We intended to evaluate the Young's modulus of trabecular bone and apparent density from Computed Tomography(CT) and Spherical Indentation test and to quantify relation ship between them. The distal femurs(31 age, male, left and right) were prepared for exprimentatin and were embedded with repect to anatomical orientation. Then the specimens were scnned at 1 mm intervals on GE9800 CT scanner and the Hounsfield Units(HU, or CT number) were extracted from each CT image. After scanning, the bones were sectioned with diamond saw, producing 8 mm cubes of trabecular bone(72 eachs) from the metaphyseal region of both distal femur. The cubes were mechanically tested in inferior-superior(IS), anteriorposterior(AP), and medial-lateral(ML) direction with custom-made device, Spherical Indentatin Tester. After testing, the real apparent density of specimens were measured. The results of this study showed that the IS modulus was singificantly greater than both the AP and ML modulus and the AP modulus was also greater than ML modulus significantly(p<0.01). A linear relation ship between HU and real apparent density was found to be significant(R2=0.68) and significant power relationship between the apparent density and the tangent moduli(either by CT or physical measures) was also found.
Diamond ; Elastic Modulus* ; Femur ; Humans* ; Male ; Ships

A 12-year-old girl presented with a ciliary body mass that measured approximately 13 X 10 mm in size. The tumor was excised through cyclectomy. The light microscopic apprearance resembled neurogenic neoplasm such as neurofibroma or schwannoma. However, some tumor cells included fasciculus which is a characteristic feature of myogenic tumor. Immunohistochemistry assay and electron microscopic examination revealed smooth muscle nature including myofilaments with dense bodies and established the diagnosis as mesectodermal leiomyoma in the ciliary body. To our best knowledge, our patient is the youngest among the ciliary body leiomyoma cases ever reported.
Child ; Ciliary Body* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leiomyoma* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myofibrils ; Neurilemmoma ; Neurofibroma

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the therapeutic effect of orbital reconstruction by transcaruncular approach on old medial orbital wall fracture. METHODS: We performed retrospective study on 23 eyes of 23 patients, who underwent orbital reconstruction with transcaruncular approach over six weeks after injury from July 1999 to August 2001. RESULTS: Nineteen cases had enophthalmos, preoperatively; five cases; 2 mm, seven cases; 3 mm, six cases; 4 mm, and one case; 5 mm, respectively. Postoperatively, we obtained enophthalmos less than 1 mm in 17 cases(89%). The exophthalmometry revealed that enophthalmos improved from 3.2+/-0.9 mm, preoperatively to 0.9+/-0.7 mm, postoperatively. Twelve cases had diplopia on the primary and downgaze, preoperatively. However, ten cases of them(83%) disappeared diplopia, postoperatively. Of the remaining two cases, one had persistent diplopia on the downgaze and the other had paralytic strabismus. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the medial orbital wall repair through transcaruncular approach was a good way to correct enophthalmos and diplopia on old medial orbital wall fracture.
Diplopia ; Enophthalmos ; Humans ; Orbit* ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus

No abstract available.
alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Prenatal Diagnosis*

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

BACKGROUND: Naringin, one of the flavonoids in citrus fruit peels, is known to have antioxidant and hepatotonic effects in animal studies. We evaluated the effect of naringin on 1) blood lipid profiles, 2) regression of fatty streak of aorta, and 3) liver toxicity in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits. METHODS: New Zealand White Rabbits (2.0 - 2.5 Kg) were divided to three groups; group without treatment, group treated with 100 mg/kg/d or 500 mg/kg/d naringin, and group treated with 1 mg/kg/d or 20 mg/kg/d lovastatin. They were fed on 0.25% or 1.0% cholesterol-containing diet for 8 weeks and then sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for measurement of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, serum GOT and GPT. Aortas and livers were harvested for evaluation of fatty streak and pathologic examination. RESULTS: 1)Feeding of 1% cholesterol diet for eight weeks significantly increased the cholesterol level upto 20 folds. Neither lovastatin nor naringin did lower these marked hypercholesterolemia. But both naringin (500 mg/kg/d) and lovastatin (1 mg/kg/d) significantly reduced the area of fatty streak by 75% and 58%, respectively. Naringin was more effective in inhibition of fat infiltration into liver than lovastatin which showed hepatotoxicity as increase of serum GPT level (p=0.01). 2)Feeding of 0.25% cholesterol diet for eight weeks significantly increased the cholesterol level upto 17 folds. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels tended to decrease by treatment with naringin (500 mg/kg/d) and lovastatin (20 mg/kg/d), but this decreases were not statistically significant. However, areas of fatty streak significantly decreased by treatment with naringin and lovastatin by 64 and 82%, respectively (p<0.05). Microscopic analysis revealed that foam cell infiltration into intima was significantly reduced by naringin and lovastatin. In contrast to lovastatin, naringin significantly reduced the level of serum GPT (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Like lovastatin, naringin has strong antiatherogenic action which may not be associated with its very mild lipid lowering action. In contrast to lovastatin, naringin does have hepatoprotective effect.
Animals ; Aorta ; Cholesterol ; Citrus ; Diet ; Flavonoids ; Foam Cells ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Liver ; Lovastatin ; Rabbits* ; Triglycerides

No abstract available.
Arthroscopy* ; Retrospective Studies* ; Temporomandibular Joint*

Meigs' syndrome is defined as a hydrothorax with ascites and a pelvic tumor, both of which resolve on removal of the tumor. Pseudo-Meigs' syndrome is a variant not possessing the original tumor cell types described by Meigs. Both these syndromes should be considered in otherwise healthy women who present with either new or recurrent hydrothorax and ascites. Pseudo-Meigs' syndrome occurs with the clinical triad of (1)ascites, (2)pleural effusion and (3)Brenner tumors, struma ovarii, benign thecomas, extreme ovarian edema, uterine leiomyomas or other benign pelvic tumors. A case of Pseudo-Meigs' syndrome associated with Brenner tumor is presented with a brief review of literatures.
Ascites ; Brenner Tumor ; Edema ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrothorax ; Leiomyoma ; Meigs Syndrome ; Struma Ovarii ; Thecoma

No abstract available.
Scrub Typhus*

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women*