One hundred and one cases with allergic rhinitis were statistically analysed and 40 students without any allergic symtoms as control group were chosen and nasal eosinophile count were performed. The following results were obtained: 1. Among 101 allergic cases the male and female ratio was 4:5. 2. In 54.5%(55 cases) of the allergic group and 15%(6 cases) of the control group showed a positive reaction in the allergic skin test, but no significant sex difference was found. 3. In the 55 allergy positive cases. the peak incidence was in the 4th decade (27.3%) and next in order was the 3rd and 5th decade age group (21.8%). 4. Twenty six causative allergens by skin test were identified and the most frequent allergens were the animal hairs (43.3%) pre dominantly cat, dog and horse and next in frequency were the pollens (34.7%) and house dust (14.0%). 5. The most sensitive allergic reaction was to the house dust and appeared before the 5th year, animal hairs from 6~9 years, and pollens in the 2nd~3rd decade groups. 6. Among 150 positive reactions in 55 patients, ++(60) was the most frequent reaction level and next in order was +(58), +++(26) and ++++(6). 7. The allergic rhinitis due to food was only 2% which included two cases of mussel and a case of mushroom sensitivity. 8. Only 27% of the cases with positive skin, test showed single allergen sensitivity and 73% were multiple allergen sensitivity. 9. The most common combination of multiple allergens was between a variety of animal hairs, animal hairs and house dust, animal hairs and pollens, a variety of pollens and house dust in that order. 10. Among 101 cases of allergic rhinitis, 56.4% (57 cases) showed nasal eosinophilia and 64.9% (30 cases) of these revealed a positive skin test.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Allergens/classification* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dust ; Female ; Hair ; Hay Fever/immunology* ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Pollen ; Skin Tests

The author has made the electron microscopic study of enzymes in eosinophils in order to clearify the influence of hyposensitization in allergic rhinitis to the activity of enzymes in eosinophilic granules and the following results were obtained. 1. In all 3 control, hyposensitization and allergic groups, eosinophilic granules with matrix and crystalloid core in circulating blood and tissue was observed. 2. In all 3 groups, activity of acid phosphatase was not found in neutrophil, basophil, macrophage and glands as a form of coagulated activating colony of acid phosphatase. 3. In control and hyposensitizing groups, number of eosinophils were smaller than that was counted in allergic group. Activity of peroxidase in granule was weak and granular out flowing and rupture of cell membrane were not observed. 4. In allergic group, eosinophil count was high, activity of peroxidase in granule was strong and granular out flowing and rupture of cell membrane were severe. At the same time, many vacuoles, which were suspected to be the result of phagocyte the protein as foreign substance, wag observed. Judging from the fact that eosinophil has a specific relation to allergic diseases and the activity of peroxidase that exist as an enzyme in eosinophilic granule is strong, it is believed that the major function of eosinophil is phagocytosis of antigen, or antigen-antibody complex. On the other hand, the fact that activity of peroxidase was weak in hyposensitizing group lead us to believe that the activity of peroxidase may be used as an indicator for detecting hyposensitizing status in the treatment of allergic disease.
Acid Phosphatase/metabolism* ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Desensitization, Immunologic* ; Eosinophils/enzymology ; Eosinophils/ultrastructure* ; Female ; Hay Fever/therapy* ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Peroxidases/metabolism*

Since the early part of the twentieth century, many authors have claimed that eosinophilia is found in the nasal secretions and blood of patients with allergic diseases. This observation has now become an established fact, and recent evidence based on extensive investigation, suggests that the eosinophil may play an active role in allergic disease. Thus, we report changes in nasal eosinophils in a group of nasal allergy patients treated by specific hyposensitization. The following results were obtained; 1. Eosinophilia was noted in 52.8 percent of untreated nasal allergy patients. 2. The eosinophilic count was gradually decreased with increasing S.D.V.(specific desensitizing vaccine) hyposensitization.
Eosinophils* ; Hay Fever/pathology* ; Human ; Leukocyte Count ; Mucus/cytology ; Nasal Mucosa/secretion*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Joints* ; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate RN-BSN students' clinical nursing competency in order to establish baseline data for developing nursing competency based clinical education for RN-BSN students. METHOD: A survey of 1,453 RN-BSN students from 21 nursing schools was conducted using a self administered questionnaire. RESULT: The mean score of the clinical nursing competency was 2.93. The scores for competency were shown as 2.91 for nursing management, 2.94 for developing professionalism & legal implementation, 2.95 for critical thinking, 2.96 for teaching & leadership, and data collection, basic nursing care, and communication were above 3.00. The items perceived as insufficient competency were physical examination and observation & monitoring in data collection, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, psycho-social care, spiritual care, hospice in basic nursing care, application of knowledge and theory, formulating nursing diagnosis, nursing care planning in critical thinking, education material development, leadership, delegation in teaching and leadership, analysis of organization, planning, infection control, role & job description, evaluation of nursing activities in nursing management, quality improvement, and research in developing professionalism and legal implementation. CONCLUSION: This study will contribute to developing a nursing competency based on clinical education for RN-BSN students who have various education needs and clinical backgrounds.
Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; *Clinical Competence ; Curriculum ; Data Collection ; Education, Nursing, Associate/*standards ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/*standards ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nursing Education Research ; Questionnaires ; *Students, Nursing

The purpose of this study was to develop an education program for hospice care and to examine the effect of program. The education program for hospice care was developed based on the philosophy and principle of Hospice and integrated with various professional areas related to the problems with witch terminal patients and their family might be associated. The program was continued for 16 weeks and consisted of lectures and practices. The courses of this program were The Concept and Principle of Hospice, The Role of the Hospice Nurse, The Characteristics of Terminal Disease, Physical Care in Terminal Patients, Death Orientation, Psychological care for Terminal Patients, Spiritual care for Terminal Patients, and Care for the Family. To identify the effect of the education program for hospice care, the difference in death orientation of subjects between the pre and post performance of the education program was examined using the t-test. The finding of this statistic indicated that this education program for hospice care was effective in terms of changing the death orientation of subjects with positive direction. The education program for hospice care was performed several times at Kwangrim Hospice Missionary, Chungbuk University Hospital, and Wooam Church. Case studies were reported for a description after the performance of education. put this at the beginning 8 the sentence. In conclusion, the education program for hospice care was developed effectively. Therefore, this program should be used to educate and activate the subjects in community to be participants in hospice care.
Chungcheongbuk-do ; Education* ; Hospice Care* ; Hospices* ; Humans ; Lectures ; Missions and Missionaries ; Philosophy

Dystonia has a wide range of causes, but treatment of dystonia is limited to minimizing the symptoms as there is yet no successful treatment for its cause. One of the optimal treatment methods for dystonia is chemodenervation using botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A), alcohol injection, etc., but its success depends on how precisely the dystonic muscle is selected. Here, we reported a successful experience in a 49-year-old post-stroke female patient who showed paroxysmal repetitive contractions involving the right leg, which may be of dystonic nature. BTX-A and alcohol were injected into the muscles which were identified by dynamic polyelectromyography. After injection, the dystonic muscle spasm, cramping pain, and the range of motion of the affected lower limb improved markedly, and she was able to walk independently indoors. In such a case, dynamic polyelectromyography may be a useful method for selecting the dominant dystonic muscles.
Botulinum Toxins ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; Dystonia* ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Cramp ; Muscles ; Nerve Block ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spasm

Dystonia has a wide range of causes, but treatment of dystonia is limited to minimizing the symptoms as there is yet no successful treatment for its cause. One of the optimal treatment methods for dystonia is chemodenervation using botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A), alcohol injection, etc., but its success depends on how precisely the dystonic muscle is selected. Here, we reported a successful experience in a 49-year-old post-stroke female patient who showed paroxysmal repetitive contractions involving the right leg, which may be of dystonic nature. BTX-A and alcohol were injected into the muscles which were identified by dynamic polyelectromyography. After injection, the dystonic muscle spasm, cramping pain, and the range of motion of the affected lower limb improved markedly, and she was able to walk independently indoors. In such a case, dynamic polyelectromyography may be a useful method for selecting the dominant dystonic muscles.
Botulinum Toxins ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; Dystonia* ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Cramp ; Muscles ; Nerve Block ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spasm

To compare the two previous reports of anesthetic experiences (1959-1977 and 1978-1982) at Wonju Christian Hospital, Wonju Medical College, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea, anesthetic experiences of 23,524 reported cases, performed from January 1983 to December 1987, were analyzed statistically. There were no iclusions of cases performed through local anesthesia. The results were as follows: 1) The number of anesthetic cases increased on a year by year basis. 2) Sexual categorization was as follows: male 49.3%, female 50.7%. 3) According to the age category, the second to fourth decades of life occupied 41.9% of the these cases, and ifants occupied less than 0.3%. 4) According to prescribed anesthetic method, general inhalation anesthesia was performed in 75. 6% of these cases and regional anesthesia was performed in the other cases. 5) With respect the main anesthetic agent, halothane was utilized in 52.4%, while local anesthetics were used in 22.4% and Ethrane was used in 15.4% of the above cases. 6) Recording the preoperative A.S.A. physical status, class I was predominant over class II in elective operation, but class II was more apparent in emergent operations. 7) Among departmental emergent operations which accounted for 25% of all total cases, OB & GY accounted for 35% while General Surgery accounted for 28.9%. 8) Medical insurance patients were the most common.
Anesthesia, Conduction ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthetics, Local ; Enflurane ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Halothane ; Humans ; Insurance ; Korea ; Male

BACKGROUND: The possibility that anesthesia may alter the course of an infection has been under consideration for more a century. Alterations have been found in every component of the immune response during anesthesia and surgery. In this work, we have investigated the effect of lidocaine and propofol on interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and nitric oxide (NO) production in mice. METHODS: The culture supernatants of splenocytes exposed with anesthetics and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or sera from mice injected with these agents were harvested to assay IL-2, IL-4, and NO. RESULTS: We detected that IL-2 productions of splenocytes culture supernatants and mice sera after exposure with lidocaine or propofol were decreased while IL-4 productions were increased. In addition, NO of mice sera was increased after lidocaine or propofol exposures. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that lidocaine and propofol interfere with IL-2, IL-4, and NO production. This may explain the clinically well-recognized disturbance of human immunity after surgery and anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Animals ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4* ; Interleukins* ; Lidocaine* ; Mice* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Propofol*