestational* ; Female ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate case-fatality rates and survival rates, prognostic factors of prevalent five cancers(stomach, lung, liver, cervix, colon) in a university hospital located in Taejon City. METHODS: 2,158 cancer patients who have admitted the hospital from Jan. 1, 1991 to Dec. 31, 1998 were analysed. The higher ratio of outbreak and growing were selected among the investigated cancer data for over 100 of subjects in Korean cancer patient was examined into two method. The one is medical record and the other is affirm a government office for existence or not. RESULTS: The lung cancer was discovered for the highest fatality rate. The crude 5-year survival rate of all cancer patients was 43.9% and that in male was higher than that in female. The 5-year survival rate of stomach cancer patients were 49.7%, that treated with combined(operation and chemotherapy) were 66.2%, that with metastasis to lymph node were 48.1%, and distant metastasis were 31.9%. Lung cancer patients were 25.9%, that treated with operation were 42.7%, and that with metastasis to lymph node were 29.3%. Hepatoma patients were 25.5%, that treated with operation were 37.8%. Uterine cervix cancer patients were 74.8%, that treated with operation were 95.0%, that with metastasis to lymph node were 83.3%, and distant metastasis 74.8%. Colon cancer patients were 41.8%, that treated with operation were 50.2%, that with metastasis to lymph node were 33.4%. Prognostic factors affecting survival rate among stomach cancer patients were age, operation, operation with cancer chemotherpy, and metastais to lymph node and distant matastasis. Prognostic factors of uterine cervix cancer was age, and that of colon cancer were operation with radiotherapy, metatasis to lymph node and distant metastasis. CONCLUSION: case-fatality rate in male were higher than that in female, and increased with age. The cancer survival rate of female is high, the high in over 40 years group, and operation is exposed in the highest survival rate, also significant difference in metastasis level.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cervix Uteri ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Daejeon ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate*

Polycystic ovary syndrome is characterized by symptoms of oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, infertility, hirsutism and obesity. It is known that the women with such diseases would have higher risks to coronary heart diseases, hypertension, DM and endometrial cancer later on, Known risk factors of endometrial cancer are nullipara, late menopause, obesity, DM, unopposed estrogen, tamoxifen treatment, and atypical endometrial hyperplasia ect. 75% of endometrial cancer occurs in age over 50 and 4% of endometrial cancer occurs in age under 40. Particulary endometrial cancer concurrent polycystic ovary syndrome occurs usually in people under age 40 and is commonly well differentiated cell type and is related to good prognosis. We experienced a case of endometrial cancer with polycystic ovary syndrome, who was early dignosed, presented with infertility and got an operation in our hospital, and report this case with a brief review of literature.
Amenorrhea ; Coronary Disease ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Hirsutism ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infertility ; Menopause ; Obesity ; Oligomenorrhea ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Tamoxifen

The authors have been developed a menu-driven FoxBASE system for surgical pathology reporting and automatic encoding in Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine. The system requires no prior knowledge of FoxBASE and is readily installed on any IBM or it's compatible personal computer. Working sheet generation is automatically accompanied by data from previous cases on the same patient. Important data which include patient name, age, sex, surgical number, hospital unit number and encoded diagnoses, are stored on the hard disk permanently; complete reports are saved on floppy diskettes. Cases can be retrieved by patient name, surgical number, hospital unit number and SNOMED codes within 0.1 second. Daily work lists and listings of incomplete cases are easily obtained. This FoxBASE system has been in use for 1 year and 6 months and resulted in increased efficiency of retrieval and gathering of basic information for specific study, cost effectiveness, markedly diminished workload of typist and very short wasting time during complete restoration of data file for hard disk failure.