The present study was designed to elucidate the effects of rostral basal forebrain lesions on neuropeptide containing neurons in the cerebral cortex. Nine male Sprague-Dawley rats[250-300gm] received bilateral injections of ibotenic acid into the basal forebrain[A : +0.7mm, L : 2.3mm, D : 8.6mm] and additional five served as sham operated animals. Brains were removed at 8-14 days after lesioning and frozen coronal sections of 40 micrometer thickness were made. Immunohistochemical staining was performed against the somatostatin[SOM], neuropeptide Y[NPY], and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide[VIP]. No differences were observed in the number of the SOM-immunoreactive[SOM-ir] or NPY-ir neurons between the lesioned and the control groups. Density of the NPY-ir fibers also did not show any significant difference between the two groups. In contrast, the number of VIP-ir neurons in the frontal cortex was significantly reduced following the basal forebrain lesioning. These results suggest the functional relationship between the basal forebrain and the cortical VIP-ir neurons.
Animals ; Brain ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Humans ; Ibotenic Acid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neurons* ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neuropeptides* ; Prosencephalon* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Somatostatin ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

No abstract available.
Adenomyoma* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Intestine, Small* ; Intussusception*

Malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sac is extremely rare. To our knowledge, there have been 17 cases of malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sacreported in the literature and no case has been reported in Korea. The authors have experienced a 56 year-old male patient complaining of epiphora and mass in the medial canthal and neck areas for two month duration in the left eye. Excisional biopsy showed typical malignant melanoma which was treated with radiation therapy. Metastasis occurred in spinal cord during follow-up period. Although malignant melanoma of lacrimal sac is very rare, it should be considered in differential diagnosis of a growing tumor in the lacrimal sac.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Male ; Melanoma* ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Spinal Cord

BACKGROUND: Recently the number of elderly gallstone patients has increased, in Korea. The aim of this study is to analyze and to measure the risk factors associated with operation on elderly gallstone patients. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 206 gallstone patients who had been admitted and operated on in the department of general surgery. Konkuk University Hospital, between January, 1993 and December, 1999. The patients were divided into 2 groups, over and under age 65. In each group, analysis was done on sex distribution, the ratio according to location of gallstone, duration of hospital stay, duration of general anesthesia and operative mortality, and then the above factors of each group were compared. RESULTS: 1) The ratio of common bile duct stones in patients over age 65 was two times of that in patients under age 65(48%,24%) 2) The overall operative mortality was 1.9% and has no correlation with old age. 3) Severe coexisting disease may seem the risk factor for operative mortality. CONCLUSION: In the diagnosis and management of gallstones in the elderly, the possibility of common bile duct stone should be suspected. And in order to reduce the operative mortality, careful preoperative evaluation and treatment of coexisting disease should be done.
Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; Common Bile Duct ; Diagnosis ; Gallstones* ; Humans ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution

No abstract available.

The purpose of the study was to determine factors influencing compliance with anti-tuberculosis therapy. The study subjects were 104 tuberculosis patients who have received the initial treatment in 3 health centers of Kyongju-city, Dalseong-Gun in Teagu and Kumi-city. Data were collected between september and october 1995. The patients were classified into the improved group and the non-improved group according to outcomes of 3 month treatment with short-term therapeutic regimen. To find factors influencing compliance with anti-tuberculosis therapy, multiple logistic regression was made. There was no significant differences between the improved group and the non-improved group in sex, age, education level, occupation, family pattern, and habitual change regarding smoking and drinking. The level of knowledge about anti-tuberculosis therapy in the improved group was significantly higher than the non-improved group(p<0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that family support for not forgetting medication(p<0.05) was a predictor of improvement and knowledge about anti-tuberculosis therapy (p=0.054), regularity of medication(p=0.062), and consultation to family, doctor and nurse(p=0.075)were marginal predictors of improvement. Treatment must be given to every patient confirmed as having tuberculosis and must be given free of charge to the patients. The requirements for adequate chemotherapy are prescribed in the correct dosage and taken regularly by the patient for a sufficient period to prevent relapse of the disease after cure. It is suggested that education to the patients should be reinforced and connectedness between patients and tuberculosis control workers and family should be solidated.
Compliance* ; Drinking ; Drug Therapy ; Education ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Occupations ; Recurrence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tuberculosis

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy* ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach* ; Survival Rate*

No abstract available.
Seat Belts*