No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

Lipomatous tumors represent a common group of neoplasm in adult life usually presented as a mass. Authors reviewed 872 benign liopmatous tumors and 39 liposarcomas in the Department of pathology, SNUH during last 10 years (1978-1987). Among the benign lipomatous tumors, the ordinary lipomas consisted of 80.8%, followed by angiolipomas (11.4%), fibrolipomas (2.3%), intramuscular lipomas (1.8%), and angiomyolipomas (1.4%). Most of the benign lipomatous tumors occurred at adult life and were rare in infancy and childhood except for lipoblastoma. In our series, the peak age of liposarcoma at the time presentation was 50 to 60 years, and the youngest age was 17 years. The myxoid type was the most common and it accounted for 38.5% of the cases. The two major sites were the extremities and retroperitoneum. Thirteen cases out of 39 liposarcomas had recurred and 2 cases had lymph node metastases at the time of presentation.
Child ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma, Medullary* ; Thyroid Gland*

Hamartoma of the bladder is quite a rare entity which is composed of a disorderly admixture of mature cellular elements normally present in the urinary bladder. There is a great controversy regarding the pathogenesis of this lesion. Whether it is a true hamartomatous lesion or metaplastic lesion developed secondary to the inflammatory process. Similar or identical lesions has often been given by other names such as florid examples of cystitis glandularis. We prefer to cell florid examples of cystitis glandularis rather than hamartoma when it was occurred in an old age higher then 50th decade. Here we report a case of hamartoma of the urinary bladder in 44 years old man. Cystoscopic examination revealed a papillary polypoid mass which was attached to the fundus of bladder by long stalk. The mass measured 1.5 cm in greatest diameter. It was composed of epithelial nests resembling von Brunn's nest, cystitis glandularis or cystitis cystica dispersed in a stroma rich in smooth muscle and fibrous tissue.
Hamartoma

No abstract available.
Coronary Vessels*

Histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies for S-100 protein and keratin has been conducted on 21 cases of malignant schwannomas. The 21 cases were divided into the following three groups Group A: tumors originating from the nerve trunk or neurofibroma; Group B: tumors related to von Recklinghausen's disease; and Group C: other tumors not belonging to the above groups but histologically diagnosed as malignant schwannoma. The commonest histological pattern consisted of either closely packed or loosely arranged interlacing fascicles of slender spindle cells with wavy fibrillar cytoplasm, followed by myxoid change, perithelial pattern, hyaline change of the blood vessels, and hyalinlzed cords or nodules. Nine out of 12 cases of malignant schwannomas in group A and B, and 7 out of 9 cases of group C were positive for S-100 protein. None of the above cases showed positive staining reaction for keratin. Since 7 of 9 malignant schwannomas in Group C stained with S-100 protein, we can conclude that careful histological analysis supplemented by immunohistichemical study can make a conclusive diagnosis in most of the cases of malignant schwannomas even in cases that do not fulfil the traditional strict criteria.

There had been a continuous evolution of lymphoma classification and recently a Revised European-American Lymphoma Classification was proposed by the International Lymphoma Study Group. This new classification often requires information on immunophenotypic and molecular biologic markers in addition to the usual histologic findings. Recent advances in the production of commercially available monoclonal antibodies reactive on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues provide us a great help to classify the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We have analyzed 31 low grade B-cell lymphomas by the schemes proposed by the International Lymphoma Study Group using antibodies to CD3, CD5, CD20, CD23, CD43, cyclin D1, and bcl-2 protein, and have analyzed the immunophenotypic features. Among 31 low grade B-cell lymphomas, 8 small lymphocytic lymphomas, 5 mantle cell lymphomas, 7 follicle center lymphomas (2 grade I, 3 grade II, and 2 grade III), and 11 marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (all of which were extranodal) were identified. Among 8 small lymphocytic lymphomas, 5 cases were positive for CD5; 6 cases were positive for CD23; 7 cases were positive for CD43; all 8 cases were negative for cyclin D1; and 7 cases were positive for bcl-2. Among 5 mantle cell lymphomas, 4 cases were positive for CD5 and CD43; all five cases were negative for CD23; 4 cases were positive for cyclin D1 and bcl-2. All 7 follicle center lymphomas were negative for CD5, CD43 and cyclin D1 and 2 cases were positive for CD23; and 6 cases were positive for bcl-2. All marginal zone B-cell lymphomas were negative for CD5, CD23 and cyclin D1; 3 cases were positive for CD43 and 9 cases were positive for bcl-2. Diagnostic utility for CD5 antigen detection on paraffin embedded tissue has a limitation due to weak antigen expression in tumor cells of B-cell lymphomas; however, still be useful in differentiating small lymphocytic lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma from other B-cell lymphomas when applied in conjunction with CD43. CD23, CD43, and cyclin D1 appear to be of great help in differentiating subgroups of low grade B-cell lymphomas. Bcl-2, as known, is found to be useful to rule out reactive follicular hyperplasia.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, CD5 ; B-Lymphocytes* ; Biomarkers ; Classification ; Cyclin D1 ; Hyperplasia ; Immunohistochemistry* ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Paraffin*

To evaluate the progress of clinical and histopathological changes of dermat ophytosis caused by M. gypseum, its inoculation study was done in 16 male New Zealand white rabbits(control: 4, innoculation : l2). The results were as follows . Clinically Initial erythema, scales, and crusts developed in 1 week after inoculation. They reached maximum severity on the 14th to 18th day and disappeared on the 25th to 44th day after inoculation. I-Iist,opathologically : The earliest findings were mild focal acanthosis and for al vascular ilatations and cellular infiltrations of the papillary dermis on the 4th day after inoculation. Their severity increased to the moderate degree until the. 8th day when mild hyperkeratosis was notec1, and lasted to the 13th day, Maximum degree of the findings including parakiratosis, intraepidermal microabscesses and middermal changes was seen on the 16th to 22nd day, and disapveared gradually between the 25th day and the 46th day. Hyphae and spores were founil on the PAS stainings until the 22nd clay. M. gypseum was not cultured from the lesions after the 25th day. seven of 10 rabbits injected intradermally with trichophytons became positive in 2 to 4 weeks after inoculation. All these findings suggest that the maximum inflammatory response is the result of immunologic reaction and the increased epidermal turnover rate may play a. major role in the shedding of remained fungi of the horny layer.
Dermis ; Erythema ; Fungi ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Male ; Microsporum* ; New Zealand ; Rabbits* ; Spores ; Trichophyton ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Vitamin K Deficiency* ; Vitamin K* ; Vitamins*

An accurate diagnosis of cancer or benign disease is important for the effective clinical management of the patients. Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a safe and cost effective technic for evaluating thyroid nodules. However, 20-30% of thyroid FNAC specimens are indeterminate and fall into one of the following categories; AUS/FLUS (atypical ceils of undetermined significance/follicular cells of undetermined significance), FN/SFN (follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm), and SMC (suspicious for malignant cells). The AUS/FLUS, FN/SFN, and SMC diagnostic category is associated with a 5-15%, 15-30%, and 60-75% risk of malignancy, respectively. Of the indeterminate thyroid nodules that are surgically resected, 10-40% were confirmed to be malignant. A significant progress has been made in the development of molecular tests for cancer diagnosis in thyroid nodules. Most common molecular alteration in thyroid cancer is the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Activation of this pathway in thyroid cells results from point mutation of BRAF and RAS genes and rearrangement of RET/PTC and NTRK genes and these genetic alterations are mutually exclusive. Preoperative molecular diagnostic techniques could be applied in FNAC specimen when optimum dissection techniques are provided to collect sufficient numbers of target cells without contamination of blood cells, inflammatory cells including histiocytes, and stromal cells. The optimum number of cells for PCR is about 100 although as few 50 cells has been successful. To obtain a good DNA yield from a very limited number of target cells, avoid DNA loss as much as possible.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Blood Cells ; Diagnosis* ; DNA ; Genes, ras ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Kinases ; Stromal Cells ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Nodule*