No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Seizures* ; Sparganosis*

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and the toxicity of preoperative treatment with capecitabine in combination with radiation therapy (RT) in patients with locally-advanced, resectable rectal cancer. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with locally-advanced rectal cancer (cT3/4, N-/+) were treated with capecitabine (825 mg/m2, twice daily for 7 days/wk) and concomitant RT (50.4 Gy/28 fractions). Surgery was performed 6-8 wk after completion of the chemoradiation followed by 4-6 cycles of adjuvant capecitabine monotherapy (1,250 mg/m2, twice daily for 14 days every 3 wk). RESULTS: The chemoradiation program was completed in all but 2 patients, for whom both capecitabine and RT were interrupted for 2 wk because of grade-3 diarrhea. A R0 resection under the principle of total mesorectal excision (low anterior resection, 26; intersphincteric resection, 6; abdominoperineal resection, 2) was performed in all but one patient with a low anterior resection with positive circumferential margin (R1). Primary tumor and node downstaging occurred in 57% and 60% of patients, respectively. The overall rate of downstaging, including both the primary tumor and node, was 77% (27 patients). A pathological complete response of the primary tumor was achieved in 4 patients (11%). No patient had grade-4 toxicity, and the only grade-3 toxicity developed was diarrhea in 2 patients (6%) during chemoradiation. During a median follow-up of 38 mo, distant metastases developed in 4 patients (multiple lung metastases, 2; aortocaval nodal metastases, 2), and another 2 patients showed local recurrence. The three-year disease-free survival was 83%. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that preoperative capecitabine-based chemoradiation therapy is an effective and safe treatment modality for the tratment of locally-advanced, resectable rectal cancer.
Capecitabine ; Deoxycytidine ; Diarrhea ; Disease-Free Survival ; Fluorouracil ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Recurrence

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular function and left ventricular hypertrophy often show weak correlation with the degree of blood pressure in hypertensive patients. So we assessed correlation of hemodynamic load to left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular performance, and whether left ventricular wall stress is the major factor on the regulation of left ventricular function. METHODS: Relationships between echocardiographic hemodynamic parameters and indices of left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular function were evaluated in 40 patients with essential hypertension who have not been previously treated. RESULTS: Left ventricular mass index correlated weakly with blood pressure, cardiac index, and stroke volume. End-diastolic left ventricular relative wall thickness, as an index that assess the severity of concentric hypertrophy showed significantly negative correlation with cardiac index (r=-0.49, p<0.001),stroke index(r=-0.46, p<0.001) and a positive correlation with total peripheral resistance (r=0.55, p<0.001). Furthermore, patient with cardiac indices tend to have higher end-diastolic wall thickness at any given level of blood pressure. Fractional shortening suggesting left ventricular systolic function was not related with blood pressure. stroke volume, cardiac index, left ventricular mass index, and peak systolic wall stress. In contrast there were significant negative correlations between fractional shortening with mean wall stress index (r=-0.42, p<0.005) and with end-systolic wall stress (r=-0.72, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that anatomic and hemodynamic changes may be pathophysiologically interdependent and left ventricular function was regulated by the level of left ventricular wall stresses reflecting afterload (blood pressure).
Blood Pressure ; Echocardiography ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Hypertrophy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular* ; Stroke Volume ; Vascular Resistance ; Ventricular Function, Left

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated at eight large medical centers in Korea were examined for methicillin resistance and resistance to eight other antibiotics; cefazolin, cefamandole, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, moxalactam, penicillin G and vancomycin. Methicillin resistance was found in 296 of 1225 strains (24.2%) of S. aureus and 126 of 348 strains (36.2%) of S. epidermidis. Methicillinresistant strains were isolated from all sources with the frequency of isolation ranging from 11% to 60%. From pleural effusion, throat swab and blood, methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus were more frequently isolated with statistical significance (Chi-squared test, 95% confidence). Almost all of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and S. epidermidis (MRSE) strains were multiply resistant to one or more tested eight antibiotics. However only 7(2.4%) of 296 MRSA strains and 2(1.6%) of 126 MRSE strains were resistant to vancomycin. Vancomycin was the most effective antibiotic against staphylococcal isolates as well as MRSA and MRSE.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Cross Infection/microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Humans ; Korea ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/*drug effects/isolation & purification ; Staphylococcus epidermidis/*drug effects/isolation & purification

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of breath-hold fast MR imaging of liver with fat suppression (FS) by application of chemical saturation technique in the diagnosis of regional fatty changed suspected in sonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen patients who had focal lesions with diffuse, homogeneous signal changes after FS through chemical saturation technique without additional changes of imaging parameter during MR imaging of liver were selected. T1-weighed fast low-angle shot and T2-weighted turbo spin-echo sequences were obtained with or without FS during each single breath-holding session. Subjective changes of signal intensity between the pre-FS and the FS images were compared with the sonographic findings in each lesion. RESULTS: Seven lesions of decreased signal intensity after FS on T1 or T2-weighted images, including three lesions only at FS T1 images, were regarded as focal fat infiltration. All seven lesions had compatible sonographic findings as homogenously echogenic areas. Another six lesions of subjectively increased signal intensity including two lesions only at FS T2 images were regarded as focal fat sparing. All six lesions had sonographic findings as homogenous echo poor areas suggesting focal fat sparing. In cases regarded as fat infiltration, score changes were more prominent at FS T1 images than FS T2 images(p=0.0002). In cases regarded as fat sparing, score changes were more prominent at FS T2 images than FS T1 images(p=0.042). CONCLUSION: Breath-hold fast T1 and T2-weighted MR imaging with and without chemical saturation pre-pulse may be sufficient for characterization of regional fatty changes in the different ferential diagnosis of focal hepatic lesion found at sonography.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Liver* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish optimal imaging acquisition conditions for the GE Advance(TM) PET imaging system by performing the acceptance tests designed by National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) protocol and General Electric Medical Systems (GEMS) test procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Performance tests were carried out with 18FDG radioactivity source and phantoms by using a standard acquisition mode. Transaxial resolution and scatter fraction tests were performed with a line source and axial resolution with a point source, respectively. A cylindrical phantom made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was used to measure sensitivity, count rate losses and randoms, uniformity correction, and attenuation inserts were added to measure remaining tests. The test results were acquired in a diagnostic acquisition mode and analyzed mainly on high sensitivity mode. RESULTS: Transaxial resolution and axial resolution were measured as average of 4.65 mm and 3.98 mm at 0 cm, and 6.02 mm and 6.71 mm at 20 cm on high sensitivity mode, respectively. Average scatter fraction was 9.87%, and sensitivity was 225.8 kcps/micronCi/cc of trues. Activity at 50% deadtime was 4.6 Ci/cc, and the error of count rate correction at that activity was from 1.49% to 3.83%. Average nonuniformity for total slice was 8.37%. The accuracy of scatter correction was -0.95%. The accuracies of attenuation correction were 5.68% for air, 0.04% for water and -6.51% for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). CONCLUSION: The results satisfied most acceptance criteria, indicating that the GE AdvanceTM PET system can be optimally used for clinical applications.
Electrons* ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Positron-Emission Tomography* ; Radioactivity ; Water

Thoracic disc herniation is uncommon and only represents 0.25% to 0.75% of all symptomatic disc lesions. The difficulty in diagnosis has been the one of the major problems in the treatment of thoracic disc herniation. But at now, the use of computed tomography with or without water soluble contrast media makes the diagnosis more acurate. Recently, we diagnosed a case of T4, T5 disc herniation by computed tomography with iopamidol. Operation by transthoracic, transpleural approach was done with microsurgical technique, and the result was good. The case is reviewed and other surgical techniques on the literature is discussed.
Contrast Media ; Diagnosis ; Iopamidol

Research regarding the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer has been undergoing dramatic progress. Treatment of hormone-naïve metastatic prostate cancer includes surgical castration and medical castration that lowers androgen level in the blood using drugs. Although these androgen deprivation therapies are very effective, hormone-naïve metastatic prostate cancer finally leads to castration-resistant prostate cancer because resistance to surgical or medical castration occurs. The treatment at this stage includes not only docetaxel, but also new androgen synthesis inhibitor or androgen receptor inhibitors such as abiraterone or enzalutamide, new cytotoxic anticancer agents such as carbazitaxel, and radioisotope treatment such as radium-223. Recently, studies on the effect of chemotherapy on hormone-naïve metastatic prostate cancer before the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer have been actively published. As a result, various guidelines have recommended docetaxel as the first-line therapy for hormone-naïve metastatic prostate cancer. In this manuscript, we will summarize the basic concepts of androgen deprivation therapy for hormone-naïve metastatic prostate cancer and the main results of research on chemotherapy for hormone-naïve metastatic prostate cancer.
Antineoplastic Agents ; Castration ; Drug Therapy* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Receptors, Androgen

Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) have been implicated in myocardial and organ dysfunction associated with postperfusion syndrome. We tested the hypothesis that cytokine productions are depressed by preoperative cortiosteroid injection for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the postoperative courses will be better than without steriod pretreated cases. Cardiac surgery was performed in randomized blind fashion for 20 patients from June 1996 to September 1996. In the steroid group (n=10), corticosteroid (dexamethasone 1 mg/kg) was injected 1 hour before anesthetic induction, but in the control group (n=10), nothing was injected. Each of groups were sampled 11 times as scheduled for TNF-alpha bioassays. We have checked EKG, cardiac enzymes (CPK, LDH with isoenzyme), WBC count preoperative day, one day and three days after operation. Viatal signs were continuously monitored for three postoperaive days. In the postoperative period three patients in the control group had elevated body temperature and four patients had hypotension that required considerable intravenous fluid administration. But steroid injected patients showed normal body temperture and acceptable blood pressures without supportive treatment. CPK enzymes rose in control group higher than steroid group at postoperative 1st and 3rd day (CPK; 1122+/-465 vs 567+/-271, 864+/-42 vs 325+/-87), and CPK-MB enzymes rose in control group higher than steroid group at postoperative 1st day (106.4+/-115.1 vs 29.5+/-22.4) (P=0.02). Arterial tumor necrosis factor-alpha rose during cardiopulmonary bypass, peaking at 5 minutes before the end of aortic cross clamping (ACC-5min) in steroid group (11.9+/-4.7 pg/ml), and 5 minutes before the end of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB-5min) in control group (22.3+/-6.8 pg/ml). The steroid pretreated patients had a shorter period of time in respirator suport time, ICU stay day, hospital admission day. We conclude that corticosteroid suppress cytokine production during and after cardiopulmonary bypass, and may improve the postoperative course through inhibition of reperfusion injury such as myocardial stunning and hemodynamic instability.
Biological Assay ; Body Temperature ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Constriction ; Cytokines ; Electrocardiography ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Myocardial Stunning ; Postoperative Period ; Reperfusion Injury ; Thoracic Surgery ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha* ; Ventilators, Mechanical